Revenue Act of 1935
The Revenue Act of 1935, 49 Stat. 1014 (Aug. 30, 1935), raised federal income tax on higher income levels, by introducing the "Wealth Tax".[1] It was a progressive tax that took up to 75 percent of the highest incomes (over $1 million per year).[2] The Congress separately also passed new taxes that were regressive, especially the Social Security tax.
It was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt over strong opposition from business, the rich, and conservatives from both parties. The 1935 Act also was popularly known at the time as the "Soak the Rich" tax.[3] To solve the problem of tax evasion through loopholes, the Revenue Act of 1937 revised tax laws and regulations to increase the efficacy of the tax.[2]
Predicted revenue increase
[edit]Congress estimated that annual revenue would be increased by approximately $250 million when the new law took effect.[4]
Predicted annual revenue increase (in millions)
- $45 Surtax on Rich
- $80 Estate tax on rich
- $21 Gift tax on rich
- $37 Corporation taxes
- $44 capital stock tax
- $10 excess profits tax
- $20 intercompany dividends
- –$15 Corporation charitable deductions
- $250 total tax increase
Evaluations
[edit]Liberal historian Paul Conkin concluded that the 1935 tax law in which the graduated rates were first imposed on corporations, “neither soaked the rich, penalized bigness, nor significantly helped balance the budget.”[5] Nevertheless, angry critics complained that it was like the camel's nose under the tent, creating a precedent that would soon grow rapidly in magnitude.[6]
See also
[edit]- Revenue Act of 1936, which included a highly controversial corporate tax on undistributed profits
References
[edit]- ^ Roy G. Blakey, and Gladys C. Blakey. "The Revenue Act of 1935." American Economic Review (1935): 673-690. online
- ^ a b "Understanding Taxes Student Site". Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs forced an increase in taxes to generate needed funds. The Revenue Act of 1935 introduced the Wealth Tax, a new progressive tax that took up to 75 percent of the highest incomes. Many wealthy people used loopholes in the tax code. The Revenue Act of 1937 cracked down on tax evasion by revising tax laws and regulations.
- ^ Henretta, James; David Brody; Lynn Dumenil; Susan Ware (2004). America's History - Volume 2: Since 1865. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 729. ISBN 0-312-40958-3.
- ^ Blakey and Blakey, p 676
- ^ Paul Conkin, The New Deal (1975) p. 63.
- ^ Naomi R. Lamoreaux; William J. Novak (2017). Corporations and American Democracy. Harvard UP. p. 192. ISBN 9780674977716.
Further reading
[edit]- Bank, Steven A. "Taxing Bigness." Tax Law Review 66 (2012): 379+. Focused largely on 1935 law; online
- Blakey, Roy G., and Gladys C. Blakey. "The Revenue Act of 1935." American Economic Review (1935): 673–690. online
- Lutz, Harley L. "The Federal Revenue Act of 1935." American Economic Review 26.1 (1936): 161–173. online
External Resources
[edit]Text of Revenue Act of 1937
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