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Sahnun

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Sahnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi
Personal
Born776–7 CE (160 AH)
Died854–5 CE (240 AH)
ReligionIslam
EraIslamic golden age
(Abbasid era)
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki[1]
Main interest(s)Hadith and Fiqh
Notable work(s)Al-Mudawwana

Sahnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi (Arabic: سحنون بن سعيد بن حبيب التنوخي, romanized: Saḥnūn ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥabīb at-Tanūkhī) (c. 776/77 – 854/55) (160 AH – 240 AH ) was a jurist in the Maliki school from Qayrawan in modern-day Tunisia.

Biography

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His original name was Abdu Salaam Ibn Said Ibn Habib (عبد السلام بن سعيد بن حبيب) He gained the nickname 'Sahnun' (a type of sharp bird) because of his quickness of mind.[1] He was born to an Arab family that originated in Syria, his father was a soldier from Homs in present-day Syria.[1][2] He was from the tribe of Tanukh.[3]

Life

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In his youth Sahnun studied under the scholars of Qayrawan and Tunis. In particular, he learned from the Tripolitanian scholar `Ali bin Ziyad, who had learned from Imam Malik.[1] In 178 AH he traveled to Egypt to study under other pupils of Malik, who died before Sahnun had the financial means to reach them. Later on he continued to Medina and studied under other prominent scholars, returning to North Africa in 191 AH.[1]

Upon accepting the appointment, he was said to have told his daughter Khadija, "Today your father has been slain without a knife."[1] He was known to be scrupulous in his judgments and courteous towards litigants and witnesses, but strict towards the men surrounding the emir; he refused to allow them to send representatives on their behalf in litigation, and refused a request from the emir not to interfere in their illegal ventures.[1]

Sahnun's son Muhammad ibn Sahnun (d. 256/870) was also a noted jurist, composing the collection of nawāzil entitled Nawāzil al-ṣalāt min Dīwān Muḥammad ibn Saḥnūn.[4]

Theological Views

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Sahnun was known [by whom?] for his strong orthodoxy, even to the point of refusing to pray behind a Mu'tazilite imam. He excluded heretical sects from the mosque, including the Ibadi, Mu'tazilites and others. The Encyclopedia of Islam states:

Hitherto, in the multiple circles of scholarship, representatives of all tendencies were able to express themselves freely in the Great Mosque of Kairouan. In a process amounting to a purging of the community of scholars there, Sahnun put an end to this "scandal". He dispersed the sects of the ahl al-bida; the leaders of heretical sects were paraded ignominiously, and some were compelled to recant in public. Sahnun was one of the greatest architects of the exclusive supremacy of Sunnism in its Maliki form throughout the Muslim West.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g V. Minorsky, First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936, pp 64–65. ISBN 9004097961
  2. ^ hopley, russell (2011-01-01), Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.), "Sahnun, Abu Said al-Tanukhi", Dictionary of African Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5, retrieved 2024-03-08
  3. ^ Powers, David; Spectorsky, Susan; Arabi, Oussama (2013-09-25). Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-25588-3.
  4. ^ Ed., 'Nāzila', in P. Bearman (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill . (2012). https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5873.
  5. ^ Mohamed Talbi, "Sahnun," Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., Vol. VIII, pp. 843–845.
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