Talk:Albanian National Awakening

Comments

The source of this article is presumably more or less impartial, therefore I think we should check the claims that it is POV.

The third paragraph of the Balkan Wars section makes an incorrect claim. There was not a majority or even sizable population of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo in 1913. Ethnic Albanians moved to the region notably during the first and second world wars. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.176.47.203 (talk) 21:37, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Renaissance

The term Renaissance (rebirth) links to movements related to art and higher education, but til now it is not related with nations and national awakening. When i first saw the term 'Albanian Renaissance' I thought there was a movement of higher art and thought in the region in Albania (the term links to Da Vinci anyway). Is there any reliable source stating that the article's title really is really relevant with the content.Alexikoua (talk) 04:51, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

I agree, national revival or national awakening are more common.--Mladifilozof (talk) 20:08, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Igor dropped the following passage:

[Montenegro,] whose tribesmen had resorted to terror, mass murder, and forced conversion in territories it coveted,

"Terror" and "mass murder" are POV terms. But I think we anyway have to state what happened or didn't happen. The passage might be POV in the sense that the deeds of only one party are mentioned. Igor inserted a passage about Montenegrins' losses but it seems to imply war.

As these events are disputed, we need evidence, and more precise descriptions. Andres 12:06, 22 Oct 2003 (UTC)

There was: The key event in the Serbs' national mythology, the defeat of their forces by the Ottoman Turks,

This was really sort of point of view. But I still think that when the author used the word mythology he didn't imply the unreality of the event but that in Serbs' national self-consciousness it played a similar role as Skanderbeg's resistance in that of Albanian's. Andres 12:19, 22 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Igor dropped the sentence: Finally, Albanians claim Kosovo based on the fact that their kinsmen have constituted the vast majority of Kosovo's population since at least the eighteenth century.

Presumably Igor dropped this sentence because he disputes that the above-mentioned "fact" is a fact. But even if isn't it is claimed to be a fact by Albanians. What about substituting "their claim" for "the fact"?

It seems to me that this argument of the Albanians in no way can be dropped because else their claim to Kosovo would not be understandable. Probably this disputed point of Albanians should be elaborated in the text of the article and the details of the dispute should be presented in a separate article.

Besides, I think that even the argument that Albanians constitute a vast majority on some territory at a given moment has some strength at that moment, not considering the history. Therefore it might be artificial to bond the claims about the present and the past in an inseparable whole like the dropped passage is. Andres 12:38, 22 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Question

What deos "Albanian Vilayets" mean? Also, I would like to give credits to the writer of this article - it's perfectly written. However, I fail to see the relevance of a whole section on the Kosovo question that goes indeep to history of Kosovo (going even to the medieval ages?). --PaxEquilibrium 21:54, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Albanians have no national remains are you that wrong??--Dodona (talk) 09:56, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

References

I am adding some references. Please feel free to work more on editing based on the links I provided. Bests Aigest (talk) 16:33, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Rising up of Albanians and definition of albanian borders in declaration of independence.

Unresolved

"In 1912, with the outbreak of the First Balkan War, the Albanians rose up and declared the creation of an independent Albania, which included what are now Albania and Kosovo."

This sentence is exact copy of one text written not by historician but by expert in politics, almost 100 years after the event, and can not be used as suitable source for the text of the article.

Albanian Declaration of Independence says nothing about borders of Albania, therefore I propose to delete:

"which included what are now Albania and Kosovo".

--Antidiskriminator (talk) 14:46, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

You are actually wrong. In summer 1912 Albania was declared a unique vilayet and was inclusive of Kosovo. As such it declared its independence. Please see what regions were representing the Albanian leaders in the Albanian Declaration of Independence. --Sulmues ^(talk) 15:18, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

I am afraid that it is you who are actually wrong again. Requested by some people, but never created and established, Albanian vilayet did not include only territories that today belong to Kosovo and Albania. It included territories of four Ottoman vilayets: 1) Kosovo vilayet (that is much larger than todays Kosovo because it contained Sanjak), 2) Shkodra vilayet, 3) Monasteri vilayet and 4) Iannina vilayet. Can you please be so kind to provide inline citation from Albanian Declaration of Independence that shows what are borders of Albania that they declared to be independent country? Are they borders of geographical Albania or Albanian vilayet that was requested in summer of 1912? --Antidiskriminator (talk) 20:34, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

The Albanian unique vilayet, formed by the four prior ones, was requested in 1878 and repeatedly in May-August 1912 during the Albanian Revolt of 1912. It was never obtained by the Ottomans, although something very dark was written in an official document dated 23 August 1912 by the Ottoman government and signed by Hasan Prishtina from the Albanian side. It was a cease-the-hostilities though. The borders of Albania as declared were never delineated but they were the borders of the four vilayets as you can tell from the regions represented by the delegates to the Declaration: Such regions included Ochrid, Struga, Kosovo, Yanina, Chameria. --Sulmues ^(talk) 00:21, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Can you please give me some link that show that document with dark writting? I know that it exist and it would be useful information for reader of this article and also I would love to see it and include it in some articles I wrote. Regardless of signature of Hassan Prishtina, regions in any country and Ottoman Empire also were defined by Law voted by assembly. If Ottoman assembly changed vilayet organization of Ottoman Empire, then your logic would be correct and Albanian vilayet would be established. In that case it would be territory of Albanian villayet that was occupied by Balkan allies, not Albania. But since it was not established, the above mentioned statement in this article is completely wrong. Also, occupied territory of Ottoman empire that was planned to be territory of never established Albanian vilayet is much larger than it is showed on the map in corresponding article Serbian campaign in Albania (Balkan Wars) and occupation lasted much longer. Parts of never established Albanian vilayet are still in Serbia (Sanjak), Montenegro (Plav and Gusinje), Macedonia (western part of the country and Greece (Ianinna) therefore if your logic is going to be accepted, it should be clearly stated that Serbian, Greek, Montenegrin and Macedonian occupation of Albania still exist.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 09:35, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

I have hard copies of books of history of Albania, so I would need to scan, but sooner or later I'll write articles about the Albanian Revolts of 1910-1912. Let's not make a confusion: Sanjak, Plav and Gusinje were part of Serbia before that 23 July 1912, so that's why the Albanians gave up on those lands on 28 November 1912. The current Albanian government doesn't make any claims on Chameria, Western Macedonia or Kosovo, so the occupation of Albania is over. So seems to be claiming the Greek govt for that matter (that Albania doesn't hold a current "occupation" on Northern Epirus)--Sulmues ^(talk) 19:08, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

I look forward for scanned document with dark writing. In the meantime, I am very sorry, but I have to state I am terribly dissapointed that you dont know what was territory of Kosovo Vilayet. If territory of four Ottoman vilayet belonged to Kingdom of Serbia before First Balkan War, I doubt that there would be a war at all. All four Ottoman vilayets belonged to Ottoman Empire, of course. Sanjak of Novi Pazar was not part of Kingdom of Serbia before First Balkan War, it was part of Kosovo Vilayet. Only during FBW Montenegrin army managed to occupy Plav and Gusinje. There were people from Western Macedonia, Kosovo, Chameria, Plav, Gusinje,...that voted for Albanian Declaration of Independence and I doubt that they gave up any territories. I am afraid that if we continue to follow your logic, that there are significant parts of Albania that are still occupied by Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Greece, regardless the fact that current Albanian government did not claimed occupied territories.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 19:43, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Here is a link that claim that it is Natural Albania that was founded by Ismail Qemali on November 28, 1912. and never recognized by anyone. What about scanned documents with dark writing you Sulmues promised? --Antidiskriminator (talk) 07:52, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Antidiskriminator, this may resolve your question: . This shows the territories which were claimed by the provisional government, as well as borders proposed by France and Russia, and actual borders which were made. Dirifer (talk) 19:21, 2 June 2013 (UTC)

Allied nations?

"Balkan allies-the Serbs, Bulgarians, and Greeks.."

It is wrong to write nations instead of countries that were allied. Therefore above mentioned sentence should be changed to countries and include Montenegro. --Antidiskriminator (talk) 07:37, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Balkan without Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Jews, Aromanians, Turks, ....?

Resolved

"The 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War dealt a decisive blow to Ottoman power in the Balkan Peninsula, leaving the empire with only a precarious hold on Macedonia and the Albanian-populated lands."

In year 1878 Ottoman Empire had very big territory on the Balkan (even appart of Macedonia).

Readers could be mislead to believe that in the Balkan Peninsula territory of Ottoman Empire in 1878 outside Macedonia was populated only with Albanians, which of course is not true. Therefore I will delete second part of the sentence.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 10:22, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

1840-1912

This link shows how Genc Myftiu considers the National Awakening within the 1840-1912 period. Basically the Albanian historiography has considered the start of the National Awakening the letter of Naum Veqilharxhi or the Tanzimat reforms. Mesfushor (talk) 23:43, 9 June 2012 (UTC)

Then such view should be attributed to Albanian historiography?--Antidiskriminator (talk) 00:15, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Robert Elsie says on page 387 (and many other) of his Historical dictionary... that awakening started in 1878. AFAIK that is the mainstream view which should be presented in the article.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 00:20, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

The same with Skendi, who defines this period from 1878 to 1912 [[1]] and K. Kaser too. However, even if this period begins from the 1870s there were instances of nationalism some decades before (from the 1840s), so we can find a middle version.Alexikoua (talk) 00:40, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

The publications of the Academy of Sciences of Albania (2002) - (can't be more mainstream than that), starts with the ideological program which was crystallized in the years 1840-1870 and then was redefined with the League of Prizren. Skendi (1968) is a little outdated and followd (in the United States) Zogu era historiography. Mesfushor (talk) 00:47, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Can you give the link which clearly defines this period in Albanian history from year x to y? By the way, Skendi is accepted by the most mainstream & recent bibliography (see Kaser, Elsie).Alexikoua (talk) 07:54, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

also this doesn't mean that there were no instances of national activity prior to 1870.Alexikoua (talk) 07:56, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

I propose to stick to the sources and to leave 1870s in the lede and later in text to add information that in Albanian historiography claim that the ideological program of the Albanian National Awakening crystallized in 1840-1870.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 08:30, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

That sounds reasonable. The Albanian historiography has tried to summarize the 1840-1870 period as a period of Enlightment, which prepared to the political programs of the League of Prizren in 1878, and also as a period of rebellions (which the Template:History of Albania already contains). There are two events that are normally considered the start: Veqilharxhi's letter to his nephew, which is a sort of a program (the larva that will become a butterfly and so on), and the Convention of Mesaplik in 1847. Alexi, you can see a copy-pasted version of a textbook approved by the accademy of sciences here. Mesfushor (talk) 15:20, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

The current text of background section (which now contains information irrelevant for the topic of the article) should probably be replaced with information about 1840-1870 period and Veqilharxhi's role?--Antidiskriminator (talk) 15:49, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Yes, basically the link that I sent you says "FILLIMET E LËVIZJES KOMBËTARE" (English: Beginnings of the National Movement) and actually places it in the 1830-1870 period, so in other words, it starts right after the Massacre of the Albanian Beys. This is a complicated topic because it involves National Awakening, literature, and political ideas. The historiography isn't that brilliant and the research hasn't gone too far in the last 20 years, but there is a lot that we can still bring to the English Wikipedia. Aigest and Antidiskriminator have been incredibly hard-working for the period 1830-1920, I can't say I have given too much here. Now although Acadaemia places the beginnings in the 1830-1840 period, Dritan Egro, a young and reliable historian, has recently discovered an important document on the Convention of Berat in 1828 where independence was kind of required in 1828 by the grandfather of Ismail Qemali (see [2]). Other historians, such as Paskal Milo from Himara have frowned upon this, and don't consider the event important. I saw a discussion among them on an Albanian TV in youtube for this, but can't remember where exactly. So there is some reconciling the various sources to be done. And in general it's not the end of the world if we don't have an exact date for the beginning of the national movement, the dates cannot be set in stone, we just have to reconcile the various authors. Can we say for instance the precise year of the beginning of the Modern Greek Enlightenment? I can't tell from the article. Mesfushor (talk) 18:05, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

I think that in case of the Albanian national awakening there is a scientific consensus that it is a term used by some scholars to refer to the period 1878-1912. Precise year of the beginning is determined to be 1878, because of the Prizren league. Any event which precedes Prizren league is beginning of crystalization, background.... but not actual national movement period. Am I right? --Antidiskriminator (talk) 19:41, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

The url, still doesn't claim that the specific period starts from that year. @Mes. you tend to see the one side of the coin. The other is that "as of 1912 an Albanian national identity, had not yet formed and spread throughout the population of the newly formed state" (O' Brien 2008). What I mean is that the creation of a national identity is a slow proccess, hardly to be precisely defined from year X to Y, but mainstream international bibliography tends to accept Skendi's view.Alexikoua (talk) 19:42, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

The very first sentence of that chapter in the "History of the Albanian People" of which I brought the link above says: "Zhvillimi i lëvizjes kombëtare në vitet 30-40 të shek. XIX përkon me periudhën e reformave të para centralizuese, që filluan të ndërmerreshin në Perandorinë Osmane në vitet 30." You guys can use googlebooks and draw your own conclusions, but it seems clear to me that the translation is clearly the development of the national movement in the years 30-40 of the 19th century coincided with the period of the first centralizing reforms which were being undertaken in the Ottoman Empire in the 1830s, so if Skendi described it differently in 1968, we ought to discard that source and use a more recent one, a reputable one, which is the Albanian Academy of Sciences. In other words, the Academy of Sciences 2002 version should be mainstream Academia, not what Skendi was writing in the 1960s. Besides, Myftiu (2009) is in English and clearly says 1840-1912 ([3]), why should we still stay with Skendi (1968)? I understand that there are other, more recent English sources, which still stick with the 1878-1912 period, but I really believe that they are based on Skendi. We can reconcile the views saying something like "although historically the National Awakening has been traditionally in the 1878-1912 period", several scholars extend that period to encompass a much earlier beginning, including the upheavals, the arbereshe writings, the translation of the Bible from Kristoforidhi, the Albanian writings and magazines" and what not. Mesfushor (talk) 00:28, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

@Mesfushor (does your username has any specific meaning?) thank you for your long explanation. Yes, some Albanian historians obviously extend period of Albanian national awakening much earlier than 1878. No, Albanian historiography is far from being "mainstream". Even the most famous Albanophiles like Robert Elsie emphasize that there is still no reliable and objective historiography in Albania. I think that the view of Albanian historiography can be presented later in the text of the article and carefully presented and attributed to Albanian historiography not as mainstream view.--Antidiskriminator (talk) 07:44, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

That's Elsie's opinion and it may also be true, however these generalizations are a little far fetched, as some say the same for the Serb historians, who according to some sources write the history as a religious epic of the battle between good and evil or call the Roman Catholic Church as the chief carrier of hatred and inspirer of the idea of genocide against the Serb people. Both you and I know that these two statements are partially true, but both you and I know that there are also excellent Serbian and Albanian historians as well, and we cannot trash them all because someone threw them under the bus. We try to find English sources here in Wikipedia, but if the English sources are insufficient, then we go to Serbian and Albanian sources, and there is nothing wrong with it. If they disagree, we do some reconciling work. Looking for "mainstream historians" may be a daunting, even impossible task, as we may not have a majority of historians agreeing on a certain topic. In general I disagree that the Albanian historiography be presented later, that would be an insult to reliable Albanian historians, who spend way more time than English speaking historians, who mostly rely on the work of the Albanian historians and then draw certain conclusions based on their knowledge of the entire area of the Balkans. In other words, in general they may seem more detached and reliable, but that doesn't mean their scholarship is superior.

"Mesfushor" means "midfielder". Mesfushor (talk) 14:42, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

@Mes.: Your argument is still poorly supported: instances of national revival doesn't mean that this period is labelled as such in historiography. Thus, the Albanian Academy doesn't support this opinion either. On the other hand a quick search is in complete aggrement with Skendi. [[4]] Die albanischen Muslime zur Zeit der nationalen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung (1878-1912), [[5]].Alexikoua (talk) 19:26, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Albanian National Awakening

I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Albanian National Awakening's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "zhel":

• From Albanian Revolt of 1912: Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albania and Albanian Identities". International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2011. In December 1911, a group of Albanian members of the Ottoman parliament, guided by Ismail Qemal, started a parliamentary debate in order to make Constantinople grant the Albanians national rights in the cultural and administrative spheres.
• From Albanian Declaration of Independence: Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albania and Albanian Identities". International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011. calling together an all-Albanian congress. On 28 November 1912, delegates from all over the country gathered in Vlora
• From All-Albanian Congress: Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albania and Albanian Identities". International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011. calling together an all-Albanian congress. On 28 November 1912, delegates from all over the country gathered in Vlora

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT⚡ 13:06, 16 June 2016 (UTC)

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Date for Veqilharxhi is wrong

The article currently says htat Veqilharxhi published his famous treatise in 1884-1885. Obviously this is false -- he died 30 years before that. In fact he published it in the 1844-1845-- and historians (Selim Islami, Zhelyazkova, etc...) consider it the "first written work" of Albanian (linguistic?) nationalism ( I'm sure Elsie would protest this). But if I correct this it will interfere with the entire narrative of the section, which (erroneously) treats it as if he was defying his patriarch, and the contradiction is present even in the text as even there it's clear that it can't be true due to the (wrong) dates : " 1886 the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople threatened to excommunicate anyone found reading or writing Albanian, and priests taught that God would not understand prayers uttered in Albanian.[30] In 1884-5 however, Albanian intellectual Naum Veqilharxhi published his work Evëtori Shqip Fort i Shkurtër (English: The short Albanian Evëtor) which was an alphabet that included thirty three letters which were invented by himself.[31]" This has gotta be fixed in a more comprehensive way that probably involves a minor rewrite of the section. --Yalens (talk) 22:21, 12 July 2017 (UTC)

POV and PEACOCK

It's obvious that not "all" Albanian revolts during the entire Ottoman period were independence attempts. For example the revolts by Albanian warlords of 1430s or the Gjioleka rebellion of 1830s are far from being titled independence movements. Also, Kressing & Kaser shouldn't be hidden by such dubious statements. Alexikoua (talk) 22:10, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

You and your bombastic claims about other editors getting involved in POV conspiracies are boring. The article did not say that all revolts were for independence. Do you have sources to refute that independence revolts did happen during the entire Ottoman period? That is sth other than all revolts were for independence. Ktrimi991 (talk) 22:25, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

On Kressing and Kaser, AFAIK, it was not me who added or modified that content. It is one POV, so:

• • 1. Because of religious ties of the Albanian majority of the population with the ruling Ottomans and the lack of an Albanian state in past, nationalism less developed among Albanians in the 19th century compared to other southeast European nations.
  • 2. According to one view, because of religious ties of the Albanian majority of the population with the ruling Ottomans and the lack of an Albanian state in past, nationalism less developed among Albanians in the 19th century compared to other southeast European nations such Greeks and Serbs. Ktrimi991 (talk) 22:40, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

I recall that's not the first time you are into wp:NPA. I assume you are not against the correct presentation of Kressing & Kaser's their work states about the "great delay in Albanian nationalism compared to Serbs and Greeks". I don't see any issue on this.Alexikoua (talk) 22:44, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

You might recall many things, anyways, accusations aside, I modified the sentence so it is in line with the source and the flow of the article. Ktrimi991 (talk) 22:56, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

The article is better than it was before this small dispute. Cheers, Ktrimi991 (talk) 23:00, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

Sure, though the obstacles for the delayed formation of the rilindja deserve some additional info, maybe something like: "To understand the difficulty with forming an Albanian national identity in the late 19th century one must first examine the diversity within the population. These cultural, linguistic, and religious differences prevented national movement leaders to unite Albanians behind a national identity."Alexikoua (talk) 23:08, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

There are several sentences that indicate problems due to diversity:
1.The son of one merchant family, Naum Veqilharxhi, started his work to write an alphabet intended to help Albanians overcome religious and political issues in 1824 or 1825
2.His work facilitated the difussion of national awareness based on the unity of kin, identity of language and traditions,
3.the Rilindja emerged in the 1870s, because of religious ties of the Albanian majority of the population with the ruling Ottomans and the lack of an Albanian state in past
4.Other representatives, under Frashëri's leadership, focused on working toward Albanian autonomy and creating a sense of Albanian identity that would cut across religious and tribal lines.

Furthermore, as stated on the article, that the Rilindja was delayed is one of the several theories. Ktrimi991 (talk) 23:20, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

The specific indication are still poorly presented (only some sporadic examples here and there as you claim). They are poorly presented and need a separate section.Alexikoua (talk) 23:38, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

That the Rilindja was delayed is one of the theories. If you want to create a section, you should present reasons why the Rilindja was not delayed too. Do you have sources for all theories? Ktrimi991 (talk) 23:44, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

I've said that there were obstacles and need to be addressed. The current article offers only the opposite theory: how a national movement evolved from the early 19th century. Needles to say that Ali Pasha's movement was irrelevant with nationalism. Also note that there are other theories which claim that a widespread national identity was formed after independence.Alexikoua (talk) 23:49, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

The article says that the fall of Ali Pasha caused reaction among Albanian intellectuals. The article does not show only one view, it shows many, why do you think the opposite? The national identity is not the topic of this article, and there is no elaboration on it there. Ktrimi991 (talk) 23:55, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

Another major aspect that caused the rise of nationalism was the fear of Ottoman partition: "Albanian nationalism emerged only in 1878 and was the direct result of a fear of partition in the wake of the Russo-Turkish War".Alexikoua (talk) 00:07, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

The Rise of Nationalism section says that The 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War dealt a decisive blow to Ottoman power in the Balkan Peninsula. The Albanians' fear that the lands they inhabited would be partitioned among Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece fueled the rise of the Albanian national movement. Ktrimi991 (talk) 00:11, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Compared to the fear of partition "Albanian nationalism does not originate principally as a necessary result of the desire for liberation from Turkish domination, ".Alexikoua (talk) 00:15, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

I do not understand. What changes are you suggesting? The quote elaborates on the Albanian nationalism, not the Rilindja. You may add that content to Albanian Nationalism. Ktrimi991 (talk) 00:23, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Fatos Lubonja explains that the national movement emerged primarily as a result of fear to the partition of the Ottoman Empire (1878) and not as a liberation against Turkish rule. I'm afraid that this needs to be addressed. Alexikoua (talk) 00:32, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Who is Fatos Lubonja? Is he a historian? Does anyone else support his claims? Anyways, Lubonja refers to Albanian nationalism, not the Rilindja. The Rilindja was a national movement, and as such it was unquestionably connected with a desire for independence. Nationalism is sth else, and you might add that content to Albanian Nationalism. Ktrimi991 (talk) 00:41, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Lubonja is not a historian, and as the source that @Alexikoua presents notes him to be a writer and journalist p. xiv. [6]. On pre 1878, the national awakening is a bit different from nationalism per se. Pre 1878, its was mainly limited to some Albanian intellectuals and their writings like Naum Veqilharxhi, Konstantin Kristoforidhi focusing on language preservation and of course Sami Frasheri with his Besa play on love of country etc. Some additions and rewrite may be needed. I would say that the 1831–1878 section needs to be contracted to a sentence or two to give geopolitical context and then incorporated into the Early revolts and beginnings of Nationalism section.Resnjari (talk) 03:19, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Lubinja's paper meets both wp:ACADEMIC and wp:SECONDARY & edited by top graded experts on the subject (Fisher etc.), he is a well established in social-political issues. Maybe his fault was that he was jailed during the totalitarian regime in P.R. of Albania. You are welcome to take him to wp:RSN, though I believe that some other "historians" (those one collaborated&awarded by the PRofA) have better changes to vanish from wikipedia.Alexikoua (talk) 12:08, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Its Lubonja, not "Lubinja". I am not here to discuss Lubonja's imprisonment by the communists or views of Albanian academics from Albania. As you are well aware i use Western academics and there is plenty of those for these kinds of things. As said before Lubonja refers to Albanian nationalism and this article is about the Albanian national awakening. Two different and yet at certain points simultaneously intertwined things, however the Rilindja has a different time frame to the nationalism one. Also i withdraw my previous comment about the 1831–1878 section. There is Elsie who links events as stimulating the eventual national awakening (p. 65. [7]). Some citations would do good for that section.Resnjari (talk) 12:39, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Alexikoua, WP:Drop the stick. @Resnjari: I think that the Background section should be deleted. It does not give any real background to the Rilindja. @Kalinthos:, you have written content on the Rilindja, what do you think? Ktrimi991 (talk) 12:36, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

The Literary Revival section needs some additional content, the 1910, 1911, 1912 revolts some flow improvememts and the Background section should be deleted or some modifications. Ktrimi991 (talk) 13:08, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

I am in complete agreement with Ktrimi here. Just because you can find a paper by Lubonja of someone else saying that Albanian nationalism "only started because of fear of partition in the Eastern Crisis" doesn't invalidate the loads of RS that have different views. Some people may focus on that, others will point out that an ideology that rejected Ottomanism was already in place with adherents ready to strike when crisis hit in 1877-8. When the League first convened it seemed as if the show was going to be run by the "Committee of Real Muslims", dominated by old Sunni elites who probably never worked a day in their lives and wanted a coalition of Albanian Muslims and Bosnian Muslims to defend West Ottoman lands from partition. But the rug was pulled out from under their feet by a coalition of "Radicals" led by the trio of Frasheri, Vreto and Vasa, who advocated not the defense of Ottomanism, but the defense of a multifaith Albania that needed not only weapons for her defense but also letters. This ideology was already developed and it echoed earlier ideological works by Mitko, Veqilharxhi and so on. Ktrimi has produced RS sources, yes, saying these views that influenced early rilindas were shaped by Italian unification and the ideologies emanating from the French revolution. 1878 under this viee was still pivotal as after thay it gained a new sense of urgency and because that was the point when the Sunni elites started cautiously embracing it (Bektashis already had but after this it became an article of faith with tekkes becoming "nationalist lodges"). In any case the trajectory of Albanians is clearly quite different from that of Bosniaks, Kurds or Laz. And NPOV means discussing all views not adopting one. Luckily for us there are scholarly papers like that from Jonilda Rrapaj which literally discuss and contrast these different views allowing us to do so without any fear of SYNTH-- which is exactly what the page now does. -- Calthinus (talk) 13:49, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

But guys, @Alexikoua is still way off the mark because this page is about the Albanian national awakening which predates Albanian nationalism by some decades and ceases by 1912. While Albanian nationalism has its origins in the early you awakening process and fully emerges in 1878 while still being around today. Question to @Alexikoua. Have you done a lot of reading on these topics or just done a quick google search?Resnjari (talk) 13:58, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

This ACADEMIC paper by F. Loubonja (who is negatively portrayed by some Albanian nationalislist per local media) is titled: "Rilindja (Albanian Renaisance)" no wonder its relevant to this article since it bears the same name. I assume you need some decent arguments to remove this kind of statements by an Albanian signatory of the declaration of Independence. After all its part of the myth of the Albanian Rilindja (i.e. this article) and supported by RS.Alexikoua (talk) 14:04, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

No one is trying to exclude him entirely. What you are trying to do is give him undue precedence, on top of loads of RS including people like Rrapaj who specialize in the topic, unlike Lubonja who is like Albanian Chomsky and might not sleep given how many different topics he publishes on. Rrapaj is a political scientist at a prestigious institution who specializes in Albanian nationalism .[[8]].--- Calthinus (talk) 14:06, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

@Alexikoua Its Lubonja, not "Loubonja". WP:Drop the stick. Ktrimi991 (talk) 14:11, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

I would say that he is one of the best we have in here, compared for example to historian that were promoted by the PRA era. In general if an author is negatively portrayed by Albanian nationalist media this isn't an argument to be excluded in wikipedia.Alexikoua (talk) 14:16, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Nobody is arguing that Alexi. I know this talk page is long but read above. Portrayal in the "Albanian nationalist media" is no one's argument. You are trying to give him precedence over topic experts with degrees and careers based around it. In no world is that acceptable.-- Calthinus (talk) 14:19, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

@Alexikoua, your comment shows you have not even read the article since your still going on about one source on nationalism that is not in contraditciton to other sources. Lubonja refers to the start of nationalism during the eastern crisis, but not it being the star of the national awakening. You do know there is a difference between the two? Plus much of the article's citations are to George Gawrych and Stavro Skendi who are Western based historians and have never worked for any communist regime. Also what are on about "Albanian nationalist media"? At least use evidence before throwing expressions like that which carry certain connotations.Resnjari (talk) 14:27, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Resnjari you still need to read this paper in order to avoid wrong coclusion and no wonder it IS titlled "Rilindja" and the author offers important details about this movement (and partially myth) which is also the title of the article. No need to get rid of RS such as this one. In case you have a problem about the so-called "Albanian Chomsky" that's not wiki's problem. There is always RSN for such disagreements.Alexikoua (talk) 14:31, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

I've read the paper, that whole book too more times that i can recite parts of it by memory. Yes i know part of the chapter is titled Rilindja. You seem to ignore that the bit you are focusing on refers to Albanian nationalism which is refered to in the article. This article is titled Albanian national awakening. There is a difference between the two. I get the feeling you think they are one and the same going by your comments. Especially as you go on about one source. On myth, those start in 1878 onward when Albanians start developing nationalism and importing Greek-Arvanite pseudoscience propaganda about Pelasgian "origins", something that has lingered and been recycled post 1992 from once again Arvanite pseudoscience propaganda. We can have this discussion at length if you so wish.Resnjari (talk) 14:42, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Fear of partition and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire was the major factor that triggered this movement [[9]] This article offers the wrong impression that this was a liberation struggle against Ottoman rule especially if someone reads the background section.Alexikoua (talk) 14:50, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

The source says "Albanian nationalism". Even in the case of Albanian nationalism, it is one of many theories. Moreover, the source does not say that Albanian nationalism was not a liberation thing, it says it emerged due to partition fears. Ktrimi991 (talk) 14:57, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

@Alexikoua, that has to do with Albanian nationalism on 1878 (and has been covered). This article is about the Albanian national awakening i.e works about sets of ideas about language preservation and codification along with latter instances love of country (patriotism) that emerge pre 1878. If both things where exactly the same this article would not exist and only the Albanian nationalism one would. Geez were going around in circles. By reciting this over and over agai what are you wanting? The deletion of this article? What?Resnjari (talk) 15:00, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

The article didn't mention some basic facts about the social, religious, linguistic obstacles faced during this process. If you have run out of arguments I can help you on that.Alexikoua (talk) 15:06, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Nah, it is you who ran out of arguments and changed the topic of this discussion again. The article mentions those "obstacles", read the part on Veqilharxhi, the League of Prizren etc. The length of this discussion and its lack of productivity are making me wonder whether an admin should have a look at this. Ktrimi991 (talk) 15:12, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

@Alexikoua, i wrote the bulk of the article on Albanian nationalism. But since you refer to an absence of "basic facts about social, religious, linguistic obstacles faced during this process" one of those was Hellenisation of Orthodox Albanians. Are you referring to that because many of the Rilindja participants referred to that over and over again being a big issue (and them doing so is cited in wp:secondary)?Resnjari (talk) 15:33, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

There were many obstacles including religious rivalries, regional rivalries, class rivalries, lack of literacy, isolatedness et cetera and I am working on writing text to handle these. Some were overcome (religious, illiteracy), some partially (regional, linguistic), others weren't and persisted (class rivalries, i.e. an alliance of the descendants of the landed elite allied with Gheg mountaineers against the heirs of the 19th century progressive mercantile intellectual class allied with landless Tosk peasants who wanted to smash said landlords mapped onto Noli vs Zogu and even nowadays partly maps onto PS vs PD).-- Calthinus (talk) 17:08, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

Exactly they need to be addressed else the current version gives a wrong impression that the delayed (20th century) independence declaration occurred as a result of stubborn Ottoman oppressive measures. It's sad that Ktrimi still displays and excessive wp:OWN pattern on this issue.Alexikoua (talk) 10:38, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

To that must be added the matter of hellenisation of Orthodox Albanians. The Rilindjas mentioned that quite a lot in their works and its covered extensively in wp:secondary meeting wiki requirements (and no not sources from Albania, but scholarship from countries in the EU and the Americas).Resnjari (talk) 11:23, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

Alexi, since Tiimiii's request I have been working on it. It will happen. @Resnjari: well how much of an obstacle that was to the trajectory is going to be a thing that you are likely to disagree with most others about (much less "Hellenization of Orthodox Albanians" and more "suppression of Albanian literacy due to Greek cultural domination" similar to what Bulgarians experienced, imo). It makes little sense to mention that and not the loads of RS discussing the hostility of much of the Sunni population toward Albanian nationalism and their adherence to an Ottoman identity hostile to separatist nationalism during the 19th century and even the early 20th century, a factor that likely had a much greater effect in delaying Albanian independence given their numerical and political weight. I would argue it's both or none on this page. -- Calthinus (talk) 16:10, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

Having read a lot on the Rilindjas (and added content on them in many wiki articles), the hellenisation of Orthodox Albanians was a extensive topic of focus their works like Ibrahim Temo, Sami Frasheri etc who called on Orthodox Albanians to form their own church and conduct liturgy in Albanian and not Greek. How much should be mentioned about that is another thing, but it certainly was a sizable motivator for the Rilindjas in the awakening process of the time. I thought its reasonable as @Alexikoua brought up similar issues.Resnjari (talk) 08:19, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

There were social, cultural, religious and linguistic obstacles. For example the decision to adapt a common alhabet was part of this proccess, or the social diference between north and south. Greek education greatly accelarated the Albanian national awakening that's a good addition.Alexikoua (talk) 11:18, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

Yes, yes all that existed, but since this is an article about the Albanian national awakening some sentences on the Rilindjas' concerns and things (Albanian schools and official recongistion of Albanian identity by the empire) they advocated for ought to be mentioned. And as i said before, the issue of the Hellenisation of Orthodox Albanian dominated the works of many of the Rilindjas who called for a separate Albanian church and Albanian language education. Also within that scope the Orthodox church's Patriarchate of Constantinople's opposition (also via its Greek clergy and priests) to the Albanian national awakening and certain Rilindjas participants needs to be covered as well. Any adds would need to add this very important matter in the article if any additions of the sort your referring to are to be made.Resnjari (talk) 14:36, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

One interesting point that has not been mentioned here is that Midhat Frashëri, the son of Abdyl Frashëri and an very important National Awakening activist himself who took part in the Congress of Manastir, wrote in 1903 (so before the independence) that the League was undoutebly a pan-Albanian organisation and that the autonomy demand was the result of the conditions, but that the end-goal would be independence. He specifically mentions how Abdyl Frashëri and Mehmet Ali Vrioni (both very important members of the League) mentioned to a French delegation that independence was their final their goal. As for the leagues failure he blames religious division without from all sides. Vargmali (talk) 14:18, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

@Alexi: I have sources specifically discussing the role of Greek education, including its role in spreading literacy, the rationalist and romanticist ideas of the Enlightenment, and ironically nationalism. The Greek schools taught Greek nationalism but Albanian students revolted, applied the same arguments that their teachers had taught them for Albanian rights despite Greek and Turkish cultural hegemony instead of for Greek rights despite simply Turkish hegemony (i.e. like in Bulgaria). At the same time the result was a lot of cross-fertilization such that Albanian nationalism still resembles Greek nationalism in its veneration of antiquity, emphasis on education and literacy, et cetera. It's down on the list.

@Resnjari: I think the discussion of Orthodox issues is relevant in certain aspects but not others -- resistance to and suppression of education and worship in Albanian by the Patriarchate and the Ottoman state acting in concert is a significant factor that rilindas fought against, as is the issue of "religious divisions" in general. What I don't think is good is the possibility of discussing the "Hellenization of the Orthodox" and of itself as a factor as this is pretty dubious. I don't think what Temo writes should have much weight on this discussion -- if it did we would have to similarly consider Konica's fears that the "non-Albanian" muhaxhiret were a Turcophile threat and fifth column, or Mehdi Frasheri's spicy commentary including "me gojën plot se problemi i Shqipërisë është islamizmi" or et cetera. Actually if we observed this standard for everything it might not be long before pages about nationalist movements discussed writers' comments about toilet modernization and pooping culture :). It also makes little sense to me to single out the Orthodox, while having zero discussion of somewhat similar divisions among the Sunni populace with regards to the nationalist movement. Personally I prefer these discussions to be embedded in sections about general religious division problems, not a special section that looks like it is singling one group out. Calthinus (talk) 14:56, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

Resnjari and Kalinthos, I oppose creation of a section dedicated to "obstacles" as proposed by Alexikoua in the beginning of this discussion. New content added to the actual sections would be great, given they are in line with WP:Undue and WP:NPOV and take into consideration that some issues related to religion and Greek collaboration with Turks against Albanian identity are already elabotated on the article. Ktrimi991 (talk) 15:15, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

Actually i agree with your point @Ktrimi, but I'm just saying that if Alexikoua goes ahead and adds that kind of thing here, i'll be left with no choice but to add to balence out the article with much detail on the Rilindjas and their concerns regarding the Hellenisation of Orthodox Albanians (it was a very big topic for them with Temo and the Frasheris being but a few of many and its covered extensively in wp:secondary) and the many obstacles (some via violence) perpetrated by the Greek Orthodox church and its head the Constantinople Patriarchate operating out of 19th and early 20th century Istanbul.Resnjari (talk) 10:11, 3 July 2018 (UTC)

References