Timeline of Warsaw
| History of Poland |
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The following is a timeline of the history of Warsaw in Poland.
Prior to 19th century
[edit]- 1390 - St. John's Cathedral construction begins.
- 1413 - Duke Janusz I of Warsaw from the Piast dynasty confirmed and extended the city rights of the Warsaw Old Town.[1]
- 1529 - Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland held in Warsaw.[2]
- 1534 - Paper mill established.[3]
- 1556–1557 - Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland held in Warsaw.[4]
- 1563–1564 - Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland held in Warsaw.[5]
- 1566 - Polish diet relocated to Warsaw from Kraków.[6]
- 1573
- 28 January: Warsaw Confederation signed.
- Sigismund Augustus Bridge built.
- 1575 - Royal elections in Poland begin in nearby Wola.[7]
- 1578 - George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach paid homage to King of Poland Stephen Báthory.[8]
- 1580 - Old City Hall, Warsaw rebuilt.
- 1596 - Polish royal court relocated to Warsaw from Kraków by Sigismund III Vasa.
- 1603 - Sigismund Augustus Bridge collapses.
- 1611
- 29 October: Shuysky Tribute.
- 16 November: John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg paid homage to King of Poland Sigismund III Vasa.[9]
- 1619 - Royal Castle rebuilt.
- 1621 - George William, Elector of Brandenburg paid homage to King of Poland Sigismund III Vasa.
- 1641 - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg paid homage to King of Poland Władysław IV Vasa.[10]
- 1643 - Warsaw Arsenal built.
- 1644 - Sigismund's Column erected in Castle Square.
- 1647 - Benefiting from Poland's tolerance, Valerianus Magnus publicly performed a vacuum experiment (Torricelli's experiment), which contradicted official European science.
- 1648 - "Flying Dragon" ornithopter of Tito Livio Burattini took to the air.
- 1655 - City besieged by Swedish forces.[11]
- 1656 - July: Battle of Warsaw (1656).[6]
- 1664 - Burattini set up an astronomical observatory in Ujazdów.
- 1689 - Warsaw becomes capital of Poland.[6]
- 1702 - City taken by Swedes.[7]
- 1727 - Saxon Garden opens.
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- 1747 - Załuski Library founded.
- 1764 - City taken by Russians.[7]
- 1775 - Polish 6th Infantry Regiment stationed in Warsaw.[12]
- 1780 - Polish 3rd Infantry Regiment stationed in Warsaw.[13]
- 1785 - Jabłonowski Palace built.
- 1786 - Królikarnia completed.
- 1788 - Lazienki gardens laid out.[7]
- 1789 - Polish 11th Infantry Regiment stationed in Warsaw.[14]
- 1790
- 1st Artillery Brigade of the Polish Crown Army formed and garrisoned in Warsaw.[15]
- 11th Infantry Regiment relocated from Warsaw to Gniezno.[14]
- 1791 - Praga becomes part of city.
- 1792
- Polish 9th Infantry Regiment relocated from Łowicz to Warsaw.[14]
- 11th Infantry Regiment relocated from Gniezno back to Warsaw.[14]
- 12 June: Polish 15th Infantry Regiment formed and stationed in Warsaw.[16]
- October: 9th Infantry Regiment relocated from Warsaw to Poznań.[14]
- Tyszkiewicz Palace completed.
- 1794
- Polish 16th, 17th, 19th and 20th Infantry Regiments formed and stationed in Warsaw.[17]
- Polish 1st Vanguard Regiment stationed in Warsaw.[18]
- 17 April: Warsaw Uprising (1794) begins.
- 4 November: Battle of Praga; city taken by Russians.[7]
- 1795 - City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland.[7]
19th century
[edit]- 1804 - Warsaw Lyceum (school) established.
- 1806
- 1807 - City becomes capital of Duchy of Warsaw.[7]
- 1809 - April–June: Austrians in power.[7]
- 1810 - Music School established.
- 1813 - 8 February: Russians in power.[7]
- 1815 - City becomes capital of Kingdom of Poland being in a personal union with the Russian Empire.
- 1816 - University of Warsaw established.[7]
- 1817 - Warsaw Mercantile Exchange established.
- 1819 - Museum and Institute of Zoology established.
- 1830
- Nicolaus Copernicus Monument unveiled.
- November Uprising (1830–31); Polish–Russian War 1830–31.
- 1831 - September: Battle of Warsaw (1831).[6]
- 1833 - Grand Theatre opens.
- 1845 - Warsaw–Vienna railway begins operating.
- 1857 - Hotel Europejski in business.
- 1860
- Krasiński Library opens.[21]
- Zachęta (art society) founded.
- Population: 161,008.[7]
- 1862
- Szkoła Główna Warszawska (school)[22] and Museum of Fine Arts established.
- Ha-Tsefirah newspaper begins publication.[22]
- 1863 - January Uprising.[7]
- 1865 - Alexander Bridge built.[7]
- 1866 - Horsecar tram begins operating.
- 1869 - Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene built in Praga.
- 1872 - Population: 276,000.[7]
- 1875 - Sokrates Starynkiewicz becomes mayor.
- 1878 - Great Synagogue built on Tłomackie Street.[23]
- 1880 - Evangelical Reformed Parish church built.
- 1882 - Population: 406,261.[24]
- 1887 - Population: 436,750.[7]
- 1897 - Population: 624,189.
- 1898
- University of Technology opens.
- 24 December: Adam Mickiewicz Monument unveiled.
20th century
[edit]1900s–1939
[edit]
- 1901
- Warsaw Philharmonic founded.
- Hotel Bristol in business.
- Population: 756,426.[7]
- 1905 - Unrest. See also Alfonse Pogrom. [7]
- 1906 - Yidishes tageblat newspaper begins publication.[22]
- 1907 - Electric streetlights installed.[25]
- 1908
- 1911 - Polonia Warsaw football club (future multi-sports club) founded.
- 1913
- Hotel Polonia Palace in business.
- Aleksander Kakowski becomes Catholic archbishop.
- Polish Theatre in Warsaw opens.
- 1914 - Poniatowski Bridge built.
- 1916
- Wola becomes part of city.
- National Museum active.
- 1917 - Office for the Regulation and Building of the City established.[27]
- 1919 - 4–5 January: 1919 Polish coup attempt.
- 1920 - August: Battle of Warsaw (1920).
- 1921
- KS Warszawianka football club (future multi-sports club) founded.
- Population: 936,713.
- 1922 - 17 March: Warsaw Accord signed.
- 1924 - Blok (magazine) begins publication.[28]
- 1925 - Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw established at Piłsudski Square.
- 1926
- 12–14 May: May Coup (Poland).[29]
- 14 November: Frederic Chopin Monument unveiled.
- 1927
- AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish ice hockey championship.
- International Chopin Piano Competition begins.
- 1928 - Arsenal Synagogue opens.
- 1929
- 12 October: Warsaw Convention signed.
- AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish women's volleyball championship.
- 1930
- Instytut Propagandy Sztuki (art entity) founded.[28]
- AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- 1931 - Warsaw Railway Museum established.
- 1933
- Legia Warsaw wins its first Polish ice hockey championship.
- Warsaw Cross-City Line (railway) begins operating.
- 1934
- Polonia Warsaw wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- Warsaw hosts the 1934 World Fencing Championships.
- 1935
- August: Warsaw hosts the 6th Chess Olympiad.
- 2 November: Hungarian Cultural Institute opened.[30]
- 1936 - Museum of Warsaw established.
- 1937 - Polonia Warsaw wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- 1938
- Kino Femina (cinema) opens.
- Coat of arms of Warsaw redesign adopted.
World War II (1939–1945)
[edit]
- 1939
- 1 September: Bombing of Warsaw in World War II by German forces begins.
- 8–28 September: Siege of Warsaw (1939) by German forces.
- 27 September: German occupation begins.[29][31]
- 1 October: The Einsatzgruppe IV Nazi paramilitary death squad entered the city.[32]
- 26 October: Polish Secret Teaching Organization founded.
- 26–27 December: Wawer massacre perpetrated by the Germans.
- October 1939–February 1940: Mass arrests and executions of Poles carried out by the Germans in various parts of Warsaw and in the Kabaty Woods and Palmiry during the genocidal Intelligenzaktion campaign.[33]
- 1940
- Spring–summer: Second wave of mass arrests, roundups, deportations to concentration camps and executions of Poles carried out by the Germans during the AB-Aktion.[34]
- 16 October: Jewish Warsaw Ghetto established by Germans.
- 1941 - Another wave of mass arrests, deportations to concentration camps and executions of Poles carried out by the Germans.[35]
- 1942
- July: German Grossaktion Warsaw (1942) begins.
- Pabst Plan created.
- 1943 - April–May: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
- 1944
- Subcamp of the Oflag 73 prisoner-of-war camp for officers established by the Germans in Praga.[36]
- 27 July: German Festung Warschau established.
- August–October: Warsaw Uprising against German occupation.[37]
- 1 August: Execution at Powązkowska Street perpetrated by the Germans.
- 2 August: Massacres in the Jesuit monastery on Rakowiecka Street and in the Mokotów prison perpetrated by the Germans.
- 3 August: Massacre at 111 Marszałkowska Street perpetrated by the Germans.
- 3–4 August: Massacre at Bracka Street perpetrated by the Germans.
- 4–25 August: Ochota massacre perpetrated by the Germans.
- 5–12 August: Wola massacre perpetrated by the Germans.
- August–September: Suppression of Mokotów by the Germans.
- 21 August: Mass murder on Dzika street perpetrated by the Germans.
- Mass expulsion of Poles from Warsaw.
- Germans conduct planned destruction of Warsaw.
- Życie Warszawy newspaper begins publication.[38]
- 1945
- January: Soviet forces take city; German occupation ends.[29]
- 14 February: Biuro Odbudowy Stolicy (city reconstruction bureau) established.
1945–1990s
[edit]- 1946
- Polonia Warsaw wins its first Polish football championship.
- Społem Warsaw wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- 1947 - AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
- 1948
- Stefan Wyszyński becomes Catholic archbishop.
- PKM Warsaw wins its first Team Speedway Polish Championship.
- Spójnia Warsaw wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
- 1949 - Six-Year Plan for the Reconstruction of Warsaw created.[39]
- 1950 - Adam Mickiewicz Museum of Literature established.
- 1951 - Białołęka, Okęcie, Wilanów, and Włochy become part of city.[29][40]
- 1952 - 22 July: Constitution Square inaugurated.[39]
- 1953 - Old Town Market Place restored.[39]
- 1954 - Fryderyk Chopin Museum established.
- 1955
- 10th-Anniversary Stadium opens.
- Crooked Circle Club active.[41]
- Palace of Culture and Science built.
- International Warsaw Pact military alliance headquartered in city.
- Legia Warsaw wins its first Polish football championship.
- 1956
- Legia Warsaw wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
- Poles demonstrate solidarity with the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, massively bring aid to the Hungarian Cultural Institute, organize fundraising for Hungarians (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[30]
- 1957 - AZS Warsaw wins its first Polish rugby championship.
- 1959
- Polonia Warsaw wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
- Kampinos National Park created near city.
- 1961
- Warsaw Chamber Opera founded.
- Legia Warsaw wins its first Polish women's volleyball championship.
- 1962 - Legia Warsaw wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
- 1963 - St. John's Cathedral rebuilt.
- 1964
- 20 July: Monument to the Heroes of Warsaw unveiled.
- Skra Warsaw wins its first Polish rugby championship.
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- 1965
- September: City co-hosts the 1965 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup.
- Population: 1,252,558.
- 1966 - Foksal Gallery of art opens.[41]
- 1967
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Museum opened.
- Jerzy Majewski becomes mayor.
- 1973 - Nusantara Archipelago Museum established.
- 1974
- Łazienkowski Bridge opens.
- Hotel Forum built on Marszałkowska Street.
- Ujazdów Castle rebuilt.
- 1975
- Warszawa Centralna railway station opens.
- Intraco I hi-rise built
- 1978
- Museum of Caricature established.
- Intraco II hi-rise built.
- 1979
- 15 February: 1979 Warsaw gas explosion.
- June: Catholic pope John Paul II visits city.
- 1980 - Population: 1,596,073.
- 1981 - Józef Glemp becomes Catholic archbishop.
- 1983
- Romuald Traugutt Philharmonic established.[42]
- Warsaw hosts the International Congress of Mathematicians.
- 1 October: Mały Powstaniec monument unveiled.
- 1985 - Antonina Leśniewska Museum of Pharmacy established.
- 1987 - Warsaw hosts the 1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
- 1989
- 4 April: Polish Round Table Agreement signed in Warsaw.[31]
- Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper begins publication.[38]
- Marriott hi-rise built.
- 1 August: Warsaw Uprising Monument unveiled.
- Monument of Jews and Poles Common Martyrdom unveiled.
- 1991 - Warsaw Stock Exchange reestablished.
- 1992 - Public Transport Authority established.
- 1993 - Katyń Museum established.
- 1994
- 1995
- Warsaw Metro begins operating.
- May: Warsaw hosts the 1995 European Weightlifting Championships.
- 14 August: Józef Piłsudski Monument unveiled.
- 17 September: Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East unveiled.
- 1996 - Sister city relationship established with San Diego, USA.[43]
- 1997
- Centrum Handlowe Targówek (shopping centre) opens.
- March: Warsaw hosts the 1997 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships.
- May: Warsaw co-hosts the 1997 European Wrestling Championships.
- 1998
- Centrum metro station opens.
- Warsaw Financial Center built.
- 1999
- City becomes capital of the Masovian Voivodeship.
- 10 June: Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army unveiled.
- Warsaw Trade Tower built.
- 2000 - Świętokrzyski Bridge and Cinema City Sadyba[44] open.
21st century
[edit]- 2001
- 2002
- Wesoła becomes part of city.
- Siekierkowski Bridge opens.
- Bęc Zmiana New Culture Foundation established.[45]
- November: Warsaw hosts the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships.
- 2003
- March: Warsaw hosts the 2003 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships.
- InterContinental Warsaw skyscraper built.
- 2005
- 29 April: Museum of Modern Art established.
- 1 June: Copernicus Science Centre established.
- 2006
- Janusz Korczak Monument unveiled.
- Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz becomes mayor.
- Rondo 1 skyscraper built.
- 2007
- January: Warsaw hosts the 2007 European Figure Skating Championships.
- 11 May: Monument to Georgian officers of the Polish Army who lost their lives in the Katyn massacre, in the Warsaw Uprising and on many fronts of World War II unveiled (see also Georgia–Poland relations).[46]
- 14 June: Nove Kino Praha (cinema) in business.
- December: Warsaw hosts the 2007 European Judo Open Championships.
- 2009 – Warsaw co-hosts the EuroBasket 2009.
- 2010 – 16 November: Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument unveiled.
- 2012
- National Stadium opens.
- Warsaw co-hosts the UEFA Euro 2012.
- 2013
- 13 June: Naming of the Skwer Ormiański (Armenian Square) in Mokotów.[47]
- 25 June: Khachkar gifted by Armenia to Warsaw unveiled at the Armenian Square (see also Armenia–Poland relations).[48]
- September: Labor demonstration.[49]
- Twarda Tower built.
- Population: 1,724,404.
- 2014
- 14 May: Honorary Consulate of Iceland opened.[50]
- 31 October: Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji monument unveiled (see also India–Poland relations).
.jpg)
- 2015
- Warsaw Metro Line 2 begins operating.
- 27 May: 2015 UEFA Europa League Final held in Warsaw.
- 3 October: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.[51]
- December: Political demonstration.[52]
- 2016 - 8–9 July: 2016 Warsaw summit.
- 2017
- April: Warsaw hosts the 2017 European Judo Championships.
- 13 May: Witold Pilecki monument unveiled.[53]
- August: Warsaw co-hosts the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
- 19 September: Monument to Hungarian soldiers who aided the Polish Warsaw Uprising of 1944 unveiled (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[54]
- 2018 - 22 September: Khachkar commemorating Pope John Paul II and the centennial anniversary of the restoration of Armenian and Polish independence unveiled.[55]
- 2020 - June: Warsaw hosts the 2020 European Table Tennis Championships.
- 2021 - April: Warsaw hosts the 2021 European Wrestling Championships.
- 2022 - September: Varso Tower completed as EU's tallest building.[56]
Historical affiliations
[edit]See also
[edit]
- History of Warsaw
- List of mayors of Warsaw
- List of bishops and archbishops of Warsaw
- Timelines of other cities in Masovian Voivodeship: Płock, Radom
References
[edit]- ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1413". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ Konopczyński, Władysław (1948). Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793 (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 136.
- ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
- ^ Konopczyński, p. 139
- ^ Konopczyński, p. 140
- ^ a b c d Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Britannica 1910.
- ^ "20 lutego 1578 r. w Warszawie margrabia Jerzy Fryderyk Hohenzollern złożył hołd lenny królowi Stefanowi Batoremu". Portal Warszawski (in Polish). 19 February 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "16 listopada 1611 roku, elektor brandenburski Jan Zygmunt Hohenzollern złożył hołd lenny królowi Zygmuntowi III Wazie". Historykon (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ Jacek Żukowski. "Ostatni hołd pruski". Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ George Lerski (1996). "Warsaw". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 28.
- ^ Gembarzewski, p. 27
- ^ a b c d e Gembarzewski, p. 29
- ^ Górski, Konstanty (1902). Historya Artylerii Polskiej (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 193.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Gembarzewski, p. 31
- ^ Gembarzewski, pp. 31–32
- ^ Gembarzewski, p. 11
- ^ Book of Dates. London: Charles Griffin & Company. 1866.
- ^ Gembarzewski, p. 53
- ^ "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.
Vilna
- ^ a b c Corrsin 1990.
- ^ "Warsaw". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
- ^ a b Weeks 2004.
- ^ Sheila Skaff (2008). Law of the Looking Glass: Cinema in Poland, 1896-1939. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1784-3.
- ^ a b Taşan-Kok 2004.
- ^ a b Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- ^ a b c d Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Warsaw", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 2062, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b "O nas". Instytut Liszta - Węgierskie Centrum Kultury Warszawa (in Polish). Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b "History". Um.warszawa.pl. City of Warsaw. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 55.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, pp. 240–244.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, pp. 244–245, 262–263.
- ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 264.
- ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ Ring 1995.
- ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- ^ a b c Crowley 1997.
- ^ "Administration". Um.warszawa.pl. City of Warsaw. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ Będziemy dalej uprawiać ten ogród. 25 lat Filharmonii im. Romualda Traugutta 1983–2008 (in Polish). Warszawa. 2008. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-928343-0-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Sister Cities". USA: City of San Diego. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Warsaw". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ "Nowy pomnik w Parku Wolności". 1944.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ^ "Uchwała nr LVII/1656/2013 Rady Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy z dnia 13 czerwca 2013 r. w sprawie nadania nazwy obiektowi miejskiemu w Dzielnicy Mokotów m.st. Warszawy". Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Mazowieckiego (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "Chaczkar ozdobą Skweru Ormiańskiego w Warszawie / Հայկական խաչքարը՝ որպես «Հայկական Պուրակի» զարդ". Awedis (in Polish and Armenian). No. 15. 2013. p. 1.
- ^ Poland Profile: Timeline, BBC News, 18 April 2012, retrieved 28 February 2015
- ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Islandii w Warszawie". Konsulat Honorowy Republiki Islandii w Warszawie (in Polish). 14 May 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Odsłonięto pierwszy w Warszawie pomnik "Inki"". Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 3 October 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Poland Protests", BBC News, 12 December 2015
- ^ "W Warszawie uroczyście odsłonięto pomnik rotmistrza Witolda Pileckiego". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Odsłonięto pomnik Węgrów wspierających Powstanie Warszawskie". Radio RDC (in Polish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Nowe chaczkary w Zamościu, Warszawie i Kurowie / Նոր խաչքարեր Զամոշչում, Վարշավայում և Կուրովում". Awedis (in Polish and Armenian). No. 36. 2018. pp. 2–3.
- ^ Parkes, James (26 October 2022). "Foster + Partners completes EU's tallest building in Warsaw". Dezeen. Archived from the original on 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and Dutch Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]- Published in 18th and 19th centuries
- William Coxe (1784), "Warsaw", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
- M. Ross (1835). "Cities and Towns: Warsaw". History of Poland. Newcastle: Pattison & Ross.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Warsaw". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 4. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064810.
- "Warsaw". Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (2nd ed.). London: John Murray. 1868.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Warsaw". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- Published in 20th century
- "Warsaw", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/hvd.hn52kd
- J.G. Lipman (1907), "Warsaw", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 334–335.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Warsaw", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via HathiTrust
- Ruth Kedzie Wood (1912). "Warsaw". Tourist's Russia. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. OCLC 526774.
- "Warsaw". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. OCLC 1328163.
- William Henry Beable (1919), "Warsaw", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
- Stephen D. Corrsin (1990). "Language Use in Cultural and Political Change in Pre-1914 Warsaw: Poles, Jews, and Russification". Slavonic and East European Review. 68 (1): 69–90. JSTOR 4210168.
- "Warsaw", Poland, Rough Guides, 1994, p. 49, OL 9003368M
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Warsaw". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 781+. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- Scott Ury, Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2012.
- David Crowley (1997). "People's Warsaw / Popular Warsaw". Journal of Design History. 10 (2): 203–223. doi:10.1093/jdh/10.2.203. JSTOR 1316132.
- Barbara Czarniawska (2000). A City Reframed: Managing Warsaw in the 1990s. Harwood. ISBN 978-1-134-43381-0.
- Published in 21st century
- Barbara Czarniawska. (2002) Remembering while forgetting: The role of automorphism in city management in Warsaw. Public Administration Review, 62(2): 163-173.
- Tuna Taşan-Kok (2004). Budapest, Istanbul, and Warsaw: Institutional and Spatial Change. Eburon Uitgeverij. ISBN 978-90-5972-041-1.
- Scott Ury, Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2012.
- Theodore R. Weeks (2004). "A city of three nations: 'fin-de-siecle' Warsaw". Polish Review. 49 (2): 747–766. JSTOR 25779460.
- Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN.
- Pia̜tek, Grzegorz (2020). Najlepsze miasto świata: Warszawa w odbudowie 1944-1949 (Wydanie I ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo WAB - Grupa Wydawnicza Foksal. ISBN 978-83-280-3725-0.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warsaw.
- Europeana. Items related to Warsaw, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Warsaw, various dates.
