India

Timmaraja Wodeyar II, vassal Maharaja (1553–1565), independent Maharaja (1565–1572)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IV, Maharaja (1572–1576)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V, Maharaja (1576–1578)
Raja Wodeyar I, Maharaja (1578–1617)

Malwa Sultanate (complete list) –

Nasir-ud-Din Shah, Sultan (1500–1510)
Shihab-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II, Sultan (1510–1531)
Bahadur Shah, Sultan (1531–1537)
Shuja’at Khan, Wali (1537–1542)
Isa Khan, Wali (1542–1545)
Shuja’at Khan, Wali (1545–1552)
Baz Bahadur, Sultan (1555–1561/62)

Nayakas of Chitradurga (complete list) –

Obanna Nayaka I, Chief (1588–1602)

Nayakas of Keladi (complete list) –

Sadashiva Nayaka, Raja (1530–1566)^[5]
Sankanna Nayaka, Raja (1566–1570)
Chikka Sankanna Nayaka, Raja (1570–1580)
Rama Raja Nayaka, Raja (1580–1586)
Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka, Raja (1586–1629)

Rajpipla (complete list) –

Bhimdev, Maharana (1463–c.1526)
Raisinhji, Maharana (1526–c.1543)
Karanbaji, Maharana (1543–?)
Abhayraj Ji, Maharana (16th century)
Sujansinhji, Maharana (16th century)
Bhairavsinhji, Maharana (16th century)
Pruthuraj Ji, Maharana (1583–1593)
Deepsinhji, Maharana (1593–?)

Bandhogarh (complete list) –

Shaktivan Deo, Raja (1495–1500)
Veer Singh Deo, Raja (1500–1540)
Virbhan Singh, Raja (1540–1555)
Ramchandra Singh, Raja (1555–1592)
Duryodhan Singh, Raja (1593–1618)

Sisodia (complete list) –

Rana Raimal, Rajput (1473–1508)
Rana Sanga, Rajput (1508–1527)
Ratan Singh II, Rajput (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh, Rajput (1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh, Rajput (1536–1540)
Udai Singh II, Rajput (1540–1572)
Maharana Pratap, Rajput (1572–1597)
Amar Singh I, Rajput (1597–1620)

Northeast India

Tripura: Manikya dynasty (complete list) –

Dhanya Manikya, Maharaja (1490–1515)
Dhwaja Manikya, Maharaja (1515–1520)
Deva Manikya, Maharaja (1520–1530)
Indra Manikya I, Maharaja (1530–1532)
Vijaya Manikya II, Maharaja (1532–1563)
Ananta Manikya, Maharaja (1563–1567)
Udai Manikya, Maharaja (1567–1573)
Joy Manikya I, Maharaja (1573–1577)
Amar Manikya, Maharaja (1577–1585)
Rajdhar Manikya I, Maharaja (1586–1600)
Ishwar Manikya, Maharaja (1600)
Yashodhar Manikya, Maharaja (1600–1623)

Udaipur (complete list) –

Rai Mal, Maharana (1473–1509)
Sangram Singh I, Maharana (1509–1528)
Ratan Singh II, Maharana (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh, Maharana (1531–1537)
Vanvir Singh, Maharana (1537–1540)
Udai Singh II, Maharana (1540–1568)
Udai Singh II, Maharana (1568–1572)
Pratap Singh I, Maharana (1572–1597)
Amar Singh I, Maharana (1597–1620)

Vijayanagara Empire: Saluva dynasty (complete list) –

Narasimha Raya II, King (1491–1505)

Vijayanagara Empire: Tuluva dynasty (complete list) –

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka, King (1491–1503)
Viranarasimha Raya, King (1503–1509)
Krishnadevaraya, King (1509–1529)
Achyuta Deva Raya, King (1529–1542)
Venkata I, King (1542)
Sadasiva Raya, puppet ruler (1542–1570)

Vijayanagara Empire: Araveeti dynasty (complete list) –

Aliya Rama Raya, Regent (1542–1565)
Tirumala Deva Raya, King (1565–1572)
Sriranga I, King (1572–1586)
Venkata II, King (1586–1614)

Zamorin of Calicut (complete list) –

Mana Vikrama III, Samoothiri (c.1571)

India

Arakkal kingdom (complete list) –

Baro-Bhuyan (complete list) –

Bundi (complete list) ––

Kingdom of Cochin (complete list) ––

Kingdom of Coorg (complete list) –

Dhrol (complete list) ––

Jhabua (complete list) ––

Madurai Nayak dynasty (complete list) –

Mandi (complete list) ––

Nawanagar (complete list) ––

Orchha (complete list) ––

Ramnad estate (1600–1750) (complete list) –

Sawantwadi (complete list) ––

Sur Empire: Golkonda Sultanate (complete list) –

Suri dynasty (complete list) –

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives: Hilaaly dynasty (complete list) –

Hassan VII, Sultan (1510–1511)
Sharif Ahmed, Sultan (1511–1513)
Ali III, Sultan (1513)
Kalu Mohamed, Sultan (1513–1529)
Hassan VIII, Sultan (1529–1549)
Mohamed III, Sultan (1549–1551)
Hassan IX, Sultan (1551–1552)
Aboobakuru II, Sultan (1554–1557)
Ali IV, Sultan (1557–1558)
Dom Manoel, King (1558–1573)
Dom Manoel, King (1573–1583)
Dom João, King (1583–1603)

Nepal

Gorkha Kingdom –

Dravya Shah, King (1559–1570)
Purna Shah, King (1570–1605)
Ganesh Pande, Kaji (1559–1606)

Pakistan

Samma dynasty (complete list) –

Nizamuddin II, Jam (1461–1508)
Jam Feruzudin, Jam (1508–1527)

Khanate of Kalat (complete list) ––

Sri Lanka

Jaffna Kingdom (complete list) –

Singai Pararasasegaram, King (1478–1519)
Cankili I, King (1519–1561)
Puviraja Pandaram, King (1561–1565)
Periyapillai, King (1565–1582)
Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran, King (1565–1570)
Puviraja Pandaram, King (1582–1591)
Ethirimana Cinkam, King (1591–1616)

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu, King (1473–1511)
Jayaweera Astana, King (1511–1551)
Karaliyadde Bandara, King (1551–1581)
Dona Catherina, Queen (1581–1581)
Rajasinha I, King (1581–1591)
Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)

Kingdom of Kotte (complete list) –

Parakramabahu VIII, King (1484–1518)
Dharma Parakramabahu IX, King (1509–1528)
Vijayabahu VII, King (1509–1521)
Bhuvanekabahu VII, King (1521–1551)
Dharmapala, King (1551–1597)

Portuguese Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1505–1658

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Kingdom of Sitawaka (complete list) –

Mayadunne, King (1521–1581)
Rajasinha I, King (1581–1593)

List of state leaders in 17th-century south Asia

Bengal and Northeast India

Ahom kingdom (complete list) –

Sukhaamphaa, King (1552–1603)
Susenghphaa, King (1603–1641)
Suramphaa, King (1641–1644)
Sutingphaa, King (1644–1648)
Sutamla, King (1648–1663)
Supangmung, King (1663–1670)
Sunyatphaa, King (1670–1672)
Suklamphaa, King (1672–1674)
Suhung, King (1674–1675)
Gobar Roja, King (1675–1675)
Sujinphaa, King (1675–1677)
Sudoiphaa, King (1677–1679)
Sulikphaa, King (1679–1681)
Supatphaa, King (1681–1696)
Sukhrungphaa, King (1696–1714)

Bhurshut (complete list) –

Pratapnarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Naranarayan, Maharaja (17th century)
Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c.1695–1712)

Jaintia Kingdom –

Dhan Manik, King (1596–1612)
Jasa Manik, King (1612–1625)
Sundar Ray, King (1625–1636)
Chota Parbat Ray, King (1636–1647)
Jasamanta Ray, King (1647–1660)
Ban Singh, King (1660–1669)
Pratap Singh, King (1669–1678)
Lakshmi Narayan, King (1678–1694)
Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)

Mallabhum (complete list) –

Bir Hambir, King (1565–1620)
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev, King (1620–1626)
Raghunath Singha Dev, King (1626–1656)
Bir Singha Dev, King (1656–1682)
Durjan Singha Dev, King (1682–1702)

Kingdom of Manipur (complete list) –

Khaki Ngampa, King (1597–1652)
Khunchaopa, King (1652–1666)
Paikhompa, King (1666–1697)
Chalailongpa, King (1697–1709)

Bengal Subah (complete list) –

Bhutan

Bhutan (complete list) –

Tenzin Drukgye, Druk Desis (1650–1655)
Tenzin Drukdra, Druk Desis (1655–1667)
Minjur Tenpa, Druk Desis (1667–1680)
Tenzin Rabgye, Druk Desis (1680–1694)
Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)

India

Ahmadnagar Sultanate: Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Deccan (complete list) –

Murtaza Nizam Shah II, Sultan (1600–1610)
Burhan Nizam Shah III, Sultan (1610–1631)
Hussain Nizam Shah III, Sultan (1631–1633)
Murtaza Nizam Shah III, Sultan (1633–1636)^[2]

Amber Kingdom (complete list) –

Man Singh, King (1589–1614)
Bhau Singh, King (1614–1621)
Jai Singh I, King (1621–1667)
Ram Singh I, King (1667–1688)
Bishan Singh, King (1688–1699)
Jai Singh II, King (1699–1743)

Bidar Sultanate of the Deccan (complete list) –

Amir Barid Shah II, Sultan (1591–1601)
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III, Sultan (1601–1609)
Amir Barid Shah III, Sultan (1609–1619)

Bijapur Sultanate: Adil Shahi dynasty of the Deccan (complete list) –

Ibrahim Adil Shah II, Sultan (1580–1627)
Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II, Sultan (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah, Sultan (1672–1686)

Bikaner

Kings (complete list) –

Rai Singh I, Rao (1571–1612)
Dalpat, Raja (1612–1613)
Sur Singh, Raja (1613–1631)
Karan Singh, Raja (1631–1667)
Anup Singh, Maharaja (1669–1698)
Sarup Singh, Maharaja (1698–1700)
Sujan Singh, Maharaja (1700–1735)

Dewans (complete list) –

Bhag Chand Bachhawat / Sur Singh, Dewan (1619–1620)
Lakshmi Chand Bachhawat / Sur Singh, Dewan (1619–1620)

Dungarpur (complete list) –

Sesmal, Maharawal (1580–1606)
Karam Singh II, Maharawal (1606–1609)
Punja Raj, Maharawal (1609–1657)
Girdhar Das, Maharawal (1657–1661)
Jaswant Singh, Maharawal (1661–1691)
Khuman Singh, Maharawal (1691–1702)

Farooqui dynasty (complete list) –

Bahadur Shah, Sultan (1597–1601)

Garhwal Kingdom (complete list) –

Prithvi Shah, King (1552–1614)
Medini Shah, King (1614–1660)
Fateh Shah, King (1660–1708)

Golconda Sultanate: Qutb Shahi dynasty of the Deccan (complete list) –

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Sultan (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah, Sultan (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah, Sultan (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, Sultan (1672–1687)

Jaisalmer (complete list) –

Bhim Singh, Rawal (1578–1624)
Kalyan Singh, Rawal (1624–1634)
Manohar Das Singh, Rawal (1634–1648)
Ram-Chandra Singh, Rawal (1648–1651)
Sabal Singh, Rawal (1651–1661)
Amar Singh, Maharawal (1661–1702)

Jodhpur State (complete list) –

Sur Singh, Sawai Raja (1595–1619)
Gaj Singh I, Maharaja (1619–1638)
Jaswant Singh, Maharaja (1638–c.1678)
Indra Singh, Raja (1679–1679)
Ajit Singh, Maharaja (1679–1724)

Kahlur/ Bilaspur (complete list) –

Kalyan Chand, Raja (1600–1636)
Tara Chand, Raja (1636–1653)
Dip Chand, Raja (1653–1665)
Bhim Chand (Kahlur), Raja (1665–1692)
Ajmer Chand, Raja (1692–1728)

Kumaon Kingdom: Chand (complete list) –

Laxmi Chand, King (1597–1621)
Dilip Chand, King (1621–1624)
Vijay Chand, King (1624–1625)
Trimal Chand, King (1625–1638)
Baz Bahadur Chand, King (1638–1678)
Udyot Chand, King (1678–1698)
Gyan Chand, King (1698–1708)^[6]

Kingdom of Kutch (complete list) –

Bharmalji I, King (1585–?)
Bhojrajji, King (1631–?)
Khengarji II, King (1645–?)
Tamachi, King (1654–?)
Rayadhan II, King (1665–?)
Pragmalji I, King (1698–1715)

Kingdom of Mysore (complete list) –

Raja Wodeyar I, Maharaja (1578–1617)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI, Maharaja (1617–1637)
Raja Wodeyar II, Maharaja (1637–1638)
Kanthirava Narasaraja I, Maharaja (1638–1659)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar, Maharaja (1659–1673)
Chikka Devaraja, Maharaja (1673–1704)

Nayakas of Chitradurga (complete list) –

Obanna Nayaka I, Chief (1588–1602)
Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I, Chief (1602–1652)
Madakari Nayaka II, Chief (1652–1674)
Obanna Nayaka II, Chief (1674–1675)
Shoora Kantha Nayaka, Chief (1675–1676)
Chikkanna Nayaka, Chief (1676–1686)
Madakari Nayaka III, Chief (1686–1688)
Donne Rangappa Nayaka, Chief (1688–1689)
Bharamanna Nayaka, Chief 1689–1721)

Nayakas of Keladi (complete list) –

Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka, Raja (1586–1629)
Virabhadra Nayaka, Raja (1629–1645)
Shivappa Nayaka, Raja (1645–1660)
Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka, Raja (1660–1662)
Bhadrappa Nayaka, Raja (1662–1664)
Somashekara Nayaka I, Raja (1664–1672)
Keladi Chennamma, Raja (1672–1697)
Basavappa Nayaka, Raja (1697–1714)

Rajpipla (complete list) –

Durgshahji, Maharana (16th–17th century)
Mohraj Ji, Maharana (17th century)
Raishalji, Maharana (17th century)
Chandrasinhji, Maharana (17th century)
Gambhirsinhji I, Maharana (17th century)
Subheraj Ji, Maharana (17th century)
Jaisinhji, Maharana (17th century)
Malraj, Maharana (17th century)
Surmalji, Maharana (17th century)
Udekaranji, Maharana (17th century)
Chandrabhaji, Maharana (17th century)
Chatrasalji, Maharana (17th century–1705)

Rewa (complete list) –

Duryodhan Singh, Raja (1593–1618)
Vikramaditya, Raja (1618–1630)
Amar Singh II, Raja (1630–1643)
Anoop Singh, Raja (1643–1660)
Bhao Singh, Raja (1660–1690)
Anirudh Singh, Raja (1690–1700)
Avadhut Singh, Raja (1700–1755)

Sisodia (complete list) –

Amar Singh I, Rajput (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II, Rajput (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I, Rajput (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I, Rajput (1652–1680)
Jai Singh, Rajput (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II, Rajput (1698–1710)

Northeast India

Tripura: Manikya dynasty (complete list) –

Yashodhar Manikya, Maharaja (1600–1623)
Kalyan Manikya, Maharaja (1626–1660)
Govinda Manikya, Maharaja (1660–1661, 1667–1673)
Chhatra Manikya, Maharaja (1661–1667)
Rama Manikya, Maharaja (1673–1685)
Ratna Manikya II, Maharaja (1685–1693, 1695–1712)
Narendra Manikya, Maharaja (1693–1695)

Udaipur (complete list) –

Amar Singh I, Maharana (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II, Maharana (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I, Maharana (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I, Maharana (1652–1680)
Jai Singh, vassal Maharana (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II, Maharana (1698–1710)

Vijayanagara Empire: Araveeti dynasty (complete list) –

Venkata II, King (1586–1614)
Sriranga II, King (1614)
Rama Deva Raya, King (1617–1632)
Venkata III, King (1632–1642)
Sriranga III, King (1642–1646)

Zamorin of Calicut (complete list) –

Asvati Tirunal, Samoothiri (1662)
Puratam Tirunal, Samoothiri (1663)
Uttrattati Tirunal, Samoothiri (1671–1684)

Mughal Empire (complete list) –
Sirmur State –– Mat Prakash, Raja of Sirmoor (1684–1704)
Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (complete list) –

Ajaigarh State (complete list) ––
Banganapalle State (complete list) ––
Banswara State (complete list) ––
Barwani State (complete list) ––
Bhavnagar State (complete list) ––
Bhor State (complete list) ––
Chamba State (complete list) ––
Cooch Behar State (complete list) ––
Danta State (complete list) ––
Dharampur State (complete list) ––
Dholpur State (complete list) ––
Gondal State (complete list) ––
Hsipaw State (complete list) ––
Janjira State (complete list) ––
Jawhar State (complete list) ––
Jind State (complete list) ––
Kalahandi State (complete list) ––
Karauli State (complete list) ––
Khilchipur State (complete list) ––
Kingdom of Sikkim (complete list) ––
Kishangarh State (complete list) ––
Kota State (complete list) ––
Limbdi State (complete list) ––
Lunavada State (complete list) ––
Malerkotla State (complete list) ––
Mayurbhanj State (complete list) ––
Morvi State (complete list) ––
Mudhol State (complete list) ––
Nagod State (complete list) ––
Palanpur State (complete list) ––
Palitana State (complete list) ––
Panna State (complete list) ––
Patna (complete list) ––
Porbandar State (complete list) ––
Pudukkottai State (complete list) ––
Rajgarh State (complete list) ––
Rajkot State (complete list) ––
Ratlam State (complete list) ––
Sirohi State (complete list) ––
Sonepur State (complete list) ––
Suket State (complete list) ––
Wadhwan State (complete list) ––
Wankaner State (complete list) ––
Yawnghwe (complete list) ––

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives (complete list) –

Hilaalee dynasty

Dom Philippe, King (1603–1632)

Utheemu dynasty

Muhammad Imaduddin I, Sultan (1632–1648)
Ibrahim Iskandar I, Sultan (1648–1687)
Kuda Muhammad, Sultan (1687–1691)
Muhammad Mohyeddine, Sultan (1691–1692)

Hilaalee dynasty

Muhammad Shamsuddeen I, Sultan (1692)

Isdhoo Dynasty

Mohamed IV, Sultan (1692–1701)

Nepal

Gorkha Kingdom –

Dravya Shah, King (1559–1570)
Purna Shah, King (1570–1605)
Chatra Shah, King (1605–1609)
Ram Shah, King (1609–1633)
Dambar Shah, King (1633–1645)
Krishna Shah, King (1645–1661)
Rudra Shah, King (1661–1673)
Prithvipati Shah, King (1673–1716)
Ganesh Pande, Kaji(Minister) (1559–1606)

Sri Lanka

Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1656–1796

For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

Jaffna Kingdom (complete list) –

Ethirimana Cinkam, King (1591–1616)
Cankili II, King (1617–1619)
Don Constantine, King (1619–1624, Portuguese puppet)

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Vimaladharmasuriya I, King (1590–1604)
Senarat, King (1604–1635)
Rajasinghe II, King (1635–1687)
Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)

Portuguese Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1505–1658

For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

List of state leaders in 18th-century British south Asia and its predecessor states

Main

British East India: Company rule in India

Joint-stock colony under the East India Company, 1757–1858

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Bengal and Northeast India

Ahom kingdom (complete list) –

Sukhrungphaa, King (1696–1714)
Sutanphaa, King (1714–1744)
Sunenphaa, King (1744–1751)
Suremphaa, King (1751–1769)
Sunyeophaa, King (1769–1780)
Suhitpangphaa, King (1780–1795)
Suklingphaa, King (1795–1811)

Nawabs of Bengal (complete list) –

Murshid Quli Khan, Nawab (1717–1727)
Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab (1727–1727)
Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, Nawab (1727–1739)
Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab (1739–1740)
Alivardi Khan, Nawab (1740–1756)
Siraj ud-Daulah, Nawab (1756–1757)
Mir Jafar Ali Khan, Nawab (1757–1760)
Mir Qasim, Nawab (1760–1763)
Mir Jafar Ali Khan, Nawab (1763–1765)
Najmuddin Ali Khan, Nawab (1765–1766)
Najabat Ali Khan, Nawab (1766–1770)
Ashraf Ali Khan, Nawab (1770)
Mubarak Ali Khan, Nawab (1770–1793)
Baber Ali Khan, Nawab (1793–1810)

Bhurshut (complete list) –

Lakshminarayan, Maharaja (c.1695–1712)

Jaintia Kingdom –

Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)
Jay Narayan, King (1708–1731)
Bar Gosain, King (1731–1770)
Chattra Singh, King (1770–1780)
Bijay Narayan, King (1780–1790)
Ram Singh II, King (1790–1832)

Mallabhum (complete list) –

Durjan Singha Dev, King (1682–1702)
Raghunath Singha Dev II, King (1702–1712)
Gopal Singha Dev, King (1712–1748)
Chaitanya Singha Dev, King (1748–1801)

Kingdom of Manipur (complete list) –

Chalailongpa, King (1697–1709)
Gharib Nawaz, King (1709–1754)
Chit Sain, King (1754–1756)
Gaurisiam, King (1756–1763)
Ching-Thang Khomba, King (1764–1798)
Rohinchandra, King (1798–1801)

Twipra Kingdom –

Dharma Manikya II, King (1714–1733)
Vijay Manikya III, King (1743–1760)
Krishna Manikya, King (1760–1761)
Rajdhar Manikya, King (1783–1804)

Koch dynasty (complete list) –

Bhutan

Bhutan (complete list) –

Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)
Ngawang Tshering, Druk Desis (1701–1704)
Umze Peljor, Druk Desis (1704–1707)
Druk Rabgye, Druk Desis (1707–1719)
Ngawang Gyamtsho, Druk Desis (1719–1729)
Mipham Wangpo, Druk Desis (1729–1736)
Khuwo Peljor, Druk Desis (1736–1739)
Ngawang Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1739–1744)
Sherab Wangchuck, Druk Desis (1744–1763)
Druk Phuntsho, Druk Desis (1763–1765)
Wangzob Druk Tenzin I, Druk Desis (1765–1768)
Sonam Lhundub, Druk Desis (1768–1773)
Kunga Rinchen, Druk Desis (1773–1776)
Jigme Singye, Druk Desis (1776–1788)
Druk Tenzin, Druk Desis (1788–1792)
Umzey Chapchhab, Druk Desis (1792–1792)
Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel), Druk Desis (1792–1799)
Druk Namgyel, Druk Desis (1799–1803)

Burma

Kengtung (complete list) –

Sao Möng Lek, Saopha (?–1730)
Sao Maung Hkawn, Saopha (1730–c.1735, 1739–1742)
Sao Möng Hsam, Saopha (1742–1786)
Sao Kawng Tai I, Saopha (1787–1802, 1814–1815)

India

Alirajpur (complete list) –

Udai Deo, Rana (?)
Pahad Deo II, Rana (?–1765)
Pratap Singh I, Rana (1765–1818)

Bikaner

Maharajas (complete list) –

Sujan Singh, Maharaja (1700–1735)
Zorawar Singh, Maharaja (1735–1746)
Gaj Singh, Maharaja (1746–1787)
Raj Singh II, Maharaja (1787–1787)
Pratap Singh, Maharaja (1787–1787)
Surat Singh, Regent (?–1787), Maharaja (1787–1828)

Dewans (complete list) –

Anand Ram Khawas, Dewan (early 18th century–1733)
Mohta Bakhtawar Singh, Dewan (1735–1751, 1752–1756, 1757–1762, 1765–1779)
Amar Singh Chaturbhujani, Dewan (1751–1752)
Mohta Prithvi Singh, Dewan (1756–1757)
Shah Mool Chand Bardiya, Dewan (1762–1765)
Mohta Swaroop Singh, Dewan (1779–1780s)
Mohta Thakursi, Dewan (1780s–1787)
Mohta Madho Rai, Dewan (1787–1791)
Pratap Mal Baid, Dewan (1791–1794)
Mohta Rao Sahib Singh Gun Roop, Dewan (1794–1805)

Bilaspur (complete list) –

Ajmer Chand, Raja (1692–1728)
Devi Chand, Raja (1738–1778)
Mahan Chand, Raja (1778–1824)

Dungarpur (complete list) –

Khuman Singh, Maharawal (1691–1702)
Ram Singh, Maharawal (1702–1730)
Shiv Singh, Maharawal (1730–1785)
Vairisal, Maharawal (1785–1790)
Fateh Singh, Maharawal (1790–1808)

Garhwal Kingdom (complete list) –

Fateh Shah, King (1660–1708)
Upendra Shah, King (1708–1709)
Pradip Shah, King (1709–1772)
Lalit Shah, King (1772–1780)
Jayakrit Shah, King (1780–1786)
Pradyumna Shah, King (1786–1804)

Jaipur Kingdom (complete list) –

Jai Singh II, King (1699–1743)
Ishwari Singh, King (1743–1750)
Madho Singh I, King (1750–1768)
Prithvi Singh II, King (1768–1778)
Pratap Singh of Jaipur, King (1778–1803)

Jaisalmer (complete list) –

Amar Singh, Maharawal (1661–1702)
Jaswant Singh, Maharawal (1702–1708)
Budh Singh, Maharawal (1708–1722)
Akhi Singh, Maharawal (1722–1762)
Mulraj II, Maharawal (1762–1820)

Jodhpur State (complete list) –

Ajit Singh, Maharaja (1679–1724)
Abhai Singh, Maharaja (1724–1749)
Ram Singh, Maharaja (1749–1751, 1753–1772)
Bakht Singh, Maharaja (1751–1752)
Vijay Singh, Maharaja (1752–1753, 1772–1793)
Bhim Singh, Maharaja (1793–1803)

Kumaon Kingdom: Chand (complete list) –

Gyan Chand, King (1698–1708)
Jagat Chand, King (1708–1720)
Devi Chand, King (1720–1726)
Ajit Chand, King (1726–1729)
Kalyan Chand V, King (1729–1747)
Deep Chand, King (1747–1777)
Mohan Chand, King (1777–1779)
Pradyumn Chand, King (1779–1786)
Mohan Chand, King (1786–1788)
Shiv Chand, King (1788)
Mahendra Chand, King (1788–1790)^[7]

Kingdom of Kutch (complete list) –

Pragmalji I, King (1698–1715)
Godji I, King (1715–1719)
Deshalji I, King (1718–1752)
Lakhpatji, Regent (1741–1752)
Lakhpatji, King (1752–1760)
Godji II, King (1760–1778)
Rayadhan III, King (1778–1786, 1813)
Prithvirajji, King (1786–1801)
Fateh Muhammad, Regent (1786−1813)

Kingdom/Sultanate of Mysore

Maharajas (complete list) –

Chikka Devaraja, Maharaja (1673–1704)
Kanthirava Narasaraja II, Maharaja (1704–1714)
Dodda Krishnaraja I, Maharaja (1714–1732)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VII, Maharaja (1732–1734)
Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, Maharaja (1734–1761), puppet Maharaja (1761–1766)
Nanjaraja Wodeyar, puppet Maharaja (1766–1772)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, puppet Maharaja (1772–1776)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, puppet Maharaja (1776–1796)
Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, Maharaja (1799–1868)

Sultans (complete list) –

Hyder Ali, Sultan (1761–1782)
Tipu Sultan, Sultan (1782–1799)

Nayakas of Chitradurga (complete list) –

Bharamanna Nayaka, Chief 1689–1721)
Madakari Nayaka IV, Chief (1721–1748)
Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II, Chief (1748–1758)
Madakari Nayaka, Chief (1758–1779)

Nayakas of Keladi (complete list) –

Basavappa Nayaka, Raja (1697–1714)
Somashekara Nayaka II, Raja (1714–1739)
Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka, Raja (1739–1754)
Chenna Basappa Nayaka, Raja (1754–1757)
Virammaji, Queen (1757–1763)

Rajpipla (complete list) –

Chatrasalji, Maharana (17th century–1705)
Verisalji I, Maharana (1705–1715)
Jitsinhji, Maharana (1715–1730)
Gomalsinghji, Maharana (1730–1754)
Dalilsinhji, usurper Maharana (1754)
Pratapsinhji, Maharana (1754–1764)
Raisinhji, Maharana (1764–1786)
Ajabsinhji, Maharana (1786–1803)
Naharsinhji, Regent (1793–1803)

Rewa (complete list) –

Avadhut Singh, Raja (1700–1755)
Ajit Singh, Raja (1755–1809)

Sisodia (complete list) –

Amar Singh II, Rajput (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II, Rajput (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II, Rajput (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II, Rajput (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II, Rajput (1754–1762)
Ari Singh II, Rajput (1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II, Rajput (1772–1778)
Bhim Singh, Rajput (1778–1828)

Northeast India

Tripura: Manikya dynasty (complete list) –

Ratna Manikya II, Maharaja (1685–1693, 1695–1712)
Mahendra Manikya, Maharaja (1712–1714)
Dharma Manikya II, Maharaja (1714–1725, 1729)
Jagat Manikya, Maharaja (1725–1729)
Mukunda Manikya, Maharaja (1729–1739)
Joy Manikya II, Maharaja (1739–1744)
Indra Manikya II, Maharaja (1744–1746)
Vijaya Manikya III, Maharaja (1746–1748)
Lakshman Manikya (c.1750s)
Krishna Manikya, Maharaja (1760–1783)
Rajdhar Manikya II, Maharaja (1785–1806)

Udaipur (complete list) –

Amar Singh II, Maharana (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II, Maharana (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II, Maharana (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II, Maharana (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II, Maharana (1754–1761)
Ari Singh II, Maharana (1761–1773)
Hamir Singh II, Maharana (1773–1778)
Bhim Singh, Maharana (1778–1828)

Zamorin of Calicut (complete list) –

Nileswaram Tirunal, Samoothiri (1706–1707)
Samoothiri from Kilakke Kovilakam (1741–1746)
Samoothiri from Putiya Kovilakam (1746–1758)
Samoothiri from Kilakke Kovilakam (1758–1766)
Samoothiri from Putiya Kovilakam (1766–1788)
Kerala Varma Vikrama, Samoothiri (1788–1798)^[8]
Krishna Varma, Samoothiri (1798–1806)^[9]

Akkalkot State –
Bhangi Misl – Hari Singh Dhillon (1746–1764)
Dutch India –
Gaekwad dynasty (complete list) –
Holkar (complete list) –
Hyderabad State (complete list) ––
Maratha Empire (complete list) –
Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799) (complete list) –
Nagpur kingdom (complete list) –
Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad (complete list) –
Nizam of Hyderabad (complete list) –
Oudh State (complete list) –
Portuguese India –
Scindia (complete list) –
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (complete list) –

Alwar State (complete list) ––
Balasinor State (complete list) ––
Bansda State (complete list) ––
Baoni State (complete list) ––
Baraundha (complete list) ––
Baria State (complete list) ––
Benares State (complete list) ––
Bharatpur State (complete list) ––
Bhopal State (complete list) ––
Bijawar State (complete list) ––
Cambay State (complete list) ––
Charkhari State (complete list) ––
Chhatarpur State (complete list) ––
Chhota Udaipur State (complete list) ––
Datia State (complete list) ––
Dewas Junior (complete list) ––
Dewas Senior (complete list) ––
Dhar State (complete list) ––
Dhrangadhra State (complete list) ––
Faridkot State (complete list) ––
Gwalior State (complete list) ––
Idar State ––
Indore State (complete list) ––
Junagadh State (complete list) ––
Kapurthala State (complete list) ––
Kolhapur State (complete list) ––
Maihar State (complete list) ––
Patiala State (complete list) ––
Pratapgarh State (complete list) ––
Radhanpur State (complete list) ––
Rampur State (complete list) ––
Sachin State (complete list) ––
Sailana State (complete list) ––
Sangli State (complete list) ––
Shahpura State (complete list) ––
Sitamau State (complete list) ––

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives (complete list) –

Isdhoo Dynasty

Ali V, Sultan (1701)
Hasan X, Sultan (1701)
Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine, Sultan (1701–1704)

Dhiyamigili dynasty

Muhammad Imaduddin II, Sultan (1704–1720)
Ibrahim Iskandar II, Sultan (1720–1750)
Muhammad Imaduddin III, Sultan (1750–1757)
Amina I, Sultana (1753–1754)
Amina II, Sultana (1757–1759)

Huraa Dynasty

Hasan 'Izz ud-din, Sultan (1759–1766)

Dhiyamigili dynasty

Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din, Sultan (1766–1774)

Huraa Dynasty

Muhammad Shamsuddeen II, Sultan (1774)
Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din, Sultan (1774–1779)
Hassan Nooraddeen I, Sultan (1779–1799)
Muhammad Mueenuddeen I, Sultan (1799–1835)

Nepal

Gorkha Kingdom –

Prithvipati Shah, King (1673–1716)
Nara Bhupal Shah, King (1716–1743)
Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha (1743–1768), King of Nepal (1768–1775)

Kingdom of Nepal

Kings (complete list) –

Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha (1743–1768), King of Nepal (1768–1775)
Pratap Singh Shah, King (1775–1777)
Rana Bahadur Shah, King (1777–1799)
Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah, King (1799–1816)

Mulkajis –

Abhiman Singh Basnet, Mulkaji (1785–1794)
Kirtiman Singh Basnyat, Mulkaji (1794–1801)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Damodar Pande, Prime minister (1799–1804)

Pakistan

Sikh Empire (complete list) –

Jamadar Khushal Singh, Wazir (1799–1818)^[10]

Bahawalpur (complete list) ––
Khairpur (complete list) ––

Sri Lanka

Dutch Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1656–1796

For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Vimaladharmasurya II, King (1687–1707)
Vira Narendra Sinha, King (1707–1739)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha, King (1739–1747)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha, King (1747–1782)
Rajadhi Rajasinha, King (1782–1798)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, King (1798–1815)

List of state leaders in 19th-century British south Asia subsidiary states

Main

British East India: Company rule in India

Joint-stock colony under the East India Company, 1757–1858

British Raj

Colony and princely states, 1858–1947

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Bengal and Northeast India

Ahom kingdom (complete list) –

Suklingphaa, King (1795–1811)
Sudingphaa, King (1811–1818)
Purandar Singha, King (1818–1819)
Sudingphaa, King (1819–1821)
Jogeswar Singha, King (1821–1822)
Purandar Singha, King (1833–1838)

Nawabs of Bengal (complete list) –

Bengal

Baber Ali Khan, Nawab (1793–1810)
Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan, Nawab (1810–1821)
Ahmad Ali Khan, Nawab (1821–1824)
Mubarak Ali Khan II, Nawab (1824–1838)
Mansur Ali Khan, Nawab (1838–1880)

Murshidabad

Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur, Nawab (1882–1906)

Jaintia Kingdom –

Ram Singh II, King (1790–1832)
Rajendra Singh, King (1832–1835)

Mallabhum (complete list) –

Chaitanya Singha Dev, King (1748–1801)
Madhav Singha Dev, King (1801–1809)
Gopal Singha Dev II, King (1809–1876)
Ramkrishna Singha Dev, King (1876–1885)
Dwhajamoni Devi (1885–1889)
Nilmoni Singha Dev, King (1889–1903)

Manipur (complete list) ––

Rohinchandra, King (1798–1801)
Maduchandra Singh, King (1801–1806)
Charajit Singh, King (1806–1812)
Marjit Singh, King (1812–1819)

under Burmese rule from 1819

subsidiary to the British Raj from 1824

Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba, King (1825–1834)
Nara Singh, Regent (1834–1844)
Nara Singh, King (1834–1850)
Debindro Singh, King (1850)
Chandrakirti Singh, King (1850–1886)
Surachandra Singh, King (1886–1890)
Kulachandra Singh, King (1890–1891)
Churachandra Singh, King (1891–1941)

Tripura (princely state) ––

Durga Manikya, King (1809–1813)
Kashi Chandra Manikya, King (1826–1830)
Krishna Kishore Manikya, King (1830–1849)

Twipra Kingdom –

Rajdhar Manikya, King (1783–1804)
Ramgana Manikya, King (1804–1809)

Bhutan

Bhutan (complete list) –

Druk Namgyel, Druk Desis (1799–1803)
Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel), Druk Desis (1803–1805)
Sangye Tenzin, Druk Desis (1805–1806)
Umzey Parob, Druk Desis (1806–1808)
Byop Chhyoda, Druk Desis (1807–1808)
Tsulthrim Daba, Druk Desis (1809–1810)
Thutul (Jigme Dragpa), Druk Desis (1810–1811)
Chholay Yeshey Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1811–1815)
Tshaphu Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1815)
Sonam Drugyel, Druk Desis (1815–1819)
Tenzin Drukda, Druk Desis (1819–1823)
Chhoki Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1823–1831)
Dorji Namgyal, Druk Desis (1831–1832)
Adab Thinley, Druk Desis (1832–1835)
Chhoki Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1835–1838)
Dorji Norbu, Druk Desis (1838–1850)
Wangchuk Gyalpo, Druk Desis (1850–1850)
Thutul (Jigme Dragpa), Druk Desis (1850–1852)
Sangye, Druk Desis (1851–1852)
Damchho Lhundrup, Druk Desis (1852–1854)
Jamtul Jamyang Tenzin, Druk Desis (1854–1856)
Kunga Palden, Druk Desis (1856–1860)
Sherab Tharchin, Druk Desis (1856–1860)
Phuntsho Namgyel (Nazi Pasang), Druk Desis (1860–1863)
Tshewang Sithub, Druk Desis (1863–1864)
Tsulthrim Yonten, Druk Desis (1864–1864)
Kagyud Wangchuk, Druk Desis (1864–1864)
Tshewang Sithub, Druk Desis (1865–1867)
Tsondul Pekar, Druk Desis (1867–1870)
Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1870–1873)
Kitshab Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1873–1879)
Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1877–1878)
Kitsep Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1878–1879)
Chhogyel Zangpo, Druk Desis (1879–1880)
Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1880–1881)
Lam Tshewang, Druk Desis (1881–1883)
Gawa Zangpo, Druk Desis (1883–1885)
Sangye Dorji, Druk Desis (1885–1901)

Burma

Kengtung State (complete list) ––

Sao Kawng Tai I, Saopha (1787–1802, 1814–1815)
Sao Maha Hkanan, Saopha (1815–1857)
Sao Maha Pawn, Saopha (1857–1876)
Sao Hseng, Saopha (1877–1881)
Sao Kawng Tai II, Saopha (1881–1885)
Sao Kawn Kham Hpu, Saopha (1886–1895)
Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng, Administrator (?–1897), Saopha (1895–1935)

Mongnai State (complete list) ––

India

Alirajpur State (complete list) ––

Pratap Singh I, Rana (1765–1818)
Musafir Mekran, Rana (1818)
Jashwant Singh, Rana (1818–1862)
Musafir Mekran, Manager (1818–1839)
Gang Deo, Rana (1862–1869)
Rup Deo, Rana (1869–1881)
Muhammad Najaf Khan, Superintendent (1869–1873)
Bijai Singh, Rana (1881–1890)
Pratap Singh II, Rana (1891–1911)

Bikaner State

Maharajas (complete list) ––

Surat Singh, Regent (?–1787), Maharaja (1787–1828)
Ratan Singh, Maharaja (1828–1851)
Sardar Singh, Maharaja (1851–1872)
Dungar Singh, Maharaja (1872–1887)
Ganga Singh, Maharaja (1887–1943)

Dewans (complete list) ––

Mohta Rao Sahib Singh Gun Roop, Dewan (1794–1805)
Amar Chand Surana, Dewan (1805–1815)
Mohta Bhomji, Dewan (1815–1816)
Abhai Singh Mohta, Dewan (1816–1828)
Hindu Mal Baid, Dewan (1828–1840s)
Sri Narayan Singh Bhati, Dewan (c.1841)
Sarana Shri Lakshmichand, Dewan (1844–c.1852)
Guman Singh Baid, Dewan (1852–1853, 1854–1856, 1864–1865)
Leeladhar Mohta + Jalam Chand Kochar, Dewan (1853–1853)
Lachhi Ram Rakhecha, Dewan (1853–1854)
Pandit Dojainant, Dewan (1856)
Ram Lal Dwarkani, Dewan (1856–1863, 1865–1866)
Man Mal Rakhecha, Dewan (1866)
Sheo Lal Nahata, Dewan (1866)
Fateh Chand Surana, Dewan (1867)
Ganga Ram Purohit, Dewan (1867)
Shah Mal Kochar, Dewan (1867)
Man Mal Rakhecha, Dewan (1868)
Sheo Lal Mohta, Dewan (1868)
Lakshmi Chand Nahata, Dewan (1868)
Visayat Hussain, Dewan (1868–1869)
Pandit Manphool, Dewan (1869–1873)
Lal Singh, Dewan (1873–1880s)
Hari Singh Baid, Dewan (1880s–c.1884)
Amin Muhammad, Dewan (1884–1888)
Sodhi Hukam Singh, Dewan (1888–1896)
Raghubar Singh Chauhan, Dewan (1896–1898)
Hamidu Zafar Khan, Dewan (1898–1903)

Dungarpur (complete list) ––

Fateh Singh, Maharawal (1790–1808)
Jaswant Singh II, Maharawal (1808–1844)
Udai Singh II, Maharawal (1844–1898)
Bijay Singh, Maharawal (1898–1918)

Bilaspur State (complete list) ––

Mahan Chand, Raja (1778–1824)
Kharak Chand, Raja (1824–1839)
Jagat Chand, Raja (1839–1850)
Hira Chand, Raja (1850–1883)
Amar Chand, Raja (1883–1889)
Bijai Chand, Raja (1889–1927)

Cutch (complete list) ––

Fateh Muhammad, Regent (1786−1813)
Prithvirajji, King (1786–1801)
Rayadhan III, King (1778–1786, 1813)
Husain Miyan, Regent (1813–1814)
Bharmalji II, King (1813−1819)
Deshalji II, King (1819−1860)
Pragmalji II, King (1860−1875)
Khengarji III, King (1875−1942)
Vijayaraji, King (1942−1948)
Madansinhji, King (1948−1948)

Garhwal (complete list) ––

Pradyumna Shah, King (1786–1804)
Sudarshan Shah, Raja (1815–1859)
Bhawani Shah, Raja (1859–1871)
Pratap Shah, Raja (1871–1886)
Kirti Shah, Raja (1886–1913)

Jaipur State (complete list) –

Pratap Singh of Jaipur, King (1778–1803)
Jagat Singh II, King (1803–1818)

subsidiary to the British Raj from 1818

Mohan Singh, Regent (1818–1819)
Jai Singh III, Maharaja (1818–1835)
Ram Singh II, Maharaja (1835–1880)
Madho Singh II, Maharaja (1880–1922)

Jaisalmer State

Maharawals (complete list) ––

Mulraj II, Maharawal (1762–1820)
Gaj Singh, Maharawal (1820–1846)
Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer, Maharawal (1846–1864)
Bairi Sal, Maharawal (1864–1891)
Shalivahan Singh III, Maharawal (1891–1914)

Dewans (complete list) ––

Mohata Nathmal, Dewan (c.1885–1891)
Mehta Jagjiwan, Dewan (c.1890–1903)
HH Shri Panna Lal Ji Soni Nathani, Dewan (c.1892–1902), acting Dewan (c.1930–1932)
Thakur Kushal Singh, acting Dewan (1890s–1900)
Rawatmal Purohit Khetrapaliya, acting Dewan (1900)

Jodhpur State (complete list) ––

Bhim Singh, Maharaja (1793–1803)
Man Singh, Maharaja (1803–1843)
Takht Singh, Maharaja (1843–1873)
Jaswant Singh II, Maharaja (1873–1895)
Sardar Singh, Maharaja (1895–1911)

Princely State of Mysore (complete list) ––

Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, Maharaja (1799–1868)
Chamarajendra Wadiyar X, Maharaja (1868–1894)
Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana, Regent (1894–1902)
Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja (1894–1940)

Rajpipla State (complete list) ––

Ajabsinhji, Maharana (1786–1803)
Naharsinhji, Regent (1793–1803)
Ramsinhji, Maharana (1803–1810)
Naharsinhji, Maharana (1810–1821)
Verisalji II, Maharana (1821–1860)
Gambhirsinhji II, Maharana (1860–1897)
William Arthur Salmon, British administrator (1884–1885)
Edward Vincent Stace, British administrator (1885–1886)
Alexander Francis Maconochie, British administrator (1886–1887)
Alexander Shewan, British administrator (1887–1894)
Willoughby Pitcairn Kennedy, British administrator (1894–1895)
Francis William Snell, Maharana (1895–1897)
Chhatrasinhji, Maharana (1897–1915)

Rewa (complete list) ––

Ajit Singh, Raja (1755–1809)
Jai Singh, Raja (1809–1835)
Vishwanath Singh, Raja (1835–1854)
Raghuraj Singh Ju Deo Bahadur, Raja (1854–1857), Majaraja (1857–1880)
Venkatraman Ramanuj Prasad Singh, Maharaja (1880–1918)

Sisodia (complete list) –

Bhim Singh, Rajput (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh, Rajput (1828–1838)
Shambhu Singh, Rajput (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh, Rajput (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh, Rajput (1884–1930)

Northeast India

Tripura: Manikya dynasty (complete list) ––

Rajdhar Manikya II, Maharaja (1785–1806)
Rama Ganga Manikya, Maharaja (1806–1809, 1813–1826)
Durga Manikya, Maharaja (1809–1813)
Kashi Chandra Manikya, Maharaja (1826–1829)
Krishna Kishore Manikya, Maharaja (1829–1849)
Ishan Chandra Manikya, Maharaja (1849–1862)
Bir Chandra Manikya, Maharaja (1862–1896)
Radha Kishore Manikya, Maharaja (1896–1909)

Udaipur State (complete list) ––

Bhim Singh, Maharana (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh, Maharana (1828–1838)
Sardar Singh, Maharana (1838–1842)
Swarup Singh, Maharana (1842–1861)
Shambhu Singh, Maharana (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh, Maharana (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh, Maharana (1884–1930)

Zamorin of Calicut (complete list) –

Krishna Varma, Samoothiri (1798–1806)^[11]

Danish India –
French India –
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) (complete list) ––
Tondaiman (complete list) –
Tonk State (complete list) ––
Travancore (complete list) ––

Baroda State (complete list) ––
Jaora State (complete list) ––
Jhalawar State (complete list) ––
Loharu State (complete list) ––
Nabha State ––
Narsinghgarh State (complete list) ––
Samthar State (complete list) ––
Sant State (complete list) ––

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives: Huraa Dynasty (complete list) –

Muhammad Mueenuddeen I, Sultan (1799–1835)
Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV, Sultan (1835–1882)
Ibrahim Nooraddeen, Sultan (1882–1886)
Muhammad Mueenuddeen II, Sultan (1886–1888)
Ibrahim Nooraddeen, Sultan (1888–1892)
Muhammad Imaaduddeen V, Sultan (1892–1893)
Muhammad Shamsuddeen III, Sultan (1893)
Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI, Sultan (1893–1902)

Nepal

Kingdom of Nepal

Kings (complete list) –

Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah, King (1799–1816)
Rajendra, King (1816–1847)
Surendra, King (1847–1881)
Prithvi, King (1881–1911)

Mulkajis / Prime ministers (complete list) –

Kirtiman Singh Basnyat, Mulkaji (1794–1801)
Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, Mulkaji (1801–1803)
Damodar Pande, Prime minister (1799–1804), Mulkaji (1803–1804)
Ranajit Pande, Mulkaji (1804)
Bhimsen Thapa, Prime minister (1806–1837)
Rana Jang Pande, Prime minister (1837)
Ranga Nath Poudyal, Prime minister (1837–1838)
Chautariya Puskhar Shah, Prime minister (1838–1839)
Rana Jang Pande, Prime minister (1839–1840)
Ranga Nath Poudyal, Prime minister (1840)
Fateh Jung Shah, Prime minister (1840–1843)
Mathabarsingh Thapa, Prime minister (1843–1845)
Fateh Jung Shah, Prime minister (1845–1846)
Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1846–1856)
Bam Bahadur Kunwar, Prime minister (1856–1857)
Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Prime minister (1857)
Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1857–1877)
Ranodip Singh Kunwar, Prime minister (1877–1885)
Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1885–1901)

Pakistan

Sikh Empire (complete list) –

Maharajas –

Ranjit Singh, Maharaja (1801–1839)
Kharak Singh, Maharaja (1839)
Nau Nihal Singh, Maharaja (1839–1840)
Chand Kaur, Maharaja (1840–1841)
Sher Singh, Maharaja (1841–1843)
Duleep Singh, Maharaja (1843–1849)

Wazirs –

Jamadar Khushal Singh, Wazir (1799–1818)^[12]
Dhian Singh Dogra, Wazir (1818–1843)
Hira Singh Dogra, Wazir (1843–1844)
Jawahar Singh Aulakh, Wazir (1844–1845)
Gulab Singh, Wazir (1846–1846)^[13]

Chitral (complete list) ––

Sri Lanka

British Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1815–1948

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Kingdom of Kandy (complete list) –

Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, King (1798–1815)

List of state leaders in 20th-century British south Asia

Main

British Raj

Colony and princely states, 1858–1947

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Dominion of India

Monarchs –

George VI, King (1947–1950)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime minister (1947–1964)

Republic of India

Presidents (complete list) –

Rajendra Prasad, President (1950–1962)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime minister (1947–1964)

Bangladesh

Nawabs of Bengal (complete list) –

Hassan Ali Mirza, Nawab (1882–1906)
Wasif Ali Mirza, Nawab (1906–1947)

Bhutan

Bhutan

Monarchs (complete list) –

Sangye Dorji, Druk Desis (1885–1901)
Choley Yeshe Ngodub, Druk Desis (1903–1905)
Ugyen Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1907–1926)
Jigme Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1926–1952)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Ugyen Dorji, Chief Minister (1907–1916)
Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief minister (1917–1952)

Burma

Kengtung State (complete list) ––

Sao Kawng Kiao Intaleng, Administrator (?–1897), Saopha (1895–1935)
Sao Kaung Tai, Saopha (1935–1935)
Sao Sai Long, Saopha (1945–1962)

India

Alirajpur State (complete list) ––

Pratap Singh II, Rana (1891–1911)
Pratap Singh II, Raja (1911–1941)
Fateh Singh, Raja (1941–1941)
Pratap Singh, Regent (1941–1947)
Surendra Singh, Raja (1941–1947)

Bikaner State

Maharajas (complete list) ––

Ganga Singh, Maharaja (1887–1943)
British political agents-regent (1887–1898)
Sadul Singh, Maharaja (1943–1949)

Dewans and Chief Ministers (complete list) ––

Hamidu Zafar Khan, Dewan (1898–1903)
Post abolished, Dewan (1903–1916)
Shri Bhairon Singh, Chief minister (1916–?)
Prince Kunwar Sardul Singh, Chief minister (1920–1925)
Manubhai Nandshankar Mehta, Dewan (1927–1934)
Ram Prasad Dube, acting Dewan (1932–1934)
Shri Bhairun Singh, Dewan (1934–1936)
Thakur Sadul Singh, Dewan (1936–1936)
V.N. Mehta, Dewan (1936–c.1938)
Kailash Narain Haksar, Dewan (1938–1939)
Sire Mal Bapna, Dewan (1939–c.1944)
Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, Dewan (1944–1948)
Kanwar Jaswant Singh, Dewan (1948–1948)
Cadambi Sheshachar Venkatachar, Dewan (1948–1949)

Bilaspur State (complete list) ––

Bijai Chand, Raja (1889–1927)
Anand Chand, Raja (1927–1948)

Dungarpur State (complete list) ––

Bijay Singh, Maharawal (1898–1918)
Laxman Singh, Maharawal (1918–1947)

Garhwal (princely state) (complete list) ––

Kirti Shah, Raja (1886–1913)
Narendra Shah, Raja (1913–1946)
Manabendra Shah, Raja (1946–1949)

Jaipur State (complete list) –

Madho Singh II, Maharaja (1880–1922)
Sawai Man Singh II, Maharaja (1922–1947)
Sawai Man Singh II, Maharaja (1947–1949)

Jaisalmer State

Maharawals (complete list) ––

Shalivahan Singh III, Maharawal (1891–1914)
Jawahir Singh, Maharawal (1914–1947)
Girdhar Singh, Maharawal (1949–1950)
Raghunath Singh, Maharawal (1950–1971)

Dewans (complete list) ––

Mehta Jagjiwan, Dewan (c.1890–1903)
Lakshmi Das Sapat, Dewan (c.1909)
Mohammed Niyaz Ali Kazi Hapiri, Dewan (1911–1912)
(Moraji Rao) Sapat, Dewan (1912–1930)
HH Shri Panna Lal Ji Soni Nathani, Dewan (c.1892–1902), acting Dewan (c.1930–1932)
M.L. Khosala, Dewan (20th century)
Pandit Jamana Lal, Dewan (20th century)
Munshi Nand Kishore, Dewan (20th century)
Lala Rakhpat Raj, Dewan (20th century)
P.K. Shurugula, Dewan (20th century)
Dewan Bahadur Brijmohan Nath Zutshi, Dewan (20th century)
Anand Swaroop, Dewan (20th century)
Onkar Singh, Dewan (20th century)
Lakhpat Rai Sikund, Dewan (c.1940–c.1942)
Bahadur Brijmohan Nath Zutshi, Dewan (c.1942–?)

Jodhpur State (complete list) ––

Sardar Singh, Maharaja (1895–1911)
Sumair Singh, Maharaja (1911–1918)
Umaid Singh, Maharaja (1918–1947)
Hanwant Singh, Maharaja (1947–1949)

Mallabhum (complete list) –

Nilmoni Singha Dev, King (1889–1903)
Kalipada Singha Thakur, King (1930–1947)

Manipur (princely state) (complete list) ––

Churachandra Singh, King (1891–1941)
Bodhchandra Singh, King (1941–1949)

Princely State of Mysore (complete list) ––

Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana, Regent (1894–1902)
Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Maharaja (1894–1940)
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar, Maharaja (1940–1950)

Rajpipla State (complete list) ––

Chhatrasinhji, Maharana (1897–1915)
Vijaysinhji, Maharana (1915–1921), Maharaja (1921–1948)

Rewa (complete list) ––

Venkatraman Ramanuj Prasad Singh, Maharaja (1880–1918)
Sajjan Singh of Ratlam, Regent (1918–1919, 1922–1923)
Philip Bannerman Warburton, Interim Regent (1919)
Dewan Bahadur Brijmohan Nath Zutshi, Regent (1920–1922)
Elliot James Dowell Colvin, Interim Regent (1922)
Gulab Singh, Maharaja (1918–1946)
Martand Singh, Maharaja (1946–1947)

Sisodia (complete list) –

Fateh Singh, Rajput (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh, Rajput (1930–1947)

Northeast India

Tripura (princely state): Manikya dynasty (complete list) ––

Radha Kishore Manikya, Maharaja (1896–1909)
Birendra Kishore Manikya, Maharaja (1909–1923)
Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarma, Maharaja (1923–1947)
Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman, Maharaja (1947–1949)

Udaipur State (complete list) ––

Fateh Singh, Maharana (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh, Maharana (1930–1949)

Maldives

Sultanate of the Maldives: Huraa Dynasty (complete list) –

Muhammad Shamsuddeen III, Sultan (1902–1934)
Hassan Nooraddeen II, Sultan (1935–1943)

Nepal

Kingdom of Nepal

Kings (complete list) –

Prithvi, King (1881–1911)
Tribhuvan, King (1911–1950)
Gyanendra, King (1950–1951, 2001–2008)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1885–1901)
Dev Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1901)
Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1901–1929)
Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1929–1932)
Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1932–1945)
Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1945–1948)
Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime minister (1948–1951)

Pakistan

Dominion of Pakistan

Monarchs –

George VI, King (1947–1952)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime minister (1947–1951)

Sri Lanka

British Ceylon (complete list) –

Colony, 1815–1948

For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Dominion of Ceylon

Monarchs –

George VI, King (1948–1952)

Prime ministers (complete list) –

Don Stephen Senanayake, Prime minister (1947–1952)

state leaders

List of state leaders

List of state leaders in 1876

Asia

Asia: South: India

Asia: West 0.0

Bahrain

Bahrain under Al Khalifa (complete list) –
Bahrain: British Protectorate (complete list) –
State of Bahrain (complete list) –
Bahrain (complete list) –

Iran

Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Gilan (1920–1921)
Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947)
Persia (Qajar dynasty) – (19th century)
Sublime State of Persia (Qajar dynasty)
Imperial State of Iran (Pahlavi dynasty)
Mandatory Iraq –
Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922–1924)
Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)

Iraq

Arab Federation '(1958)
Kingdom of Iraq (complete list) –

Israel

Israel

Jordan

Emirate of Transjordan (complete list) –
Kingdom of Jordan (complete list) –
Sheikhdom of Kuwait (complete list) – (18th century)

Kuwait

Republic of Kuwait '(1990)

Lebanon

Lebanon

Oman

Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
Oman (complete list) – (18th century)

Qatar

Qatar (complete list) – (19th century)
Kingdom of Hejaz –

Saudi Arabia

Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1812)
Emirate of Nejd (1812–1891)
Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934)
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921)
Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1925)
Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (1926–1932)
Saudi Arabia (complete list) –
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration –
Kingdom of Arab Syria '(1920)

Syria

French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (1923-1946)
- Alawite State in coastal Syria (1920–1936 under French mandate of Syria)
- Jabal el Druze (state) (1921–1936 under French mandate of Syria)
- State of Aleppo (1920–1925 under French mandate of Syria)
- State of Damascus (1920–1925 under French mandate of Syria)
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) (complete list) –
Syrian Republic (1930–58) (complete list) –
Anatolian beyliks –

Turkey

Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
Ottoman Empire (c. 1281–1923)
Ankara Government of Turkey (1920–1923)
Republic of Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Trucial States (1820–1971)
United Arab Emirates
Bani Yas Abu Dhabi – (19th century)
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)

Yemen

Democratic Republic of Yemen '(1994)
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (complete list) – (1918–1962)
Federation of Arab Emirates of the South 1959–1962
Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967)

Asia: West 0.3

Bahrain

Bahrain

Emirate of Bahrain and its Dependencies (1783-1971; since 1820 part of the Trucial States under British protection)

Cyprus

Cyprus

Vilayet of the Archipelago (1867–1912) (vilayet of the Ottoman Empire)

Iran

Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)

Sublime State of Persia (1785–1925)

Oman

Oman

Imamate of Oman (751–1970) (constituent of Sultanate of Muscat and Oman)
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State) (1744–1818)
Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State) (1824–1891)
Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
Hejaz Vilayet (1872–1916)

Turkey

Turkey

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates

Trucial States (1820–1971) (British protectorate)

Yemen

Yemen

Yemen Vilayet (1872–1918) (vilayet of the Ottoman Empire)
Aden Protectorate (1869–1963)

Europe: East

Russia

Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Armenia

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

Golden Horde (1240s–1456)
Kazakh Khanate (1456-1847)
Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present)

Kyrgyzstan

Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (1924–1926) (autonomous oblast of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic)
Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936) (autonomous republic of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic)
Kyrgyz Republic (1991–present)

Tajikistan

Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1929) (autonomous Soviet socialist republic of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic)
Republic of Tajikistan (1991–present)

Turkmenistan

Russian Turkestan (1867–1918) (Krai of the Russian Empire)
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
Turkmenistan (1991–present)

Uzbekistan

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (republic of the Soviet Union 1922–1991)
Republic of Uzbekistan (1991–present)

Asia: East

Taiwan

Taiwan

Dutch Formosa (1624–1662)
Spanish Formosa (1626–1642)
Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
Taiwan Prefecture (1683–1895)
Republic of Formosa (1895)
Colony of Taiwan (1895–1945)
Republic of China (1945–present)

Japan

Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate (1600–1868) and Ryukyu Kingdom]] (1429–1879)
Empire of Japan (1868–1947)
Occupation of Japan (1947–1952)
Japan (official English full name; Japanese referred to as Nihon-koku, literally translated as "State of Japan") (1952–present)

Korea

Goryeo (complete list) –

Chungnyeol, King (1274–1298, 1298–1308)
Chungseon, King (1298, 1308–1313)
Chungsuk, King (1313–1330, 1332–1339)
Chunghye, King (1330–1332, 1339–1344)
Chungmok, King (1344–1348)
Chungjeong, King (1348–1351)
Gongmin, King (1351–1374)
U, King (1374–1388)
Chang, King (1388–1389)
Gongyang, King (1389–1392)

Korea

Joseon (1392–1897)
Korean Empire (1897-1910)
Japanese Korea (1910–1945)
People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946) (provisional government in Seoul, used as basis for modern North Korean politics)
Soviet Civil Authority (1945–1948)
Provisional People's Committee for North Korea (1946–1948)
United States Army Military Government in Korea (1945–1948)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1948–present)
Republic of Korea (1948–present)

Asia: South 3

India

Asia: Southeast 2

Indonesia

Dutch East India Company in Indonesia (1603–1800)
Dutch East Indies (1800–1949)
Republic of the United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) (autonomous republic of the Netherlands) and Netherlands New Guinea]] (1949–1962)
Republic of Indonesia (1950–present)

Laos

Kingdom of Lan Xang (1354–1707)
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1949)
Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904)
Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932)
French Protectorate of Laos (1893–1953) (constituent of French Indochina)
Kingdom of Laos (1947–1975) (French protectorate 1947–1953)
Laos People's Democratic Republic (1975–present)

Malaysia

Federated Malay States (1895–1946) and Unfederated Malay States]] (both British protectorates)
Malayan Union (1946–1948)
Federation of Malaya (1948–1963)
Malaysia (1963–present)

Myanmar

Konbaung Dynasty (1752–1885)
British India (1858–1947)
Union of Burma (1948–1962)
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962-1988)
Union of Myanmar (1988-2011)
Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present)

Philippines

Kingdom of Tondo (900–1589), Confederation of Madja-as]] (c.1200-1569), Sultanate of Sulu]] (1405-1915) and Sultanate of Maguindanao]] (1500–1888)
Spanish East Indies (1565–1898) and British Manila]] (1762-1764)
United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands (1898–1902) and República Filipina]] (1899–1901)
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (1901–1935) (territory of the United States)
Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946) and Second Philippine Republic]] (1943–1945)
Republic of the Philippines (1946–present)

Singapore

Crown Colony of Singapore (1819–1826)
Straits Settlements (1926–1946)
Colony of Singapore (1946–1963)
Singapore (1963–1965) (state of Malaysia)
Republic of Singapore (1965–present)

Thailand

Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438), Lan Na Kingdom]] (1292–1775), Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom]] (1st millennium–15th century)
Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)
Thonburi Kingdom (1768–1782)
Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932)
Kingdom of Thailand (1932–present)
Timor-Leste

East Timor

Portuguese Timor (1702–1975)
Timor Timur (1975–1999) (created during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor)
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (1999–2002)
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (2002–present)

Vietnam

French Indochina (1887–1946) (federation of existing French colonies, Vietnamese constituents below)
Colony of Cochinchina (1862–1949)
Annam Protectorate (1884–1949)
Tonkin Protectorate (1884–1949)
State of Vietnam (1949–1955) (provisional government, official successor of French Indochina)
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)
Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)
Republic of South Vietnam (1976) (existed from 1969 as Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, an underground opposition to South Vietnam, later a transitional government)
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)

Asia: West

Bahrain

Emirate of Bahrain, House of Khalifa
Since 1820 part of the Trucial States under British protection
State of Bahrain (1971–2002)
Kingdom of Bahrain (2002–present)

Cyprus

Vilayet of the Archipelago (1867–1912) (vilayet of the Ottoman Empire)
Crown Colony of Cyprus (1914–1960)
Republic of Cyprus (1960–present)

Iran

Achaemenid Empire (549 BC-330 BC)
Seleucid Empire (312 BC–63 BC)
Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD)
Sasanian Empire (224–651)
Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468)
Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1501)
Safavid Empire (1501–1736)
Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)
Sublime State of Persia (1785–1925)
Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979) (renamed from "Imperial State of Persia" in 1935)
Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)

Iraq

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration (1920–1932)
Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958)
Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan (1958)
Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
Iraqi Republic (1968–2003)
Coalition Provisional Authority (2003–2004)
Republic of Iraq (2004–present)

Israel

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948)
State of Israel (1948–present)

Jordan

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Emirate of Transjordan (1921–1946)
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1946–present)

Kuwait

State of Kuwait (1913–1990)
Republic of Kuwait (1990) (puppet state of Ba'athist Iraq)
Kuwait Governorate (1990-1991) (governorate of Ba'athist Iraq)
State of Kuwait (1990–present)

Lebanon

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
State of Greater Lebanon (1920–1943) (constituent of the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon)
Lebanese Republic (1943–present)

Oman

Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
Imamate of Oman (751–1970) (constituent of Sultanate of Muscat and Oman)
Sultanate of Oman (1970–present)

Palestine

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948)
All-Palestine Government (1948–1959)
Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt (1959–1967)
Jordanian annexation of the West Bank (1948–1967)
Palestinian Liberation Organization (1964-present)
Israeli Military Governorate (1967–1981)
Israeli Civil Administration (1981–1994)
Palestinian National Authority (1994–2013)
State of Palestine (2013–present) (claimed to be independent since 1988; an UN observer since 2013)

Qatar

Protectorate of Qatar (1916-1971) (British protectorate)
State of Qatar (1971–present)

Saudi Arabia

Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State) (1744–1818)
Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State) (1824–1891)
Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
Hejaz Vilayet (1872–1916)
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921)
Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926)
Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934)
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)

Syria

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (1917–1920)
Alawite State (1920–1936)
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
State of Aleppo (1920–1924)
State of Damascus (1920–1924)
State of Syria (1924–1930)
Syrian Republic (1930–1958)
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)
Syrian Arab Republic (opposition) (2011–present)
Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (2013–present)

Turkey

Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
Republic of Turkey (1923–present)

United Arab Emirates

Trucial States (1820–1971) (British protectorate)
United Arab Emirates (1971–present)

Yemen

Yemen Vilayet (1872–1918) (vilayet of the Ottoman Empire)
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962)
Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) (1962–1990)
Aden Protectorate (1869–1963)
Federation of South Arabia (1963–1967)
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) (1967–1990) (1967-1970 named People's Republic of Southern Yemen)
Republic of Yemen (1990–present)

Europe: East

Russia

Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547)
Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
Russian Empire (1721–1917)
Russian Republic (1917)
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) (republic of the Soviet Union 1922–1991)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
Russian Federation (1991–1993) (Retained 1978 RSFSR Constitution)
Russian Federation (1993–present)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Armenia

Achaemenid Empire (549 BC-330 BC)
Kingdom of Armenia (330 BC-428 AD)
Safavid Empire
Afsharid Empire
Qajar Empire
Ottoman Empire
Russian Empire (1828–1917)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918)
First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Republic of Armenia (1990–1995) (republic of the Soviet Union to 1991)
Republic of Armenia (1995–present)

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present)

Georgia

Kingdom of Iberia (302 BC–580 AD)
Principality of Iberia (588–1008)
Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
Coat of arms of Kartli Georgia.png Kingdom of Kartli (1490–1762)
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1800)
Russian Empire (1721–1917) (Georgian participation from 1800)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918)
Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Republic of Georgia (1991-1995)
Georgia (1995–present)

PAO

x

https://www.duolingo.com/comment/12149610/Are-an-Esperanto-vocabulary-list-and-flashcards-coming

http://remush.be/tezauro/Kontakto.html

http://legoscia.github.io/facililo/

http://esperantofre.com/faktoj/#skri

http://esperantofre.com/zagreb/eoang2500.htm

http://www.esperanto.org/stanford/vortaroj/

https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/esperanto.php

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esperanto/Appendix/Table_of_affixes

John vocab

PAO

Person-Action-Object

0: s, z, soft c
1: t, d
2: n
3: m
4: r
5: l
6: j, ch, sh, soft g
7: k, hard c, q, hard ch, hard g
8: f, ph, v
9: p, b
Unassigned: h, y, w, a, e, i, o, u
t/d n m r l j/ch/sh k/c/G f/v p/b s/z
denom or lich cave piss

^ Encyclopaedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh
^ ^a ^b Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.274
^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
^ Pandey(1993) pg197-332
^ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ Pandey(1993) pg197-332
^ Pandey(1993) pg197-332
^ "Indian Princely States K-Z".
^ Ben Cahoon. "Indian Princely States K-Z"
^ Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-521-63764-3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
^ Ben Cahoon. "Indian Princely States K-Z"
^ Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0 521 63764 3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
^ Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971, pp. 46–50.

[1] Encyclopaedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh

[michell_274-2] Michell, George & Mark Zebrowski. Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, ISBN 0-521-56321-6, p.274

[sen2-3] Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[4] Pandey(1993) pg197-332

[Gold_Coins_of_the_World-5] Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.

[6] Pandey(1993) pg197-332

[7] Pandey(1993) pg197-332

[8] "Indian Princely States K-Z".

[9] Ben Cahoon. "Indian Princely States K-Z"

[10] Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-521-63764-3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.

[11] Ben Cahoon. "Indian Princely States K-Z"

[12] Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0 521 63764 3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.

[FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50-13] Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971, pp. 46–50.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

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[13]

v t e Lists of state leaders by century
4th–3rd mill. BC	4th–3rd millennia BC
2nd millennium BC	20th century 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th BC
1st millennium BC	10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st BC
1st millennium	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th HRE
2nd millennium	11th HRE 12th HRE 13th HRE 14th HRE 15th HRE SA 16th HRE SA 17th HRE SA 18th HRE SA 19th 1801–1850 1851–1900 HRE SA 20th 1901–1950 1951–2000 SA
3rd millennium	21st 2000s 2010s 2020s current