European Commission, 2024–2029
The Second von der Leyen Commission will be the European Commission that will run through 2029. It will consist of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen , its president-designate , who is from Germany .[ 1] [ 2]
Structure of the College [ edit ]
The second Ursula von der Leyen commission will be organized on three levels:
president;
executive vice presidents;
commissioners.[ 3]
Regardless of the three-level structure of the commission, the president of the commission emphasized that all commissioners share collective responsibility for decisions made by the Commission.[ 3]
Commissioner groups [ edit ]
According to portfolios the commissioner groups will be as following:[ 4] [ 5]
President
Commissioner for Equality
Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification
Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight
Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration
Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Commissioner for Enlargement
Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
Commissioner for the Mediterranean
Commissioner for International Partnerships
Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy (Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies)
Commissioner for Defence and Space
Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration
Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law
Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy (Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market)
Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security
Commissioner for Economy and Productivity
Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union
Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms (Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities)
Commissioner for Enlargement
Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans
Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism
Commissioner for Agriculture and Food
Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness (Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights)
Commissioner for Mediterranean
Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport
Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare
Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition (Commissioner for Competition)
Commissioner for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth
Commissioner for Environment, Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy
Commissioner for Energy and Housing
Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare
Election of the President of the Commission [ edit ]
To be elected Commission President , a candidate must be proposed by the European Council with a reinforced qualified majority (at least 72% of the states representing at least 65% of the population) and receive a majority of the votes of the members of the European Parliament (at least 361 out of 720).[ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
On 17 June, an "informal meeting" of the European Council was held, where the heads of state and government discussed the next institutional cycle and their candidate for the Commission presidency.[ 9] On 25 June, negotiators from the EPP (Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Donald Tusk ), PES (Pedro Sánchez and Olaf Scholz ) and Renew Europe (Emmanuel Macron and Mark Rutte ) reached a preliminary agreement on the nominations.[ 8] [ 10]
On 27 June, during the European Council meeting, national leaders proposed Ursula von der Leyen (EPP) as candidate for President of the European Commission ,[ 11] after being named the European People's Party nominee in March 2024.[ 12] Hungary's Viktor Orban voted against von der Leyen and abstained on Kallas. Italy's Giorgia Meloni abstained from the vote on von der Leyen but voted against Costa and Kallas for their posts.[ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
Ursula von der Leyen during her statement for the candidacy of Commission President
In the following weeks, von der Leyen had bilateral meetings with EPP, S&D, Renew,[ 16] G/EFA[ 17] and ECR[ 18] groups to gather support for her re-election.[ 19] On 18 July, she presented to the European Parliament her "Political Guidelines", followed by a debate with MEPs.[ 20] [ 21] Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected president of the European Commission in a secret ballot, with 401 votes in favour, 284 against, and 22 cast blank or invalid votes.[ 22] [ 23]
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(July 2024 )
Selection of the Commissioners [ edit ]
The President-elect of the European Union invites the member states to nominate commissioners in accordance with the rules set out in the Treaty on the European Union and by the European Council . The President-elect decides on the organisation of their Commission, reviews the nominees, and presents a college of Commissioners, with each nominated Commissioner being responsible for a specific policy portfolio. The President-elect also appoints Vice Presidents among the Commissioners[ 1] [ 2] [ 22] The President-elect's proposed College of Commissioners is reviewed by the European Parliament in committee hearings.[ 1] [ 2] [ 22]
Commissioner candidates [ edit ]
On 25 July 2024, President-elect Ursula von der Leyen sent the letters to member states asking them to officially nominate candidates for the post of European Commissioner before 30 August 2024.[ 111] [ 112] [ 113] As she did with her first commission , von der Leyen called for member states to each nominate two candidates for the European Commission, a woman and a man.[ 114] However, Bulgaria is the only country to have followed Von der Leyen's request.[ 115] All the other leaders of EU member states have each nominated only one candidate, and most of them are men.[ 116] [ 113] Romania originally put forward socialist MEP Victor Negrescu but later put forward MEP Roxana Mînzatu , switching a male nominee for a female nominee.[ 117]
Percentage of Commissioners nominee by gender[ 118] [ 119]
Male
59.3% (16)
Female
40.7% (11)
Percentage of Commissioners nominee by European political party[ 118] [ 119]
EPP
48.1% (13)
PES
18.5% (5)
Ind.
18.5% (5)
ALDE
11.1% (3)
ECR
3.7% (1)
On 17 September 2024, Ursula von der Leyen announced in a press conference the college of commissioners and their portfolios.[ 120] [ 121] The share of women in the proposed commission is 40.7%, down from 44.4 percent in 2019 .[ 122] The average age of the new Commission nominees is 52, dropping from 56 in 2019.[ 122] In terms of structure, there are six Executive Vice-Presidents , down from 7 (with 3 executive vice-presidents) in 2019. The proposed College includes five returning commissioners: three of them are for a second mandate (Šuica , Várhelyi , Hoekstra ), while Dombrovskis would return for a third term, and Šefčovič for a fourth term. The portfolio repartition reflects the declared priorities, with a strong focus on competitiveness, industrial policy and defence.[ 119] [ 123]
On 19 September 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted, by common accord with the President-elect of the Commission, the list of persons whom it proposes for appointment as members of the Commission to the European Parliament .[ 124]
Commissioner nominees by member state
Commissioner[ 118] [ 119]
Hearing
Ref.
Name
Gender
EU Party (N. Party)
Member state
Assigned Portfolio[ 121]
Date[ 125]
Committee[ 126]
Decision
Magnus Brunner
EPP (ÖVP )
Austria
Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration
November 5, 2024
Confirmed
[ 127]
Hadja Lahbib
ALDE (MR )
Belgium
Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management Commissioner for Equality[ a]
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 128] [ 129]
Ekaterina Zaharieva
EPP (GERB )
Bulgaria
Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
November 5, 2024
Confirmed
Dubravka Šuica
EPP (HDZ )
Croatia
Commissioner for Mediterranean
November 5, 2024
Confirmed
[ 130]
Costas Kadis
Ind.
Cyprus
Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 131]
Jozef Síkela
Ind. [ b] (STAN )
Czechia
Commissioner for International Partnerships
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 132] [ 133]
Dan Jørgensen
PES (S )
Denmark
Commissioner for Energy and Housing
November 5, 2024
Confirmed
[ 134]
Kaja Kallas
ALDE (ER )
Estonia
Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 135]
Henna Virkkunen
EPP (Kok )
Finland
Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy and Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 136] [ 137]
Stéphane Séjourné
Ind. [ c] (RE )
France
Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy and Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 138]
Ursula von der Leyen
EPP (CDU )
Germany
President
Elected by the European Parliament on 18 July 2024
[ 139]
Apostolos Tzitzikostas
EPP (ND )
Greece
Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism
November 4, 2024
Confirmed
[ 140]
Olivér Várhelyi
Ind. [ d]
Hungary
Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 141]
Michael McGrath
ALDE (FF )
Ireland
Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law
November 4, 2024
Confirmed
[ 142]
Raffaele Fitto
ECR (FdI )
Italy
Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms and Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 143]
Valdis Dombrovskis
EPP (V )
Latvia
Commissioner for Economy and Productivity Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification[ a]
November 7, 2024
Confirmed
[ 144] [ 145]
Andrius Kubilius
EPP (TS–LKD )
Lithuania
Commissioner for Defence and Space
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 146]
Christophe Hansen
EPP (CSV )
Luxembourg
Commissioner for Agriculture and Food
November 4, 2024
Confirmed
[ 147]
Glenn Micallef
PES (PL )
Malta
Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport
November 4, 2024
Confirmed
[ 148]
Wopke Hoekstra
EPP (CDA )
Netherlands
Commissioner for Climate, Net-Zero and Clean Growth
November 7, 2024
Confirmed
[ 149]
Piotr Serafin
EPP (PO )
Poland
Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration
November 7, 2024
Confirmed
[ 150]
Maria Luís Albuquerque
EPP (PSD )
Portugal
Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union
November 6, 2024
Confirmed
[ 151]
Roxana Mînzatu
PES (PSD )
Romania
Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness and Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 117]
Maroš Šefčovič
PES (susp. )(Smer )
Slovakia
Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency[ a]
November 4, 2024
Confirmed
[ 152]
Marta Kos
Ind. [ e]
Slovenia
Commissioner for Enlargement
November 7, 2024
Confirmed
[ 153] [ 154]
Teresa Ribera
PES (PSOE )
Spain
Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition and Commissioner for Competitiveness
November 12, 2024
Confirmed
[ 155] [ 156]
Jessika Roswall
EPP (M )
Sweden
Commissioner for Environment, Water Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy
November 5, 2024
Confirmed
[ 157]
Hearings: Responsible Committee
Invited Committee
According to the Rule 129 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the confirmation hearings are conducted by the appropriate committee or committees for each commissioner.[ 158] According to the Annex VII of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the parliament has to evaluate Commissioners-designate based on their general competence, European commitment and personal independence. It has to assess knowledge of their prospective portfolio and their communication skills.[ 159] Historically, the European Parliament has rejected at least one candidate during every mandate since 2004.[ 160]
On 3 October 2024, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament agreed on the calendar for the hearings to be held from 4 November to 12 November, and decided on the division of responsibilities among committees for the confirmation hearings.[ 161]
Election of the Commission [ edit ]
The College of Commissioners are subjected to the confirmation by a majority of the votes cast by the European Parliament . Once elected by the Parliament, the Commission is formally appointed by the European Council , acting by a qualified majority.[ 1] [ 2] [ 161]
^ a b c Hadja Lahbib (Belgium), Valdis Dombrovskis (Latvia) and Maroš Šefčovič (Slovakia) have each been assigned two portfolios. For the second portfolio (Equality, Implementation and Simplification, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight) each of them will be reporting directly to the president of the Commission.
^ Mayors and Independents is in the EPP Group but does not belong to any European party.
^ Renaissance is in the Renew Europe Group but does not belong to any European party.
^ Affiliated to Fidesz , which is affiliated to the PfE Group .[ 119]
^ Affiliated to GS , which is affiliated to the Renew Europe Group .
^ a b c d "Appointment of the European Commission President and Commissioners" . Eur-Lex . Retrieved 23 August 2024 .
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^ a b "EU leaders nominate von der Leyen to head Commission for second term" . Reuters . 27 June 2024.
^ "On EU appointments, Italy stands alone with Hungary, but Meloni disagrees: "No isolation, but leadership skills" " . eunews . 27 June 2024.
^ "Von der Leyen, Costa and Kallas bag EU top jobs" . Politico Europe . 27 June 2024.
^ "EU's biggest losers hold Ursula von der Leyen's fate in their hands" . Politico Europe . 14 July 2024.
^ "Pragmatism over principle: Europe's Greens adapt to survive" . Politico Europe . 12 July 2024.
^ "Giorgia Meloni's hard-right European Parliament group split on supporting von der Leyen" . Politico Europe . 16 July 2024.
^ "Von der Leyen faces make-or-break vote on second term" . Politico Europe . 18 July 2024.
^ "Political Guidelines 2024-2029" . European Commission . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "MEPs debate with Ursula von der Leyen ahead of EP's vote on her election" . European Parliament . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ a b c "Parliament re-elects Ursula von der Leyen as Commission President" . European Parliament . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "Ursula von der Leyen wins second term as European Commission president" . Politico Europe . 18 July 2024.
^ "Ursula von der Leyen is not fit for office" . GUE/NGL . 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "S&D Group to vote in favour of Von der Leyen as Commission President" . S&D Group . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "GREENS/EFA GROUP VOTE FOR VON DER LEYEN AFTER SECURING MAJOR WINS FOR PEOPLE & PLANET" . Greens/EFA Group . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ Renew Europe [@RenewEurope] (18 July 2024). "🚨BREAKING: The #RenewEurope group has formally decided to support @vonderleyen for President of the European Commission" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ EPP Group [@EPPGroup] (18 July 2024). "Europe needs stability, vision and leadership" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ a b "VdL, ECR: majority of delegations confirm negative stance, but vote remains free" . ECR Group . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ Patriots for Europe [@PatriotsEP] (18 July 2024). "🗣️ Our Group Chair @J_Bardella: "Patriots for Europe will oppose the reappointment of Ursula von der Leyen." " (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ a b Mi Hazánk Mozgalom [@MiHazank] (18 July 2024). "🤝🏻Globalista nagykoalícióban egyesült az Európai Néppárt a balliberális táborral, és közösen szavazták meg Ursula von der Leyent az Európai Bizottság elnökének újabb 5 évre!" (Tweet ) (in Hungarian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Eurodeputati PD (18 July 2024). "Abbiamo deciso di sostenere Ursula von der Leyen alla Presidenza della Commissione Europea, riconfermandola per un secondo mandato" (in Italian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ a b c d e f g h i "Los socios de Sánchez y Vox votan en contra de Von der Leyen, que sí cuenta con el apoyo de PSOE y PP" . El Español (in Spanish). 19 July 2024.
^ a b c d e Timo Lehmann (18 July 2024). "Darum stimmt die FDP gegen von der Leyen – und darum unterstützen die Grünen sie" . Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ a b c d "Realegerea lui von der Leyen, salutată de PSD și PNL. AUR anunță că a votat împotriva ei" . Hotnews . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024 .
^ "Socialdemokraternas krav har gett resultat – därför röstade vi ja till von der Leyen" (in Swedish). Swedish Social Democratic Party . 18 July 2024.
^ a b c d e "EU-Parlament bestätigt von der Leyen an Kommissionsspitze" . Austria Press Agency (in Austrian German). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ a b Bas Eickhout [@BasEickhout] (18 July 2024). "Met steun van GroenLinks-PvdA is @vonderleyen vandaag herkozen als voorzitter van de Europese Commissie. Haar politieke programma en het feit dat de we hiermee voorkomen dat extreemrechts onderdeel is van de politieke meerderheid, waren daarbij leidend. 🧵" (Tweet ) (in Dutch) – via Twitter .
^ a b c "Ursulu Von der Leyen podržali svi hrvatski europarlamentarci osim Bartulice" . n1info.hr (in Croatian). N1 . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024 .
^ a b c d e f g h Belga (18 July 2024). "Belgische politieke partijen verdeeld over steun aan Von der Leyen" . ENR . Retrieved 22 July 2024 .
^ "Volt Europa (@volteuropa) Why the 5 Volt MEPs took the tough decision to vote FOR von der Leyen - and double down on reforming the bad process that put her in this role" . www.instagram.com . Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ a b c d "Crossfire on Meloni. Italian MEPs in front of von der Leyen's second term" . eunews . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024 .
^ Kira Marie Peter-Hansen (18 July 2024). "Vi har sikret EU's klimalov😍💚💪🏼" (in Danish). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ a b c d e Nyheter, S. V. T. (18 July 2024). "Sverige väntas ge von der Leyen nytt förtroende" . SVT Nyheter (in Swedish).
^ "Europarlamentaarikot Ohisalo ja Niinistö: Ilmastotoimien vauhdittaminen ja oikeusvaltion puolustaminen ovat syy tukea von der Leyeniä jatkokaudelle komission johtoon" . STT Info (in Finnish). 22 July 2024.
^ Virginijus Sinkevičius (18 July 2024). "Oficialu: Europos Komisijos Pirmininkė Ursula von Der Leyen gavo mandatą antrai kadencijai iš viso surinkusi 401 balsų Europos Parlamente" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Markétka Gregorová 🦄 [@MarketkaG] (18 July 2024). "Podpořila jsem Ursulu von der Leyen" (Tweet ) (in Czech). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Sara Matthieu (18 July 2024). "Ik geef Von der Leyen vandaag het voordeel van de twijfel" (in Flemish). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ a b Radan Kanev [@rmkanev] (18 July 2024). "Днес ЕП избра, с таен вот, Урсула фон дер Лайен за втори мандат начело на ЕК" (Tweet ) (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Emma Wiesner [@emmawiesner] (18 July 2024). "Helt klart kan mer läggas till - nu ser vi till att det blir så och att detta VERKLIGEN genomförs! ✅ Centerpartiet röstar JA till von der Leyen idag!" (Tweet ) (in Swedish) – via Twitter .
^ Marjan Šarec (18 July 2024). "O Ursuli von der Leyen se te dni krešejo mnenja in rezultat glasovanja bo izjemno pomemben" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Dainius Žalimas (18 July 2024). "Su kolegomis prognozavome, kiek balsų gaus Ursula von der Leyen skiriant ją EK pirmininke" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ a b c d e f g "Ursula von der Leyen wins second term: How Ireland's MEPs voted" . BreakingNews.ie . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024 .
^ All three TS-LKD MEPs announced their support:
^ a b ERR (18 July 2024). "Ursula von der Leyen jätkab Euroopa Komisjoni presidendina" . ERR (in Estonian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ Matej Tonin (12 July 2024). "Danes sem se udeležil brifinga z novinarji v Hiši EU" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Tomáš Zdechovský (18 July 2024). "Můj hlas Ursula von der Leyen má! ⬇️" (in Czech). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ "18 Jul MdEP Manuela Ripa (ÖDP – die Naturschutzpartei)zur Wiederwahl Ursula von der Leyens" . Manuela Ripa (in German). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "N-VA steunt nieuw ambtstermijn Europees Commissievoorzitter von der Leyen" . New Flemish Alliance (in Flemish). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ Two out of the threeODS MEPs announced their support:
^ "Nous serons l'opposition sociale à Ursula Von der Leyen" . Workers' Party of Belgium (in French). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024 .
^ a b Özlem Alev Demirel [@OezlemADemirel] (16 July 2024). "Let's get it started!" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Per Clausen (18 July 2024). "Fem år mere med Ursula Von der Leyen som formand for EU-Kommissionen" (in Danish). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Deputados do PCP no PE (18 July 2024). "Úrsula Von der Leyen: solução para as multinacionais mas não para os povos" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ "Kristian Vigenin: I will vote against Ursula von der Leyen's candidacy for EU Commission President" (in Bulgarian). 17 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024 .
^ "Η εκλογή της φον ντερ Λάιεν και το … «δίλημμα»" (in Cypriot Greek). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Matjaž Nemec [@MatjaNemec] (18 July 2024). "Ursula van der Leyen ni dobila mojega glasu podpore" (Tweet ) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ "Élection d'Ursula von der Leyen : la délégation Europe écologie n'apporte pas son soutien" . Europe Ecologie (in French). 12 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024 .
^ Vladimir Prebilič (12 July 2024). "🇪🇺 3, 2, 1 ... odštevamo do ustanovne seje" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Jaume Asens [@Jaumeasens] (18 July 2024). "Avui he votat en contra la presidència de Von der Leyen. Tot i que ha acceptat fer un cordó sanitari a l'extrema dreta i avançar amb el Pacte verd o amb drets socials; tenim masses discrepàncies. La seva política és còmplice del genocidi a Gaza o dels milers de morts en les nostres fronteres" (Tweet ) (in Catalan) – via Twitter .
^ Engin Eroglu [@EnginEroglu_FW] (18 July 2024). "Als FREIE WÄHLER haben wir schon im letzten Mandat gegen Ursula #vonderLeyen gestimmt und ich sehe keinen Grund, unsere Meinung zu ändern" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Fx Bellamy [@fxbellamy] (18 July 2024). "Le Parlement a voté aujourd'hui pour renouveler le mandat d'Ursula von der Leyen" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ RomanaTomc [@RomanaTomc] (18 July 2024). "Von der Leyen nikoli ni bila naša izbira" (Tweet ) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ "Meloni-EU Spat on Show as Her MEPs Oppose New Von Der Leyen Term" . Bloomberg.com . 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024 .
^ Anna Zalewska 🇵🇱 [@AnnaZalewskaMEP] (18 July 2024). "Europoslwoie @pisorgpl zagłosują przeciw kandydaturze Urszuli von der Leyen na szefową Komisji Europejskiej! 🇵🇱🇪🇺" (Tweet ) (in Polish). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ SD i Europaparlamentet [@sdeuparlamentet] (18 July 2024). "Ursula @vonderleyen förtjänar inte fem år till" (Tweet ). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ a b Marion Maréchal [@MarionMarechal] (18 July 2024). "Soutien à l'immigration massive, enfer fiscal et normatif, fanatisme vert, wokisme… rien dans l'agenda idéologique de von der Leyen n'est compatible avec notre vision de l'Europe" (Tweet ) (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ ADR - Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei (18 July 2024). "Den ADR-Europadeputéierte Fernand Kartheiser stëmmt haut géint d'Ursula von der Leyen als nei Kommissiounspresidentin - an dat aus guddem Grond!" (in Luxembourgish). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ Aurelijus Veryga (18 July 2024). "Ką tik Europos Parlamente įvyko balsavimas dėl Europos komisijos vadovės Ursulos fon der Leyen" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ "Bartulica: Nisam tražio odgovor od Ursule von der Leyen, zakasnio sam" . N1 (in Croatian). 17 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024 .
^ Има Такъв Народ (18 July 2024). "🍀⚔️🍀 Ивайло Вълчев e "против" кандидатурата на Урсула фон дер Лайен за председател на EK" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook .
^ "SGP stemt tegen Von der Leyen" . Reformed Political Party (in Dutch). 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024 .
^ Rassemblement National [@RNational_off] (18 July 2024). "🔴 Vos élus RN - @PatriotesEurope - se sont opposés à la réélection d'U. von der Leyen à la tête de la Commission européenne !" (Tweet ) (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
^ Lega - Salvini Premier [@LegaSalvini] (18 July 2024). "💪 La Lega e il gruppo dei Patrioti per l'Europa vota compatta NO a Ursula!" (Tweet ) (in Italian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter .
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Jean Rey (Rey Commission, 1967–70 )
Franco Maria Malfatti (Malfatti Commission, 1970–72 )
Sicco Mansholt (Mansholt Commission, 1972–73 )
François-Xavier Ortoli (Ortoli Commission, 1973–77 )
Roy Jenkins (Jenkins Commission, 1977–81 )
Gaston Thorn (Thorn Commission, 1981–85 )
Jacques Delors (Delors Commission, 1985–95 )
Jacques Santer (Santer Commission, 1995–99 )
Acting: Manuel Marín (Santer Commission, 1999 )
Romano Prodi (Prodi Commission, 1999–2004 )
José Durão Barroso (Barroso Commission, 2004–09 )