View source for mountaineer

==English==

===Etymology===
From {{suf|en|mountain|eer}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪə̯(ɹ)/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪɹ/|[ˌmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ]|[ˌmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ]|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-mountaineer.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪə(ɹ)|s=3}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# {{lb|en|now|rare}} A person who [[live]]s in a [[mountainous]] [[area]] (often with the [[connotation]] that such people are [[outlaw]]s or [[uncivilized]]). {{defdate|from 16th c.}}
#: {{syn|en|highlander|mountainer}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Cymbeline|IV|2|text=This was my master,<br>A very valiant Briton and a good,<br>That here by '''mountaineers''' lies slain.}}
#* {{RQ:Milton Comus|page=15|text=No savage fierce, bandite, or '''mountaneer'''<br>Will dare to soyle her virgin puritie}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1786|author={{w|Richard Cumberland (dramatist)|Richard Cumberland}}|title=The Observer|location=London|publisher=C. Dilly|volume=1|number=20|page=184|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004877346.0001.001|text=A '''mountaineer''' can tread firm upon a precipice and walk erect without tottering along the path, that winds itself about the craggy cliff, on which he has his dwelling; whilst the inhabitant of the valley travels with affright and danger over the giddy pass {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1822|author=w:William Hazlitt|chapter=On the Fear of Death|title=w:Table-Talk|location=London|publisher=Henry Colburn|volume=2|page=388|url=https://archive.org/details/tabletalkororigi02hazl
|passage=The '''mountaineer''' will not leave his rock, nor the savage his hut; neither are we willing to give up our present mode of life, with all its advantages and disadvantages, for any other that could be substituted for it.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1969|author=w:Maya Angelou|title=w:I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings|location=New York|publisher=Random House|year_published=2002|chapter=30|page=228|url=https://archive.org/details/iknowwhycagedbir00ange_0
|passage=My formal Spanish must have sounded as pretentious to the ears of the ''[[paisano]]'' as “Whither goeth my sire?” would have sounded to a semi-literate {{w|Ozarks|Ozark}} '''mountaineer'''.}}
# A person who [[climb]]s [[mountain]]s for [[sport]] or [[pleasure]]. {{defdate|from 19th c.}}
#: {{syn|en|alpinist|cragsman|mountain climber}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1795|author=w:Samuel Jackson Pratt|title=Gleanings through Wales, Holland and Westphalia|location=London|editor=T. N. Longman; L. B. Seeley|volume=1|section=Supplementary Letters, Letter{{nbsp}}3|page=408|url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004853688.0001.001|text=He first took me into Switzerland, and had he kept me there till now, amidst the scenery with which his pen and pencil brought me acquainted, I should have looked on myself as a very happy '''mountaineer''', and him as a delightful guide!}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1885|author=w:Robert Louis Stevenson|chapter=The Hayloft|title={{w|A Child's Garden of Verses|A Child’s Garden of Verses}}|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|page=48|url=https://archive.org/details/achildsgardenve04stevgoog|text=These green and sweetly smelling crops<br>They led in waggons home;<br>And they piled them here in mountain tops<br>For '''mountaineers''' to roam.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1925|author=w:Virginia Woolf|title=w:Mrs. Dalloway|location=New York|publisher=Modern Library|page=223|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.14581|text={{...}} zigzagging precipices with '''mountaineers''' ascending roped together {{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} An [[animal]] or [[plant]] that is [[native]] to a mountainous area.
#* '''1786''', {{w|George Culley}}, ''Observations on Live Stock,'' London: G. G. J. & J. Robinson, p.{{nbsp}}92,<sup>[http://name.umdl.umich.edu/004888087.0001.000]</sup>
#*: This hardy race [of sheep] differ from our other breeds, not only in their dark complection and horns, but principally in the long coarse shagged wool which grows upon these '''mountaineers'''.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1863|author=w:Thomas Henry Huxley|title={{w|Man's Place in Nature|Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature}}|location=London|publisher=Williams and Norgate|chapter=1|pages=26–27|url=https://archive.org/details/evidenceastomans63thom
|passage={{...}} the [[gibbon|Gibbons]] are true '''mountaineers''', loving the slopes and edges of the hills, though they rarely ascend beyond the limit of the fig-trees.}}
#* '''1892''', Sutton and Sons, Reading, ''The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers,'' London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 5th edition, p.{{nbsp}}217,<sup>[https://archive.org/details/vegetabcultureof00suttrich]</sup>
#*: There really is no need of artificial heat, for the {{taxlink|Primula auricula|species|Auricula}} is a '''mountaineer''', and can endure both frost and snow.
# A bird of the genus {{taxfmt|Oreonympha|genus}}; also called the [[bearded mountaineer]] or [[eastern mountaineer]]

====Derived terms====
{{der2|en|common woodshrike|large woodshrike|Malabar woodshrike|Sri Lanka woodshrike}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|someone who lives in a mountainous area}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|malësor|m}}, {{t+|sq|malësore|f}}, {{t+|sq|lekë}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|плани́нец|m}}, {{t|bg|плани́нка|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|山民|tr=shānmín}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vuoristolainen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|montagnard|m}}, {{t+|fr|montagnarde|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Bergbewohner|m}}, {{t+|de|Bergbewohnerin|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|montanaro|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|山人|tr=やまびと, yamabito|sc=Jpan}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|таулық}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|го́рјанин|m}}, {{t|mk|го́рјанка|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|góral|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|monteiro|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|го́рец|m}}
* Vilamovian: {{t|wym|giörol|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one who climbs mountains for sport or pleasure}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ալպինիստ}}, {{t+|hy|լեռնագնաց}}
* Basque: {{t|eu|mendizale}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|алпини́ст|m}}, {{t+|bg|планина́р|m}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|alpinista|m|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|登山家|tr=dēngshānjiā}}, {{t|cmn|[[登山]][[運動員]]|tr=dēngshān yùndòngyuán}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|horolezec|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|alpisto}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|vuorikiipeilijä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|alpiniste|m|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|alpinista|m|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Bergsteiger|m}}, {{t+|de|Bergsteigerin|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|ορειβάτης}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hegymászó}}, {{t+|hu|alpinista}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|alpinista|m|f}}, {{t+|it|escursionista|m|f}}, {{t+|it|scalatore|m}}, {{t|it|scalatrice|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|登山家|tr=とざんか, tozanka|sc=Jpan}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|таушы}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|등산가(登山家)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t|ckb|شاخەوان}}
* Latin: {{t|la|oribata|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|пла́нинар|m}}, {{t|mk|плани́нарка|f}}, {{t|mk|алпини́ст|m}}, {{t|mk|алпини́стка|f}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|уулчин}}
*: Mongolian: {{t|mn|ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠨ}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|fjellklatrer|m}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|fjellklatrar|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|alpinista}}, {{t+|pl|alpinistka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|alpinista|m|f}}, {{t+|pt|montanhista|m|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|alpinist|m}}, {{t+|ro|alpinistă|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|альпини́ст|m}}, {{t+|ru|альпини́стка|f}}, {{t+|ru|скалола́з|m}}, {{t+|ru|скалола́зка|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t|sh|alpinist|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|alpinist|m}}, {{t|sl|alpinistka|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|alpinista|m|f}}, {{t|es|montañista|m|f}}, {{t|es|montañero}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|bergsbestigare|c}}, {{t|sv|bergsklättrare|c}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|mamumundok}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|alpinist}}, {{t+|tr|dağcı}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To climb mountains; to climb using the techniques of a mountaineer.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1872|author=w:James Payn|title=Cecil’s Tryst|location=Leipzig|publisher=Bernhard Tauchnitz|chapter=23|page=245|url=https://archive.org/details/cecilstrystanov00payngoog
|passage={{...}} they had returned in safety to Europe, and were now in Switzerland, where they were '''mountaineering''' with great vigour.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1920|editor=Geoffrey Winthrop Young|title=Mountain Craft|url=https://archive.org/details/mountaincraft00younrich|page=345|publisher=Scribner|location=New York
|passage={{...}} no one who has '''mountaineered''' or travelled much in uncharted ground with men of very divergent or very similar powers of sight or experience will be found to discredit [the] positive but entirely accidental possession [of a sense of direction].}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1951|author={{w|John Buchan, 2nd Baron Tweedsmuir|Lord Tweedsmuir}}|title=Hudson’s Bay Trader,|location=New York|publisher=Norton|chapter=12|page=170|url=https://archive.org/details/hudsonsbaytrader0000twee_u7k3
|passage=At the open water we bore to the westerly shore and started to '''mountaineer''' over the [[hummock]]s piled on the land.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|figurative}} To climb as if on a mountain.
#: {{syn|en|clamber|hike}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1903|author=w:E. M. Forster|chapter=Alberto Empedocle|title=The Life to Come, and Other Stories|url=https://archive.org/details/lifetocomeothers0000fors|page=47|publisher=Penguin|year_published=1975
|passage=There is a well-made path, which makes a circuit over the mass [of ruins], and is amply sufficient for all rational tourists. Those who wish to see more have to go '''mountaineering''' over gigantic columns and pilasters, and squeeze their way through passes of cut stone.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1940|author=w:Sylvia Townsend Warner|chapter=The Castle of Carabas|editor=Barbara Silverberg|title=Kitten Caboodle: A Collection of Feline Fiction|location=New York|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|year_published=1969|page=124|url=https://archive.org/details/kittencaboodleco00silv
|passage={{...}} he sat up and shook his ears once or twice, and then sprang lightly off the window-sill and began to '''mountaineer''' about the contents of the garret.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1990|author=w:Lindsey Davis|title=w:Shadows in Bronze|location=New York|publisher=Crown|chapter=12|page=90|url=https://archive.org/details/bridgetjonessdiafie00fiel
|passage=Petro’s approach to fatherhood was pretty calm; he carried on with whatever he wanted to do while his rumbustious tots '''mountaineered''' all over him.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1996|author=w:Helen Fielding|title={{w|Bridget Jones's Diary|Bridget Jones’s Diary}}|publisher=Penguin|chapter=August|page=173|url=https://archive.org/details/bridgetjonessdiafie00fiel
|passage={{...}} when I got there it had started and there were no seats left. Secretly relieved, I walked or rather '''mountaineered''' back to the flat {{...}}}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|en|mountaineering}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aeeimnnortu|enumeration}}

{{C|en|Hummingbirds|People}}