甜: difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 03:48, 11 October 2024

See also: 甛

甜	U+751C, 甜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-751C

← 甛
[U+751B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

甝 →
[U+751D]

Translingual

Han character

甜 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹口廿一 (HRTM), four-corner 2467₀, composition ⿰舌甘)

Derived characters

憇, 㵇, 𭗌

Related characters

甛 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 754, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21656
Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2414, character 9
Unihan data for U+751C

Chinese

trad.		甜
simp. ^#		甜
alternative forms		甛䑚𭥹䣶餂／𱃺甛䑚𭥹䣶餂／𱃺𩚵𥑠𦧩

Wikipedia has articles on:

甜 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
甜 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 甜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
銛	koːd, slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	koːd, l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舌 (“tongue”) + 甘 (“sweet”). Rearrangement of 甛.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ljam (“sweet; fragrant”) (STEDT). Compare Tibetan ཞིམ (zhim, “tasty”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tián (tian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tian²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тян (ti͡an, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tim⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam³
Gan (Wiktionary): tien²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thiàm

(Hailu, HRS): tiam

(Meixian, Guangdong): tiam²
Jin (Wiktionary): tie¹
Northern Min (KCR): dǎng
Eastern Min (BUC): diĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiⁿ / tiâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): diam⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶di / ²die / ²dien
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tián
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tián
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien²
  - Yale: tyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛn²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тян (ti͡an, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tim⁴
  - Yale: tìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiam²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tien²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛn²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯am¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tiam
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiam⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tiam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰiam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǎng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiⁿ / tiâm
  - Tâi-lô: tinn / tiâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvy, diaam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tĩ⁴⁴/, /tiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tĩ³³/, /tiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tĩ⁴⁴/, /tiam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tĩ⁴⁴/, /tiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tĩ⁴⁴/, /tiam²³/

Note:

tiⁿ - vernacular;
tiâm - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: diam⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiâm
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶di
  - MiniDict: di^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³di
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²die
  - MiniDict: die^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /dɪ²²³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²dien
  - MiniDict: dien^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /diẽ̞²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 甜
Mandarin	Beijing	/tʰian³⁵/
	Harbin	/tʰian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/tʰian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/tʰiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʰiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tʰian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/tʰiã²⁴/
	Xining	/tʰiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tʰian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/tʰiɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/tʰian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/tʰiɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/tʰian³¹/
	Guiyang	/tʰian²¹/
	Kunming	/tʰiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/tʰien²⁴/
	Hefei	/tʰiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tʰie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/tʰie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/di²³/
	Suzhou	/diɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/diẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/di³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰe⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/tiɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/tiẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/diẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰiɛn²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰiam¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʰiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tʰim²¹/
	Nanning	/tʰim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/tʰim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiam³⁵/ /tĩ⁵⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tieŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/taŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tiam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔdiam³¹/

Middle Chinese: dem

Rime
Character	甜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒兼切
Baxter	dem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dem/
Pan Wuyun	/dem/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛm/
Li Rong	/dem/
Wang Li	/diem/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'iːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	甜
Reading #	1/1
No.	12408
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	甜
Old Chinese	/*l'iːm/

Definitions

甜

sweet
(figurative) pleasant; comfortable; happy
(figurative, of sleep) sound
(dialectal) bland; tasteless; not salty
(dialectal) delicious; tasty
(neologism, of a price) cheap; inexpensive
(figurative) romantic
(Hong Kong Cantonese) Euphemistic form of 鹹／咸 (haam⁴, “erotic”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 甜 (“sweet”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甘, 甜
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		甜
Northeastern Mandarin	Chengde	甜
	Chifeng	甜
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	甜
	Heihe	甜
	Qiqihar	甜
	Harbin	甜
	Jiamusi	甜
	Baicheng	甜
	Changchun	甜
	Tonghua	甜
	Shenyang	甜
	Jinzhou	甜
	Singapore	甜
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	甜
	Tangshan	甜
	Cangzhou	甜
	Baoding	甜
	Shijiazhuang	甜
	Lijin	甜
	Jinan	甜
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	甜
	Dandong	甜
	Yantai	甜
	Yantai (Muping)	甜
	Qingdao	甜
	Zhucheng	甜
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	甜
	Lingbao	甜
	Jining	甜
	Wanrong	甜
	Linfen	甜
	Shangqiu	甜
	Yuanyang	甜
	Zhengzhou	甜
	Xinyang	甜
	Baihe	甜
	Xi'an	甜
	Baoji	甜
	Tianshui	甜
	Xining	甜
	Xuzhou	甜
	Fuyang	甜
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	甜
	Lanzhou	甜
	Dunhuang	甜
	Hami	甜
	Ürümqi	甜
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	甜
	Nanchong	甜
	Dazhou	甜
	Hanyuan	甜
	Xichang	甜
	Zigong	甜
	Chongqing	甜
	Wuhan	甜
	Yichang	甜
	Xiangyang	甜
	Tianmen	甜
	Guiyang	甜
	Zunyi	甜
	Bijie	甜
	Liping	甜
	Zhaotong	甜
	Dali	甜
	Kunming	甜
	Mengzi	甜
	Guilin	甜
	Liuzhou	甜
	Jishou	甜
	Changde	甜
	Hanzhong	甜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	甜
	Yangzhou	甜
	Lianyungang	甜
	Lianshui	甜
	Nantong	甜
	Anqing	甜
	Wuhu	甜
	Hefei	甜
	Hong'an	甜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	甜
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	甜
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	甜
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	甜
	Dongguan	甜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	甜
Gan	Nanchang	甜
	Lichuan	甜
	Pingxiang	甜
Hakka	Meixian	甜
	Yudu	甜
	Hong Kong	甜
Huizhou	Jixi	甜
Huizhou	Shexian	甜
Jin	Taiyuan	甜
	Yangyuan	甜
	Datong	甜
	Xinzhou	甜
	Lüliang (Lishi)	甜
	Changzhi	甜
	Linhe	甜
	Jining	甜
	Hohhot	甜
	Erenhot	甜
	Pingshan	甜
	Zhangjiakou	甜
	Handan	甜
	Linzhou	甜
	Suide	甜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	甜
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	甜
Southern Min	Xiamen	甜
	Tainan	甜
	Singapore (Hokkien)	甜
	Manila (Hokkien)	甜
	Chaozhou	甜
	Singapore (Teochew)	甜
	Leizhou	甜
	Haikou	甜
	Singapore (Hainanese)	甜
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	甜
Wu	Shanghai	甜
	Shanghai (Chongming)	甜
	Suzhou	甜
	Danyang	甜
	Hangzhou	甜
	Ningbo	甜
	Wenzhou	甜
	Jinhua	甜
Xiang	Changsha	甜
	Xiangxiang	甜
	Loudi	甜
	Shuangfeng	甜

Dialectal synonyms of 淡 (“bland; tasteless; not salty”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		淡
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	淡, 口輕
	Taiwan	淡
	Harbin	淡
	Singapore	淡
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	淡, 甜, 口輕
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	善
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	甜
	Wanrong	甜
	Xi'an	甜, 淡
	Xining	甜, 淡
	Xuzhou	淡
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	淡
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	淡
	Wuhan	淡
	Guiyang	淡
	Guilin	淡
	Liuzhou	淡
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	淡
	Yangzhou	淡
	Hefei	淡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	淡
	Hong Kong	淡
	Dongguan	淡
	Yangjiang	淡
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	淡
Gan	Nanchang	淡
	Lichuan	淡
	Pingxiang	淡
Hakka	Meixian	淡
	Yudu	淡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	淡
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	淡
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	淡
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	淡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	淡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	淡
	Senai (Huiyang)	淡
Jin	Taiyuan	淡, 甜
Jin	Xinzhou	甜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	䭕
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	䭕
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	䭕
	Jianyang	䭕
	Wuyishan	䭕
	Pucheng (Shibei)	䭕
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	䭕
	Fuzhou (Changle)	䭕
	Fuqing	䭕
	Yongtai	䭕
	Gutian	䭕
	Fu'an	䭕
	Ningde	䭕
	Shouning	䭕
	Zhouning	䭕
	Fuding	䭕
Southern Min	Xiamen	䭕
	Quanzhou	䭕
	Yongchun	䭕
	Zhangzhou	䭕
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	䭕
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	䭕
	Zhangpu	䭕
	Zhao'an	䭕
	Penang (Hokkien)	䭕
	Singapore (Hokkien)	䭕
	Chaozhou	䭕
	Shantou	䭕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	䭕
	Jieyang	䭕
	Haifeng	䭕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	䭕
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	䭕
	Leizhou	䭕
	Haikou	䭕
Puxian Min	Putian	䭕
Central Min	Yong'an	䭕
Central Min	Sanming (Shaxian)	䭕
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	淡
Wu	Shanghai	淡
	Shanghai (Chongming)	淡
	Suzhou	淡
	Danyang	淡
	Hangzhou	淡
	Ningbo	淡
	Wenzhou	淡
	Jinhua	淡
Xiang	Changsha	淡
	Loudi	淡
	Shuangfeng	淡

Compounds

References

“甜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

甜

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten)
Kun: うまい (umai)

Korean

Hanja

甜 (eumhun 달 첨 (dal cheom))

hanja form^? of 첨 (“sweet”)