λιώνω
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Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- λειώνω (leióno) (etymological spelling)
Etymology
[edit]- Common spelling λιώνω (lióno), according to Evangelos Petrounias[1]: From Byzantine Greek λιώνω (liṓnō) from Ancient Greek λειῶ (leiô), from λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”), with simplification of spelling.
- Spelling λειώνω (leióno) As in Kriaras[2] and according to Babiniotis.[3] (without simplification).
λιώνω (lióno) is the most common spelling, although λειώνω (leióno) strictly speaking is more etymologically accurate.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]λιώνω • (lióno) (past έλιωσα, passive —, ppp λιωμένος)
- (transitive, intransitive) to melt (make something liquid by heat)
- Φάε το παγωτό σου πριν λιώσει.
- Fáe to pagotó sou prin liósei.
- Eat your ice cream before it melts.
- Λιώστε το βούτυρο και προσθέστε το στην ζάχαρη.
- Lióste to voútyro kai prosthéste to stin záchari.
- Melt(plural V-form) the butter and add it to the sugar.
- (transitive, intransitive) to dissolve (make something blend into liquid)
- Το χάπι έλιωσε στο ποτήρι.
- To chápi éliose sto potíri.
- The pill dissolved in the glass.
- Πρέπει να λιώσεις την ασπιρίνη με νερό πρώτα.
- Prépei na lióseis tin aspiríni me neró próta.
- You have to dissolve the aspirin in water first.
- (transitive) to crush, mash (reduce to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure)
- Μηχανή για να λιώσεις σταφύλια.
- Michaní gia na lióseis stafýlia.
- A machine that crushes grapes.
- (transitive, figuratively) to crush, destroy (completely eradicate someone/something)
- Αν δεν παραιτηθείς, θα σε λιώσω.
- An den paraititheís, tha se lióso.
- If you don't give up, I will destroy you.
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) to wear out (break down or destroy by overuse)
- Έχω λιώσει πολλά παπούτσια.
- Écho liósei pollá papoútsia.
- I've worn out many shoes.
- Το λάστιχο του αυτοκινήτου έλιωσε.
- To lásticho tou aftokinítou éliose.
- The car's tyre wore out.
- (intransitive, figuratively) to waste away (become very thin and weak through illness etc)
- Η καημένη η γιαγιά έλιωσε από την αρρώστια.
- I kaïméni i giagiá éliose apó tin arróstia.
- Poor Granny has been wasting away from the illness.
- (intransitive, figuratively) to be exhausted (through overwork, exertion etc)
- Λιώνω από την δουλειά τις περασμένες εβδομάδες.
- Lióno apó tin douleiá tis perasménes evdomádes.
- I'm drowning in work these past few weeks.
- (intransitive, figuratively) to burn up (usually through love or infatuation)
- Λιώνω γι’ αυτόν αλλά αυτός ούτε με ξέρει.
- Lióno gi’ aftón allá aftós oúte me xérei.
- I'm burning up over him but he doesn't even known me.
- (intransitive, figuratively, of a corpse) to decompose, rot
- Όταν λιώσει το σώμα, τότε θα κάνουμε την εκταφή των οστών.
- Ótan liósei to sóma, tóte tha kánoume tin ektafí ton ostón.
- When the body decomposes, then we'll exhume the bones.
Conjugation
[edit]λιώνω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | λιώνω | λιώσω | ||
| 2 sg | λιώνεις | λιώσεις | ||
| 3 sg | λιώνει | λιώσει | ||
| 1 pl | λιώνουμε, [‑ομε] | λιώσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
| 2 pl | λιώνετε | λιώσετε | ||
| 3 pl | λιώνουν(ε) | λιώσουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | έλιωνα | έλιωσα | ||
| 2 sg | έλιωνες | έλιωσες | ||
| 3 sg | έλιωνε | έλιωσε | ||
| 1 pl | λιώναμε | λιώσαμε | ||
| 2 pl | λιώνατε | λιώσατε | ||
| 3 pl | έλιωναν, λιώναν(ε) | έλιωσαν, λιώσαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα λιώνω ➤ | θα λιώσω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα λιώνεις, … | θα λιώσεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … λιώσει έχω, έχεις, … λιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
είμαι, είσαι, … λιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice) | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … λιώσει είχα, είχες, … λιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
ήμουν, ήσουν, … λιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … λιώσει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … λιωμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … λιωμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | λιώνε | λιώσε | ||
| 2 pl | λιώνετε | λιώστε | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | λιώνοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας λιώσει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | λιωμένος, -η, -ο ➤ | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | λιώσει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- (melt): υγροποιώ (ygropoió), ρευστοποιώ (refstopoió), τήκω (tíko)
- (dissolve): διαλύω (dialýo)
- (crush, mash): συνθλίβω (synthlívo), συντρίβω (syntrívo), πολτοποιώ (poltopoió)
- (wear out): παλιώνω (palióno)
- (lose weight): αδυνατίζω (adynatízo)
- (decompose, rot): σαπίζω (sapízo)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “melt”): παγώνω (pagóno, “congeal, freeze”), πήζω (pízo, “congeal, curdle”)
- (antonym(s) of “lose weight”): παχαίνω (pachaíno, “gain weight, fatten”), γεμίζω (gemízo, “fill in, fatten”)
References
[edit]- ^ λιώνω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language (Etymologies at DSMG were written by Evangelos Petrounias.)
- ^ λειώνω - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.) (The lemma λιώνω redirects to λειώνω.)
- ^ λιώνω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.