φθέγγομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Apparently from a stem φθεγ- (phtheg-) with added ablaut and nasalization, of unclear further origin. Semantically similar forms with superficial phonetic resemblance exist in Balto-Slavic, like Russian звягать (zvjagatʹ, “to bark, yap”), Lithuanian žvéngti (“to neigh”), and Lithuanian speñgti (“(of the ears) to resound, bite, hum, drone”); however, theories connecting the Greek to these terms suffer from phonological issues.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰtʰéŋ.ɡo.mai̯/ → /ˈɸθeŋ.ɡo.mɛ/ → /ˈfθeŋ.ɡo.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰtʰéŋ.ɡo.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰtʰeŋ.ɡo.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸθeŋ.ɡo.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfθeŋ.ɡo.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfθeŋ.ɡo.me/

Verb

φθέγγομαι • (phthéngomai)

1. to make a sound, utter
2. to speak loudly, shout, cry out, proclaim
3. to sing, praise, celebrate

Inflection

   Present: φθέγγομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	φθέγγομαι	φθέγγῃ, φθέγγει	φθέγγεται	φθέγγεσθον	φθέγγεσθον	φθεγγόμεθᾰ	φθέγγεσθε	φθέγγονται
	subjunctive	φθέγγωμαι	φθέγγῃ	φθέγγηται	φθέγγησθον	φθέγγησθον	φθεγγώμεθᾰ	φθέγγησθε	φθέγγωνται
	optative	φθεγγοίμην	φθέγγοιο	φθέγγοιτο	φθέγγοισθον	φθεγγοίσθην	φθεγγοίμεθᾰ	φθέγγοισθε	φθέγγοιντο
	imperative		φθέγγου	φθεγγέσθω	φθέγγεσθον	φθεγγέσθων		φθέγγεσθε	φθεγγέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						φθέγγεσθαι
participle	m					φθεγγόμενος
	f					φθεγγομένη
	n					φθεγγόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐφθεγγόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐφθεγγόμην	ἐφθέγγου	ἐφθέγγετο	ἐφθέγγεσθον	ἐφθεγγέσθην	ἐφθεγγόμεθᾰ	ἐφθέγγεσθε	ἐφθέγγοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: φθέγξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	φθέγξομαι	φθέγξῃ, φθέγξει	φθέγξεται	φθέγξεσθον	φθέγξεσθον	φθεγξόμεθᾰ	φθέγξεσθε	φθέγξονται
	optative	φθεγξοίμην	φθέγξοιο	φθέγξοιτο	φθέγξοισθον	φθεγξοίσθην	φθεγξοίμεθᾰ	φθέγξοισθε	φθέγξοιντο
					middle
infinitive					φθέγξεσθαι
participle	m				φθεγξόμενος
	f				φθεγξομένη
	n				φθεγξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐφθεγξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐφθεγξᾰ́μην	ἐφθέγξω	ἐφθέγξᾰτο	ἐφθέγξᾰσθον	ἐφθεγξᾰ́σθην	ἐφθεγξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐφθέγξᾰσθε	ἐφθέγξᾰντο
	subjunctive	φθέγξωμαι	φθέγξῃ	φθέγξηται	φθέγξησθον	φθέγξησθον	φθεγξώμεθᾰ	φθέγξησθε	φθέγξωνται
	optative	φθεγξαίμην	φθέγξαιο	φθέγξαιτο	φθέγξαισθον	φθεγξαίσθην	φθεγξαίμεθᾰ	φθέγξαισθε	φθέγξαιντο
	imperative		φθέγξαι	φθεγξᾰ́σθω	φθέγξᾰσθον	φθεγξᾰ́σθων		φθέγξᾰσθε	φθεγξᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					φθέγξᾰσθαι
participle	m				φθεγξᾰ́μενος
	f				φθεγξᾰμένη
	n				φθεγξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἔφθεγμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἔφθεγμαι	ἔφθεγξαι	ἔφθεγκται	ἔφθεγχθον	ἔφθεγχθον	ἐφθέγμεθᾰ	ἔφθεγχθε	ἐφθέγγᾰται
	subjunctive	ἐφθεγμένος ὦ	ἐφθεγμένος ᾖς	ἐφθεγμένος ᾖ	ἐφθεγμένω ἦτον	ἐφθεγμένω ἦτον	ἐφθεγμένοι ὦμεν	ἐφθεγμένοι ἦτε	ἐφθεγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐφθεγμένος εἴην	ἐφθεγμένος εἴης	ἐφθεγμένος εἴη	ἐφθεγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐφθεγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐφθεγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐφθεγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐφθεγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἔφθεγξο	ἐφθέγχθω	ἔφθεγχθον	ἐφθέγχθων		ἔφθεγχθε	ἐφθέγχθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἐφθέγχθαι
participle	m					ἐφθεγμένος
	f					ἐφθεγμένη
	n					ἐφθεγμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Related terms

• φθεγκτικός (phthenktikós)
• φθεγκτός (phthenktós)
• φθέγμα (phthégma)
• φθεγματικός (phthegmatikós)
• φθογγήεις (phthongḗeis)
• φθόγγος (phthóngos)

Further reading

• “φθέγγομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φθέγγομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φθέγγομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• φθέγγομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• φθέγγομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “φθέγγομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5350 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible