вы-

See also: вы, Вы, вꙑ, and Appendix:Variations of "bi"

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic вꙑ- (vy-), from Proto-Slavic *vy- (“out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd, or Proto-Indo-European *(H)ud (Derksen), or *ūd- : *ūt- (Černyx). In Slavic, the final consonant was dropped.

Cognates include English out, German aus (“out”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vɨ]
• IPA^(key): [ˈvɨ] (when stressed)

Prefix

вы́- • (vý-) (this prefix almost invariably bears the stress in perfective verbs, but not in imperfective verbs)

1. (used with verbs) out, out from (describing an action of moving outside from inside)

   ‎вы́- (vý-) + ‎-йти́ (-jtí, “to go”) → ‎вы́йти (výjti, “to go out”)

2. (used with verbs) completion or fulfillment

   ‎вы́- (vý-) + ‎кури́ть (kurítʹ, “to smoke”) → ‎вы́курить (výkuritʹ, “to smoke to the end”)

Derived terms

Russian terms prefixed with вы-

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вы-”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вы-”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 173