جهان

Azerbaijani

Noun

جهان

1. Arabic spelling of cəhan

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian جهان (jahân).

Noun

جهان • (cihan)

1. world
2. universe

Related terms

• جهان‌نما (cihan-numa)

Descendants

• Turkish: cihan

Proper noun

جهان • (cihan)

1. a male given name, Jahan

Descendants

• Turkish: Cihan

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “worldly creatures, world”), from Proto-Iranian *gayθānām, the genitive plural form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā- (“living, existence”) (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁- (gaēθā-, “world; creature”)), equivalent to Middle Persian [script needed] (gēh) +‎ [script needed] (ān), with the former component from Proto-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).

The original meaning of the word in Old Iranian and Middle Persian was (worldly) creatures, but the term in late Middle Persian and in Modern Persian came to mean ‘world’ in general.

Doublet of کیهان (keyhân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn], [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	jahān, jihān
Dari reading?	jahān
Iranian reading?	jahân
Tajik reading?	jahon

• Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun

Dari	جهان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷаҳон

جهان • (jahân) (plural جهان‌ها (jahân-hâ))

1. world; universe

   Synonyms: دنیا (donyâ), گیتی (giti), عالم (âlam)

   جَهانِ آزاد ― jahân-e âzâd ― the free world

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی, volume I, verse 161:

     تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
     او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

     tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
     ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān

     […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

Alternative forms

• گیهان (geyhân) (archaic)

Derived terms

• جهانی (jahâni)
• جهانگرد (jahângard)
• جهان‌نما (jahân-namâ)
• جهان‌بین (jahân-bin)
• جهان‌آرا (jahân-ârâ)
• پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)
• جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
• جهان‌دار (jahân-dâr)
• جهان‌گشا (jahân-gošâ)
• جهان‌بخش (jahân-baxš)
• جهان‌آفرین (jahân-âfarin)
• جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
• جهان‌وطن (jahân-vatan)
• جهان‌پهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
• جهان‌دیده (jahân-dide)
• جهان‌شُمول (jahân-šomul)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: cahan
• → Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
• → Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
• → Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
• → Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जहान (jahān)

  Urdu: جہان (jahān)

• → Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
• → Malay: johan
  • Indonesian: johan
• → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan)
  • Turkish: cihan
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)

  Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)

• → Rohingya: jáhan
• → Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
• → Uzbek: jahon
• → Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

Proper noun

جهان • (jahân)

1. a male or female given name, Jahan

Descendants

• → Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
• → Malay: johan
  • Indonesian: johan
• → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
  • Turkish: Cihan
• → Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)

Etymology 2

From جه (jeh, present stem of جستن (jastan, “to leap”)) +‎ ـان (-ân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ˈhɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	jihān
Dari reading?	jehān
Iranian reading?	jehân
Tajik reading?	jihon

Adjective

جهان • (jehân)

1. leaping; bounding
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی, volume I, verse 161:

     تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
     او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

     tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
     ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān

     […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.