幽

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See also: 豳 and 凼
幽 U+5E7D, 幽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7D
← 幼
[U+5E7C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 幾 →
[U+5E7E]

Translingual

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Han character

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幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 22770, composition ⿻山𢆶)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5E7D

Chinese

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trad. 幽
simp. # 幽
2nd round simp. ⿶凵又

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 幽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯw) : phonetic 𢆶 () + semantic 山 (originally 火 in oracle bone).

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru [script needed] (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan གཡོག (g.yog, “to cover”) and གཡོགས (g.yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾 (yào), 窔 (yào).

Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Note: 5ieu - (Ningbonese) verb, to hide (oneself).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 幽
Mandarin Beijing /iou⁵⁵/
Harbin /iou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iou²¹/
Jinan /iou²¹³/
Qingdao /iou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iou²⁴/
Xi'an /iou²¹/
Xining /iɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iou³¹/
Ürümqi /iɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /iəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /iəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /iəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iəɯ³¹/
Hefei /iɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəu¹¹/
Pingyao /iəu¹³/
Hohhot /iəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /iɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiø³³/
Wenzhou /j̠au³³/
Hui Shexian /iu³¹/
Tunxi /iu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /iəu³³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /iu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu⁵³/
Nanning /jɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hĩu³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iu²³/
Rime
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 幽 (138)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於虯切
Baxter 'jiw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiɪu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔjiw/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiĕu/
Wang
Li 		/iəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ](r)iw/
English dark; secluded

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
No. 14620
Phonetic
component 		幽
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		幽
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯw/
Notes 甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Definitions

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幽

  1. dim; dark
  2. deep and remote
  3. hidden; concealed
  4. bottled up
  5. quiet; tranquil
  6. to confine; to imprison
  7. netherworld; nether; nether-
  8. a surname
  9. (Yongjiang Wu, Linshao Wu) to hide oneself; to conceal oneself
    偌豪稍出來，𫸻幽得自個房間裏頭亂想啦！ [Shaoxing Wu, trad.]
    偌豪稍出来，𫸻幽得自个房间里头乱想啦！ [Shaoxing Wu, simp.]
    From: 2022: 假如《阿Q正传》里都说绍兴话... [If Shaoxingnese was spoken during the entirety of "The True Story of Ah Q"], video time 4:28, from Bilibili
    Just come outside for a while now; you mustn't hide anymore in your room with all these dreadful thoughts in your mind!

Synonyms

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  • (to hide):
Dialectal synonyms of 躲 (“to hide”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 躲藏, 藏躲, 躲
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 藏, 貓
Taiwan 躲, 藏
Singapore 躲
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 藏
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 藏, 卻
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 藏, 躲
Wuhan 躲
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 躲
Hefei 藏
Cantonese Guangzhou 匿, 匿埋
Hong Kong 匿, 匿埋
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 摒
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 摒埋
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 摒
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 摒
Macau 匿埋
Guangzhou (Panyu) 匿埋
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 摒埋
Guangzhou (Conghua) 匿埋
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 揞埋
Foshan 匿埋
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 匿埋
Foshan (Shunde) 匿埋
Foshan (Sanshui) 匿埋
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 匿埋
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 匿埋
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 揞埋
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 匿埋
Zhuhai (Doumen) 匿埋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 摒埋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 匿埋, 摒埋
Taishan 匿
Kaiping (Chikan) 匿
Enping (Niujiang) 匿
Heshan (Yayao) 匿埋
Dongguan 求埋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 匿埋
Yangjiang 餌, 伏
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 匿埋
Gan Nanchang 躲
Hakka Meixian 摒
Hong Kong 摒
Senai (Huiyang) 摒
Jin Taiyuan 躲
Northern Min Jian'ou 儲
Eastern Min Fuzhou 屈, 覭
Southern Min Xiamen 覕, 囥
Quanzhou 覕, 囥
Zhangzhou 覕, 踮
Taipei 覕
Kaohsiung 覕
Yilan 覕
Changhua (Lukang) 覕
Taichung 覕
Tainan 覕
Kinmen 覕
Penghu (Magong) 覕
Singapore (Hokkien) 覕
Manila (Hokkien) 覕
Datian 逃
Chaozhou 踮, 覕
Shantou 踮, 覕
Jieyang 踮, 覕
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 踮
Wenchang 逃
Haikou 逃
Wu Shanghai 囥, 𨒃, 迓
Suzhou 𨒃, 匽, 迓
Wuxi 迓
Ningbo 幽
Wenzhou 埋, 縮, 躲
Jinhua 幽
Jinhua (Tangxi) 幽
Xiang Changsha 躲
Shuangfeng 躲

Compounds

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References

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  • “幽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “幽”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

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Kanji

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幽

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. dark
  2. netherworld
  3. hidden
  4. confine, imprison

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Hanja

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幽 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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幽: Hán Nôm readings: u, ù

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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