泳ぐ

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
泳
およ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
游ぐ

Etymology

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Likely from Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *oyonku. Included in The Tale of Genji from the late 900s or early 1000s. Listed in sources with a note that this may have been pronounced originally as oyoku,[1][2][3] however, cognates among the Ryūkyūan languages would seem to support a voiced /ɡ/ as the final consonant. Compare Kunigami 泳じゅん (uijun), Okinawan 泳じゅん (qwiijun).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「泳ぐ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		泳ぐ およぐ [òyóꜜgù]
Imperative (命令形) 泳げ およげ [òyóꜜgè]
Key constructions
Passive 泳がれる およがれる [òyógáréꜜrù]
Causative 泳がせる およがせる [òyógáséꜜrù]
Potential 泳げる およげる [òyógéꜜrù]
Volitional 泳ごう およごー [òyógóꜜò]
Negative 泳がない およがない [òyógáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 泳がなかった およがなかった [òyógáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 泳ぎます およぎます [òyógímáꜜsù]
Perfective 泳いだ およいだ [òyóꜜìdà]
Conjunctive 泳いで およいで [òyóꜜìdè]
Hypothetical conditional 泳げば およげば [òyóꜜgèbà]

Verb

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泳(およ)ぐ • (oyogu) intransitive godan (stem 泳(およ)ぎ (oyogi), past 泳(およ)いだ (oyoida))

  1. to swim
    昨日(きのう)、私(わたし)はジムで５(ご)キロ泳(およ)ぎました。
    Kinō, watashi wa jimu de go kiro oyogimashita.
    Yesterday I swam 5 kilometers at the gym.
    ここで泳(およ)げる。
    Koko de oyogeru.
    We can swim here.
    泳(およ)ぐことができない。
    Oyogu koto ga dekinai.
    I cannot swim.
  2. to act freely while being monitored (in the possibility that one will do something incriminating); used in the causative 泳がす、泳がせる (oyogasu, oyogaseru, “to let someone act freely and monitor them”)
    容疑者(ようぎしゃ)を泳(およ)がせる
    yōgisha o oyogaseru
    to let a suspect swim → to monitor a suspect

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "泳ぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 泳が およが oyoga
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 泳ぎ およぎ oyogi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 泳げ およげ oyoge
Meireikei ("imperative") 泳げ およげ oyoge
Key constructions
Passive 泳がれる およがれる oyogareru
Causative 泳がせる
泳がす 		およがせる
およがす 		oyogaseru
oyogasu
Potential 泳げる およげる oyogeru
Volitional 泳ごう およごう oyogō
Negative 泳がない およがない oyoganai
Negative continuative 泳がず およがず oyogazu
Formal 泳ぎます およぎます oyogimasu
Perfective 泳いだ およいだ oyoida
Conjunctive 泳いで およいで oyoide
Hypothetical conditional 泳げば およげば oyogeba

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Idioms

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Idioms

Synonyms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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