生物

Chinese

		to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw	thing; object; matter
simp. and trad. (生物)		生	物

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēngwù

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sang¹ mat⁶

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sên¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶

• Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng-ŭk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seng¹ boh⁷ / seng¹ buoh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): seng-bu̍t / sng-bu̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sên¹ muêh⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen-veq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēngwù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shengwù
    • Wade–Giles: shêng¹-wu⁴
    • Yale: shēng-wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengwuh
    • Palladius: шэнъу (šɛnʺu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sang¹ mat⁶
    • Yale: sāng maht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sang¹ mat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: seng¹ med⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-vu̍t / sâng-vu̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˊ vud / sang^ˊ vud
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/, /saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ vut̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sên¹ vud⁶ / sang¹ vud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/, /saŋ⁴⁴ ʋut̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng-ŭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋuʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹ boh⁷ [Phonetic: seng⁵ moh⁷]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(p-)mɔʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: seng¹ buoh⁷ [Phonetic: seng⁵ muoh⁷]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ^(p-)muoʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-bu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: sing-bu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sengbut
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ but̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² but̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-bu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: sng-bu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngbut
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ but̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sên¹ muêh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ mue̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ³³⁻²³ mueʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹sen-veq
    • MiniDict: sen^平 veh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen-veq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ vəʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sraeng mjut

Rime
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所庚切	文弗切
Baxter	sraeng	mjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/mɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/miut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/miuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/mut̚/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/miuət̚/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/mĭuət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/mi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1	mat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ  C.mut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ  mɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ mjut ›
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?)	/*C.mut/
English	bear, be born; live	thing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	物
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	11312	13218
Phonetic component	生	勿
Rime group	耕	物
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	生	物
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*mɯd/

Noun

生物

1. (biology) organism; living being; lifeform (Classifier: 個／个)
2. biology (study of all life or living matter)

Synonyms

• (organism):

edit

• 有機體／有机体 (yǒujītǐ)
• 機體／机体 (jītǐ)
• 活物 (huówù)
• 生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)

 

• (biology): 生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)

Antonyms

• 死物 (sǐwù)

Adjective

生物

1. (attributive) biological; bio-

Derived terms

• 原核生物 (yuánhé shēngwù)
• 原生生物 (yuánshēng shēngwù)
• 古生物 (gǔshēngwù)
• 古生物學／古生物学 (gǔshēngwùxué)
• 寄生物 (jìshēngwù)
• 底棲生物／底栖生物
• 廣食性生物／广食性生物
• 微生物 (wēishēngwù)
• 海洋生物
• 浮游生物 (fúyóu shēngwù)
• 生物化學／生物化学 (shēngwù huàxué)
• 生物危害 (shēngwù wēihài)
• 生物危險／生物危险 (shēngwù wēixiǎn)
• 生物合成 (shēngwù héchéng)
• 生物因子
• 生物圈 (shēngwùquān)
• 生物地理學／生物地理学 (shēngwù dìlǐxué)
• 生物多樣性／生物多样性 (shēngwù duōyàngxìng)
• 生物學／生物学 (shēngwùxué)
• 生物工程 (shēngwù gōngchéng)
• 生物戰／生物战
• 生物時鐘／生物时钟
• 生物武器 (shēngwù wǔqì)
• 生物永生 (shēngwù yǒngshēng)
• 生物治療／生物治疗 (shēngwù zhìliáo)
• 生物潛能／生物潜能
• 生物界
• 生物相 (shēngwùxiāng)
• 生物科技 (shēngwù kējì)
• 生物群 (shēngwùqún)
• 生物群聚
• 生物能 (shēngwùnéng)
• 生物能源 (shēngwù néngyuán)
• 生物製劑／生物制剂 (shēngwù zhìjì)
• 生物質能／生物质能 (shēngwù zhìnéng)
• 生物量 (shēngwùliàng)
• 生物鐘／生物钟 (shēngwùzhōng)
• 生物防治 (shēngwù fángzhì)
• 生物降解 (shēngwù jiàngjiě)
• 生物降解性 (shēngwù jiàngjiěxìng)
• 生物降解能力 (shēngwù jiàngjiě nénglì)
• 生物電流／生物电流
• 生物食品
• 生物體／生物体 (shēngwùtǐ)
• 生物鹼／生物碱 (shēngwùjiǎn)
• 真核生物 (zhēnhé shēngwù)
• 非生物界
• 餌料生物／饵料生物

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (生物):

• → Japanese: 生物(せいぶつ) (seibutsu)
• → Korean: 생물(生物) (saengmul)
• → Vietnamese: sinh vật (生物)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
生	物
せい Grade: 1	ぶつ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーぶつ [séꜜèbùtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Noun

生(せい)物(ぶつ) • (seibutsu) 

1. an organism; a life form

   Synonym: 生き物 (ikimono)

See also

• 生(せい)物(ぶつ)学(がく) (seibutsugaku)
• 生(せい)命(めい) (seimei)
• 生(せい)物(ぶつ)時(ど)計(けい) (seibutsudokei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
生	物
なま Grade: 1	もの Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 生物 – see the following entry.

【なまもの】 [noun] raw / unprocessed food Alternative spelling 生もの

(This term, 生物, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
生	物

Noun

生物 • (saengmul) (hangeul 생물)

1. hanja form^? of 생물 (“organism”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
生	物

Noun

生物

1. chữ Hán form of sinh vật (“organism”).