莞爾

Chinese

		smile	thus; so; like that thus; so; like that; you; thou
trad. (莞爾)		莞	爾
simp. (莞尔)		莞	尔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wǎn'ěr

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˇ ㄦˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁵ ji⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wǎn'ěr [Phonetic: wáněr]
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˇ ㄦˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wǎn-ěr
    • Wade–Giles: wan³-êrh³
    • Yale: wǎn-ěr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woaneel
    • Palladius: ваньэр (vanʹer)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wun⁵ ji⁵
    • Yale: wúhn yíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁵ ji⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: wun⁵ yi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn¹³ jiː¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: hwaenX nyeX

Rime
Character	莞	爾
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	戸板切	兒氏切
Baxter	hwaenX	nyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuanX/	/ȵiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚanX/	/ȵiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐnX/	/ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨnX/	/ȵiə̆X/
Li Rong	/ɣuanX/	/ȵieX/
Wang Li	/ɣwanX/	/ȵʑǐeX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwanX/	/ȵʑie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn	ěr
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan6	ji5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋroːnʔ  njelʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爾
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ěr
Middle Chinese	‹ nyeX ›
Old Chinese	/*n[ə][r]ʔ/
English	(adv. suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莞	爾
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	16140	2817
Phonetic component	元	爾
Rime group	元	歌
Rime subdivision	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	睆	爾
Old Chinese	/*ɦŋroːnʔ/	/*njelʔ/
Notes		說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文， 取林義光說

Adjective

莞爾

1. (literary) smiling

   莞爾一笑／莞尔一笑  ―  wǎn'ěryīxiào  ―  give a soft smile

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (莞爾):

• → Japanese: 莞(かん)爾(じ) (kanji)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
莞	爾
かん Jinmeiyō	じ Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かんじ [káꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Adjective

莞(かん)爾(じ) • (kanji) ^†-tari (adnominal 莞(かん)爾(じ)とした (kanji to shita) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)たる (kanji taru), adverbial 莞(かん)爾(じ)と (kanji to) or 莞(かん)爾(じ)として (kanji to shite))

1. smiling

   Synonyms: にっこり (nikkori), 微笑み (hohoemi)

   莞(かん)爾(じ)として笑(わら)う

   kanji to shite warau

   to smile cheerfully, to beam with a smile

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "莞爾たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	莞爾たら	かんじたら	kanzitara
Continuative (連用形)	莞爾と[1] 莞爾たり[2]	かんじと かんじたり	kanzito kanzitari
Terminal (終止形)	莞爾たり	かんじたり	kanzitari
Attributive (連体形)	莞爾たる	かんじたる	kanzitaru
Realis (已然形)	莞爾たれ	かんじたれ	kanzitare
Imperative (命令形)	莞爾たれ	かんじたれ	kanzitare
Key constructions
Negative	莞爾たらず	かんじたらず	kanzitarazu
Contrasting conjunction	莞爾たれど	かんじたれど	kanzitaredo
Causal conjunction	莞爾たれば	かんじたれば	kanzitareba
Conditional conjunction	莞爾たらば	かんじたらば	kanzitaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	莞爾たりき	かんじたりき	kanzitariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	莞爾たりけり	かんじたりけり	kanzitarikeri
Adverbial	莞爾と	かんじと	kanzito
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.