譬如

Chinese

		give an example	as (if); such as
trad. (譬如)		譬	如
simp. #(譬如)		譬	如

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pìrú

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˋ ㄖㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pei³ jyu⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): pī-ṳ̀
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phì-lû / phì-lîr / phì-jî / phì-jû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pi³ ru⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵phi-zy; ⁵phi-lu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pìrú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ ㄖㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pìrú
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi⁴-ju²
    • Yale: pì-rú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pihru
    • Palladius: пижу (pižu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pei³ jyu⁴
    • Yale: pei yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pei³ jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: péi³ yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯³³ jyː²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pī-ṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³³⁻²¹ y⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-lû
    • Tâi-lô: phì-lû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phieluu
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ lu²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²¹⁻⁵³ lu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-lîr
    • Tâi-lô: phì-lîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-jî
    • Tâi-lô: phì-jî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiejii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-jû
    • Tâi-lô: phì-jû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phiejuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ zu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pi³ ru⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phì jû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵phi-zy; ⁵phi-lu
    • MiniDict: phi^去 zy; phi^去 lu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²phi-zr; ²phi-lu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰi³³ zz̩⁴⁴/, /pʰi³³ lu⁴⁴/

Note: ⁵phi-lu - younger speakers, Mandarin-influenced, proscribed.

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• Middle Chinese: phjieH nyo|nyoH

Rime
Character	譬	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	匹賜切	人諸切	人恕切
Baxter	phjieH	nyo	nyoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰiᴇH/	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiɛH/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰjɛH/	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰiə̆H/	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/pʰieH/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔH/
Wang Li	/pʰǐeH/	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭoH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰie̯H/	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pì	rú	rù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei3	jyu4	jyu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰek-s  na/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰeɡs  nja|njas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	譬	如
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pì	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ phjieH ›	‹ nyo ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰek-s/	/*na/
English	example	as, like, if
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	譬	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	666	9623	9631
Phonetic component	辟	女	女
Rime group	賜	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	譬	如	洳
Old Chinese	/*pʰeɡs/	/*nja/	/*njas/

Verb

譬如

1. to take for example; for example; for instance; such as
2. (literary) to be similar to; to be just like

   • 人之賢不肖譬如鼠矣，在所自處耳！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     人之贤不肖譬如鼠矣，在所自处耳！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Rén zhī xián bùxiào pìrú shǔ yǐ, zài suǒ zì chǔ ěr! [Pinyin]

     So called superiority or lowliness, for men, is just the same for mice: It simply depends on where one chooses to live!

   • 譬如朝露，去日苦多。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: c. early 3rd century, Cao Cao (曹操), In the "Short-Metre" Style I (《短歌行其一》)

     Pìrú zhāolù, qùrì kǔ duō. [Pinyin]

     Like dewdrops under morning light, it [life] is too short for grieving days lost.

   • 吾見曹公，言養將軍譬如養虎，當飽其肉；不飽則將噬人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     吾见曹公，言养将军譬如养虎，当饱其肉；不饱则将噬人。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Wú jiàn Cáogōng, yán yǎng jiāngjūn pìrú yǎng hǔ, dāng bǎo qí ròu; bù bǎo zé jiāng shì rén. [Pinyin]

     I met Lord Cao and told him that keeping Your Excellency at his service is like feeding a tiger. A tiger should be fed meat to its satisfaction; if not, it will devour people.

Synonyms

• (to take for example):

edit

• 例如 (lìrú)
• 別作／别作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 好比 (hǎobǐ)
• 掠作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 比在 (Hokkien)
• 比如 (bǐrú)
• 比方 (colloquial)
• 比論／比论 (Dungan, Hakka, Hokkien)
• 若作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 諸如／诸如 (zhūrú)
• 講比／讲比 (jiang³ bi³) (Sichuanese)

 

Derived terms

• 譬如話／譬如话
• 譬如說／譬如说 (pìrúshuō)
• 譬如講／譬如讲