這
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See also: 这
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]這 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 30306, composition ⿺辶言)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
- Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3844, character 5
- Unihan data for U+9019
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).
The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 這 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 这 | |
| alternative forms | ||
First attested in the Tang dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:
- From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
- From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ze4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, III)
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): zeh4 / zei3
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciē
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tse; 7tseq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhè
- Wade–Giles: chê4
- Yale: jè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeh
- Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhèi
- Wade–Giles: chei4
- Yale: jèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jey
- Palladius: чжэй (čžɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂeɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一／这一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ze4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ze
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ze2 / ze5 / ze3
- Yale: jé / jéh / je
- Cantonese Pinyin: dze2 / dze5 / dze3
- Guangdong Romanization: zé2 / zé5 / zé3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/, /t͡sɛː¹³/, /t͡sɛː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: ze3 - uncommon.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: die1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiɛ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / liá / yá / ngiá
- Hakka Romanization System: zeˋ / liaˋ / iaˋ / ngiaˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ze3 / lia3 / ya3 / ngia3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /li̯a³¹/, /i̯a³¹/, /ŋi̯a³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ché / yá / ngiá
- Hakka Romanization System: zeˋ / (r)iaˋ / ngiaˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ze3 / ya3 / ngia3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡se³¹/, /(j)i̯a³¹/, /ŋi̯a³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- ché, zê3 - literary;
- liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: zeh4 / zei3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ²/, /t͡sei⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciē
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sie³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note: literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché
- Tâi-lô: tsé
- Phofsit Daibuun: zea
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
- Tâi-lô: tsí
- Phofsit Daibuun: cie
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
- Tâi-lô: tse
- Phofsit Daibuun: zef
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
- Tâi-lô: tsit
- Phofsit Daibuun: cid
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiá
- Tâi-lô: tsiá
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciar
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sia⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
Definitions
[edit]這
- this; these
- Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”)
- at this moment; right away; at once
- here
- Used before words for insults to add emphasis.
- filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
- meaningless particle in a sentence.
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Antonyms
[edit]- 那 (nà, “that, those”)
Compounds
[edit]- 如此這般／如此这般
- 得這／得这
- 的這／的这
- 這下／这下 (zhèxià)
- 這下子／这下子
- 這些／这些
- 這些個／这些个
- 這些兒／这些儿
- 這些子／这些子
- 這些時／这些时
- 這們／这们
- 這個／这个
- 這個擋口／这个挡口
- 這個當兒／这个当儿
- 這個那個／这个那个
- 這兒／这儿 (zhèr)
- 這兩天／这两天
- 這其間／这其间
- 這口氣／这口气
- 這向／这向
- 這咱／这咱 (zhèzan)
- 這回／这回
- 這回事／这回事
- 這坨兒／这坨儿
- 這堝兒／这埚儿
- 這堝兒裏／这埚儿里
- 這堝裏／这埚里
- 這塊／这块
- 這塊兒／这块儿
- 這壁／这壁
- 這壁廂／这壁厢
- 這天／这天
- 這家子／这家子
- 這山望著那山高／这山望着那山高 (zhè shān wàng zhe nà shān gāo)
- 這干
- 這年／这年
- 這廂／这厢
- 這廝／这厮 (zhèsī)
- 這忽兒／这忽儿
- 這搭／这搭 (zhèdā)
- 這搭兒／这搭儿 (zhèdār)
- 這搭裏／这搭里
- 這早晚／这早晚 (zhè zǎowǎn)
- 這早晚兒／这早晚儿 (zhè zǎowǎr)
- 這時候／这时候
- 這會／这会
- 這會兒／这会儿
- 這會子／这会子
- 這末／这末
- 這樣／这样
- 這樣一來／这样一来 (zhèyàngyīlái)
- 這次／这次
- 這步田地／这步田地
- 這每／这每
- 這注
- 這溜兒／这溜儿
- 這畔／这畔
- 這番／这番
- 這當兒／这当儿
- 這疙疸／这疙疸
- 這的／这的 (zhède)
- 這的是／这的是
- 這程子／这程子
- 這等／这等 (zhèděng)
- 這筆帳／这笔帐
- 這等樣／这等样
- 這箇／这个
- 這般／这般 (zhèbān)
- 這般個／这般个
- 這般如此／这般如此
- 這般樣／这般样
- 這般說來／这般说来
- 這般這般／这般这般
- 這荅／这荅
- 這號事／这号事
- 這蚤晚／这蚤晚
- 這行子／这行子
- 這裡／这里 (zhèlǐ)
- 這裏／这里 (zhèlǐ)
- 這輩子／这辈子
- 這邊／这边
- 這邊廂／这边厢
- 這陀兒／这陀儿
- 這陣／这阵 (zhèzhèn)
- 這陣兒／这阵儿 (zhèzhènr)
- 這陣子／这阵子
- 這頭／这头
- 這馬／这马 (chit-má) (Min Nan)
- 這麼／这么
- 這麼些／这么些 (zhèmexiē)
- 這麽些／这么些
- 這麼個／这么个
- 這麼樣／这么样 (zhèmeyàng)
- 這麼着／这么着
- 這麼著／这么着 (zhèmezhe)
- 這麼說／这么说
- 這麼點／这么点 (zhèmediǎn)
- 這麼點兒／这么点儿 (zhèmediǎnr)
- 這點／这点
Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 這 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 这 | |
Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin6
- Yale: yihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin6
- Guangdong Romanization: yin6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
- Tâi-lô: gān
- Phofsit Daibuun: gan
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: ngjenH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋrans/
Definitions
[edit]這
Etymology 3
[edit]| trad. | 這 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 这 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]這
- (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) Alternative form of 遮 (chiah, “this; so; such”)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]這
Readings
[edit]From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ngjenH, “to receive”):
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: げん (gen)
- Kun: むかえる (mukaeru, 這える)←むかへる (mukaferu, 這へる, historical)、はう (hau, 這う)←はふ (fafu, 這ふ, historical)
From Mandarin 這／这 (zhè, “this”):
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 這／这 (zhè).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- The original meaning is "this". In certain words, it has been conflated with native Korean 저 (jeo, “that”).
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ngjenH).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [언(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- Used only in the reading of Classical Chinese; no Korean word appears to use this hanja.
Middle Korean
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Simplified from 邊 (“edge”), used as hungaja for similarly pronounced ᄀᆞᆺ〯 (kǒs, “edge”).
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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