閉

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See also: 閇, and 闭
閉 U+9589, 閉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9589
← 閈
[U+9588] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閊 →
[U+958A]

Translingual

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Han character

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閉 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木竹 (ANDH), four-corner 77247, composition ⿵門才)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1330, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41222
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4283, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9589

Chinese

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trad. 閉
simp. 闭
alternative forms 閇

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (閉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閉 *piːds, *piːd
閇 *piːds

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + abbreviated 材 (“material; timber”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pi-t (“to close”), which appears to be an areal word. Cognate with Burmese ပိတ် (pit, “to close”), as well as Thai ปิด (bpìt, “to close”).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閉
Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
Harbin /pi⁵³/
Tianjin /pi⁵³/
Jinan /pi²¹/
Qingdao /pi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pi³¹²/
Xi'an /pi⁴⁴/
Xining /pji²¹³/
Yinchuan /pi¹³/
Lanzhou /pi¹³/
Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
Wuhan /pi³⁵/
Chengdu /pi¹³/
Guiyang /pi²¹³/
Kunming /pi²¹²/
Nanjing /pi⁴⁴/
Hefei /pz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /pi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /pi³⁵/
Hohhot /pi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /pi³⁵/
Suzhou /pi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /pi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /pei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /pi³²⁴/
Tunxi /pi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /pei⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /pi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /pi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /pi⁵³/
Taoyuan /pi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pɐi³³/
Nanning /pɐi³³/
Hong Kong /pɐi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pi²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pi³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /pi³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbi³⁵/
Rime
Character 閉 閉
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 齊 (39) 屑 (87)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 博計切 方結切
Baxter pejH pet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/peiH/ /pet̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/peiH/ /pet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pɛiH/ /pɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pɛjH/ /pɛt̚/
Li
Rong 		/peiH/ /pet̚/
Wang
Li 		/pieiH/ /piet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pieiH/ /piet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bì bie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bai3 bit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁi[t]-s/
English close (v.); obstruct

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閉 閉
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 658 660
Phonetic
component 		閉 閉
Rime
group 		至 質
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		閉 㢼
Old
Chinese 		/*piːds/ /*piːd/

Definitions

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閉

  1. to shut; to close
  2. to obstruct; to block up

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 關 (“to close (a door, gate, etc.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 關, 閉
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 關
Malaysia 關
Singapore 關
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 關
Xi'an 關
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 關
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 關
Cantonese Guangzhou 閂
Hong Kong 閂
Taishan 閂
Singapore (Guangfu) 閂
Gan Nanchang 關
Pingxiang 關
Hakka Meixian 關
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 關
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 關
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 關
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 關
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 關
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 關
Eastern Min Fuzhou 關
Southern Min Taipei 關
New Taipei (Sanxia) 關
Kaohsiung 關
Yilan 關
Changhua (Lukang) 關
Taichung 關
Tainan 關
Hsinchu 關
Kinmen 關
Penghu (Magong) 關
Penang (Hokkien) 崁
Singapore (Hokkien) 關
Shantou 關
Singapore (Teochew) 關
Singapore (Hainanese) 關

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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閉

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. close, shut

Readings

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “to shut, close”): 開

Derived terms

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Korean

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Hanja

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閉 • (pye, byeol) (hangeul 폐, 별, revised pye, byeol, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, pyŏl, Yale phyey, pyel)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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閉: Hán Nôm readings: bế, bấy, bé

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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