지내다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 디내다 (Yale: tinayta). From Middle Korean 디나— (dina-, “to pass”) (Modern 지나— (jina-)) + —이— (-i-, causative/passive suffix).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕi(ː)nɛda̠] ~ [ˈt͡ɕi(ː)ne̞da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [지(ː)내다/지(ː)네다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jinaeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jinaeda
McCune–Reischauer?	chinaeda
Yale Romanization?	cīnayta

Verb

지내다 • (jinaeda) (infinitive 지내 or 지내어, sequential 지내니)

1. to spend (one's time)
2. to live, to get along

   어떻게 지냈어요?

   eotteoke jinaesseoyo?

   How are you? (polite, literally, "How are you getting along?")

   잘 지내요. 고마워요.

   jal jinaeyo. gomawoyo.

   I'm fine. Thank you. (plain)

3. to associate (with people), to keep company (with)
4. to serve as ..., to hold (post)
5. to hold (a service), to perform (rites)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 지내다 (jinaeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	지낸다 jinaenda	지내 jinae	지내요, 지내어요 jinaeyo, jinaeeoyo	지냅니다 jinaemnida
	Past	지냈다 jinaetda	지냈어 jinaesseo	지냈어요 jinaesseoyo	지냈습니다 jinaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	지내느냐 jinaeneunya	지내 jinae	지내요, 지내어요 jinaeyo, jinaeeoyo	지냅니까 jinaemnikka
	Past	지냈느냐 jinaenneunya	지냈어 jinaesseo	지냈어요 jinaesseoyo	지냈습니까 jinaetseumnikka
Hortative		지내자 jinaeja	지내 jinae	지내요, 지내어요 jinaeyo, jinaeeoyo	지내십시다 jinaesipsida
Imperative		지내라, 지내어라 jinaera, jinaeeora	지내 jinae	지내요, 지내어요 jinaeyo, jinaeeoyo	지냅시오 jinaepsio
Assertive		지내겠다 jinaegetda	지내겠어 jinaegesseo	지내겠어요 jinaegesseoyo	지내겠습니다 jinaegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		지내 jinae	지내서, 지내어서 jinaeseo, jinaeeoseo	지내니 jinaeni	지내니까 jinaenikka
Contrast		지내지만 jinaejiman	지내는데 jinaeneunde	지내더니 jinaedeoni
Conjunction		지내고 jinaego
Condition		지내면 jinaemyeon	지내야, 지내어야 jinaeya, jinaeeoya
Motive		지내려고 jinaeryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		지냄 jinaem	지내기 jinaegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		지냈음, 지내었음 jinaesseum, jinaeeosseum	지냈기, 지내었기 jinaetgi, jinaeeotgi
Determiners	Past	지낸 jinaen
	Present	지내는 jinaeneun
	Future	지낼 jinael

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	지내신다 jinaesinda	지내셔 jinaesyeo	지내세요, 지내셔요 jinaeseyo, jinaesyeoyo	지내십니다 jinaesimnida
	Past	지내셨다 jinaesyeotda	지내셨어 jinaesyeosseo	지내셨어요 jinaesyeosseoyo	지내셨습니다 jinaesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	지내시느냐 jinaesineunya	지내셔 jinaesyeo	지내세요, 지내셔요 jinaeseyo, jinaesyeoyo	지내십니까 jinaesimnikka
	Past	지내셨느냐 jinaesyeonneunya	지내셨어 jinaesyeosseo	지내셨어요 jinaesyeosseoyo	지내셨습니까 jinaesyeotseumnikka
Imperative		지내시라 jinaesira	지내셔 jinaesyeo	지내세요 jinaeseyo	지내십시오 jinaesipsio
Assertive		지내시겠다 jinaesigetda	지내시겠어 jinaesigesseo	지내시겠어요 jinaesigesseoyo	지내시겠습니다 jinaesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		지내셔 jinaesyeo	지내셔서 jinaesyeoseo	지내시니 jinaesini	지내시니까 jinaesinikka
Contrast		지내시지만 jinaesijiman	지내시는데 jinaesineunde	지내시더니 jinaesideoni
Conjunction		지내시고 jinaesigo
Condition		지내시면 jinaesimyeon	지내셔야 jinaesyeoya
Motive		지내시려고 jinaesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		지내심 jinaesim	지내시기 jinaesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		지내셨음 jinaesyeosseum	지내셨기 jinaesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	지내신 jinaesin
	Present	지내시는 jinaesineun
	Future	지내실 jinaesil

Derived terms

• 지내듣다 (jinaedeutda, “to listen inattentively”)
• 지내보다 (jinaeboda, “to keep company with; to fail to notice; to lose sight of”)
• 물려지내다 (mullyeojinaeda, “to be under a person's thumb”)