Cimmerian

See also: cimmerian

English

Etymology 1

From the Latin Cimmerius, from Ancient Greek Κιμμέριος (Kimmérios, “pertaining to the Cimmerii”) +‎ -an.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /sɪˈmɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/
• (US) IPA^(key): /sɪˈmɪɹ.i.ən/
• Rhymes: -ɪəɹɪən, -ɪɹiən

Noun

Cimmerian (plural Cimmerians)

1. (Greek mythology) Any of the mythical people supposed to inhabit a land of perpetual darkness.
   • 1791, Homer, translated by William Cowper, The Odyssey of Homer:

     The city, there, of the Cimmerians stands
     With clouds and darkness veil’d, on whom the sun
     Deigns not to look with his beam-darting eye,

   • 1900, Jack London, The Shrinkage of the Planet:

     On their mysterious shores were the improbable homes of impossible peoples. The Great Sea, the Broad Sea, the Boundless Sea; the Ethiopians, "dwelling far away, the most distant of men," and the Cimmerians, "covered with darkness and cloud," where "baleful night is spread over timid mortals."

2. one of the Cimmerii, ancient equestrian nomads of Indo-European origin
   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Believe me, queen, your swarth Cimmerian
     Doth make your honour of his body's hue,
     Spotted, detested, and abominable.

   • 1902, Encyclopedia Britannica:

     The Phrygian power was broken in the 9th or 8th century B.C. by the Cimmerians, who entered Asia Minor through Armenia

   • 1910, Herodotus (484 B.C.E.–425 B.C.E.), History of Herodotus, translated by George Rawlinson

     In his reign the Cimmerians, driven from their homes by the nomads of Scythia, entered Asia and captured Sardis

3. (historical) the prophetic priestess presiding over the Apollonian Oracle at Cimmerium in Italy.
   • 1867 to 1885, Lactantius (240–320 C.E.), Ante-Nicene Fathers, translated by William Fletcher

     Varro relates that there were ten Sibyls,—the first of the Persians, the second the Libyan, the third the Delphian, the fourth the Cimmerian...

Translations

any of the mythical people supposed to inhabit a land of perpetual darkness

• Greek: Κιμμέριος (el) m (Kimmérios)
• Polish: Kimmeryjczyk m, Kimmeryjka f
• Portuguese: cimério (pt) m
• Spanish: cimerio m

one of the Cimmerii, ancient equestrian nomads of Indo-European origin

• Armenian: կիմեր (kimer), գամիր (hy) (gamir)
• French: Cimmérien (fr) m
• German: Kimmerier m, Kimmerierin f
• Hungarian: kimmer
• Italian: Cimmero m
• Portuguese: cimério (pt) m
• Russian: киммери́ец (ru) m (kimmeríjec)
• Spanish: cimerio m
• Ukrainian: кімері́єць m (kimeríjecʹ), кімері́йка f (kimeríjka), кіммері́єць m (kimmeríjecʹ), кіммері́йка f (kimmeríjka)

prophetic priestess at Cimmerium

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: ^{(please verify)} Kimmérien
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} Cimmero m, ^{(please verify)} Cimmera f
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} Cimmerius
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} Cimmerio m

Adjective

Cimmerian (comparative more Cimmerian, superlative most Cimmerian)

1. Pertaining to the ancient Cimmerians.
2. Characteristic of Cimmeria; especially describing particularly dense darkness etc.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     there it sleepeth, here it slumbreth: more or lesse they are ever darknesses, yea Cimmerian darknesses.

   • 2023, Clive Oppenheimer, Mountains of Fire: The Menace, Meaning, and Magic of Volcanoes‎^[1], University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 101:

     But the recent explosions had tapped just a fraction of Tambora’s compressed magma—the real paroxysm came five days later. Crawfurd, two islands away, was forced to conduct his daily affairs by candlelight as a gigantic ash cloud plunged the whole region into Cimmerian gloom.

Translations

describing particularly dense darkness

• German: kimmerisch

Proper noun

Cimmerian

1. the language of the Cimmerians, possibly belonging to the Iranian branch

Translations

language

• Armenian: կիմերերեն (hy) (kimereren)
• German: Kimmerisch n
• Russian: киммерийский (ru) (kimmerijskij)

Etymology 2

From Cimmeria +‎ -an.

Adjective

Cimmerian (not comparable)

1. related to the prehistoric continent of Cimmeria