Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ped-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ped-

1. to walk, to step
2. to stumble, to fall

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped- (118 c, 0 e)

• *péd-ye-ti (*ye-present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pádyati (see there for further descendants)
• *pi-péd-ti ~ *pi-pd-énti (reduplicated present)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pibdáti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pibdáti
      • Sanskrit: पिब्दमान (píbdamāna, pres.part.)
• *pe-pód-e ~ *pe-pd-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *papā́da
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *papā́da
      • Sanskrit: पपाद (papā́da)
• *pod-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pādáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pādáyati
      • Sanskrit: पादयति (pādáyati)
• *ped-e-ti (innovative root present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *fetaną (see there for further descendants)
• *pṓd-s (“foot”)
• *ped-om (“step”)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pe-e-da-an /⁠pēdan⁠/)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: հետ (het), յետ (yet), ետ (et)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ɸedom
    • (possibly) Old Irish: ed (“space, interval”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *fetą
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πέδον (pédon, “ground”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *padám
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *padám
      • Sanskrit: पद (padá, “step”)
        • Hindi: पद (pad, “step”)
  • Proto-Italic: *pedom
    • Umbrian: 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌖𐌌 (peřum), 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌖 (peřu), perso (acc. sg.)
    • ⇒ Latin: (op)pidum
• *ped-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *pédā
    • Ancient Greek: πέδη (pédē)
• *pēd-ó-
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pēdā́ˀ
    • Latgalian: pāda
    • Latvian: pēda
    • Lithuanian: pėdà (but also masculine pė́das)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πηδόν (pēdón, “oar blade”)
• *ped-to-
  • Proto-Italic: *pessom
    • Latin: pessum
• *ped-yós
  • Proto-Hellenic: *peďďos
    • Ancient Greek: πεζός (pezós, “afoot”)
• *ped-yōs
  • Proto-Italic: *pedjōs
    • Latin: pēior
• *ped-tm̥mo-
  • Proto-Italic: *pessəmos
    • Latin: pessimus
• *ped-uro-
  • Proto-Germanic: *feturaz (see there for further descendants)
• *ped-tís (or *ped-h₂t-í-s, with -h₂t- from the root *h₂et- (“to go, to wander”))
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *patˢtíš (“foot soldier”)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Proto-Slavic: *pěšь, *pěxъ, *pasti, *padati (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *fatōną
• Proto-Italic:
  • Latin: expediō
  • Latin: impediō
  • Latin: peccō (for *pedcō)