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eccentric

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 8 July 2006

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle French excentrique, from Medieval Latin eccentricus, from Ancient Greek ἔκκεντρος (ékkentros, “not having the earth as the center of an orbit”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + κέντρον (kéntron, “point”). Equivalent to ex- +‎ -centric.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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eccentric (comparative more eccentric, superlative most eccentric)

The orbit of Halley's Comet (denoted by the grey curve) is highly eccentric (sense 2).
  1. Not at or in the centre; away from the centre.
    • 2011, Michael Laver, Ernest Sergenti., Party Competition: An Agent-Based Model, page 125:
      Strikingly, we see that party births tend systematically to be at policy positions that are significantly more eccentric than those of surviving parties, whatever decision rule these parties use.
  2. Not perfectly circular; elliptical.
    As of 2008, Margaret had the most eccentric orbit of any moon in the solar system, though Nereid's mean eccentricity is greater.
  3. Having a different center; not concentric.
  4. (of a person) Deviating from the norm; behaving unexpectedly or differently; unconventional and slightly strange.
    • 1801, Author not named, Fyfield (John), entry in Eccentric Biography; Or, Sketches of Remarkable Characters, Ancient and Modern, page 127,
      He was a man of a most eccentric turn of mind, and great singularity of conduct.
    • 1807, G. H. Wilson, editor, The Eccentric Mirror, volume 3, page 17:
      Such is not the case with Mr. Martin Van Butchell, one of the most eccentric characters to be found in the British metropolis, and a gentleman of indisputable science and abilities, but whose strange humors and extraordinary habits, have rather tended to obscure than to display the talents he possessed.
    • 1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:
      There can be no doubt that as a matter of fact a religious life, exclusively pursued, does tend to make the person exceptional and eccentric.
    • 1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, published 2012, unnumbered page:
      Khedron was the only other person in the city who could be called eccentric—and even his eccentricity had been planned by the designers of Diaspar.
  5. (physiology, of a motion) Against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle (such as results from flexion of the lower arm (bending of the elbow joint) by an external force while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles to control that movement; opening of the jaw while flexing the masseter).
  6. Having different goals or motives.
    • a. 1626, Francis Bacon, 1867, Richard Whately (analysis and notes), James R. Boyd (editor), Essay XI: Wisdom for a Man's Self, Lord Bacon's Essays, page 171,
      […] for whatsoever affairs pass such a man's hands he crooketh them to his own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master or state: […]
  7. (mycology) Having or being an oospore with a single large oil globule on one side that displaces much of the ooplasm and forces the ooplasts to one side.
    Coordinate terms: centric, subcentric, subeccentric
    • 2014, Nicky B. Buller, Bacteria and Fungi From Fish and Other Aquatic Animals: A Practical Identification Manual, 2nd edition, Boston, M.A.: CABI, →ISBN, page 687:
      Oospores may be centric, subcentric, subeccentric or eccentric. Antheridial branches may or may not be present, and are androgynous, monoclinous, diclinous or hypogynous.

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “against the contraction of a muscle”): concentric

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Japanese: エキセントリック (ekisentorikku)

Translations

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Noun

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eccentric (plural eccentrics)

  1. One who does not behave like others.
    • 1989, Jeffrey Robinson, Rainier and Grace, page 26:
      A tiny, feisty woman who always spoke her mind, Charlotte was an eccentric in the wonderful way that some women from the last century were natural eccentrics.
    • 1998, Michael Gross, Life On The Edge, published 2001, page ix:
      Eccentrics live longer, happier, and healthier lives than conformist normal citizens, according to the neuropsychologist David Weeks.
  2. (slang) A kook; a person of bizarre habits or beliefs.
  3. (geometry, astronomy) A circle not having the same centre as another.
  4. (engineering) A disk or wheel with its axis off centre, giving a reciprocating motion.
    • 1840, Dionysius Lardner, The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated‎[1], page 379:
      The position of the eccentrics which is necessary to make the pistons drive the engine forward must be directly the reverse of that which would cause them to drive the engine backwards. To be able, therefore, to reverse the motion of the engine, it would only be necessary to be able to reverse the position of the eccentrics, which may be accomplished by either of two expedients.
    • 1994, James M. Lattis, Between Copernicus and Galileo: Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology‎[2], page 116:
      Clavius goes on to use the large number of orbs in Fracostoro's theory as another reason to prefer the Ptolemaic system, then couples this issue with that of the relative capacity of the theories to save the phenomena, then finally reiterates the lack (as he sees it) of conflict between the Aristotelian natural philosophy and the eccentrics and epicycles of mathematical astronomy.
    • 2007, George Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance‎[3], page 120:
      The discussion that revolved around the admissibility of eccentrics and epicycles lied[sic] at the core of this theoretical discussion, and those who would not allow such concepts took the position that such eccentrics and epicycles would then introduce a center of heaviness, other than the Earth, around which celestial simple objects would then move.
  5. (physiology) An exercise that goes against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle.
    • 2021, Edward L. Wallace, Omniflex: A Unified System of Strength Training:
      Research tells us that eccentrics, heavy partials, and static exercise may require several days or weeks of recovery time.

Synonyms

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Translations

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See also

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