föld

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See also: fold, Föld, and -fold

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivation. One explanation is that it is from föl (“the upper part of something”) +‎ -d (nominal suffix, originally diminutive suffix). For similar derivation, compare gyenge (“weak”) > gyengéd (“gentle”).[1]

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “This looks very similar in meaning and form to Proto-Germanic *fuldō (“earth, ground; field; the world”). What precludes the possibility of a relation?”

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈføld]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -øld

Noun

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föld (countable and uncountable, plural földek)

  1. earth, land
    Synonym: szárazföld
  2. plot, estate, a piece or stretch of land
    Synonyms: telek, birtok
  3. soil, dirt
    Synonym: talaj
  4. land surface, ground, floor
    Hyponym: (in a building) padló
  5. (electricity) ground
    Synonym: földelés

Usage notes

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Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. For föld (“ground, soil”)―​Föld (“Earth”), hold (“moon, satellite”)―​Hold (“the Moon”), and nap (“day; sun”)―​Nap (“the Sun”), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent: egyenlítő (“equator”)―​Egyenlítő (“Equator”), naprendszer (“solar system, planetary system”)―​Naprendszer (“Solar System”), and tejút (“galaxy”, literally “milky way”, but galaxis and galaktika are more common)―​Tejút (“Milky Way”).[1][2][3][4]

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front rounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative föld földek
accusative földet földeket
dative földnek földeknek
instrumental földdel földekkel
causal-final földért földekért
translative földdé földekké
terminative földig földekig
essive-formal földként földekként
essive-modal földül —
inessive földben földekben
superessive földön földeken
adessive földnél földeknél
illative földbe földekbe
sublative földre földekre
allative földhöz földekhez
elative földből földekből
delative földről földekről
ablative földtől földektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		földé földeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		földéi földekéi
Possessive forms of föld
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. földem földjeim
2nd person sing. földed földjeid
3rd person sing. földje földjei
1st person plural földünk földjeink
2nd person plural földetek földjeitek
3rd person plural földjük földjeik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Geographical proper nouns
Expressions

References

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  1. ^ föld in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • föld in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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