gemo

See also: gémó and ĝemo

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡemo]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -emo
• Hyphenation: ge‧mo

Noun

gemo (accusative singular gemon, plural gemoj, accusative plural gemojn)

1. gemstone (precious stone)

See also

• juvelo

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛ.mo/
• Rhymes: -ɛmo
• Hyphenation: gè‧mo

Verb

gemo

1. first-person singular present indicative of gemere

Anagrams

• moge

Latin

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to grasp”), whence Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), Ancient Greek γόμος (gómos, “load; cargo”), Lithuanian gùmstu (“to grasp”) The semantic shift would be something like "to grasp, press" > "to take one's fill" > "to groan, moan (from eating too much)".

However, de Vaan notes that this series of semantic shifts is quite unlikely, and prefers Vine's theory deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *genH- (“to call”) (with replacement of *-n > -m on the model of semantically similar verbs like fremō (“to roar”) and tremō (“to tremble”)), whence Ancient Greek γέγωνᾰ (gégōna, “to shout”), Tocharian A ken- (“to call”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈɡe.moː/, [ˈɡɛmoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒe.mo/, [ˈd͡ʒɛːmo]

Verb

gemō (present infinitive gemere, perfect active gemuī, supine gemitum); third conjugation

1. to sigh, groan

   Synonyms: ingemō, ingemīscō

2. (of things) to creak
3. to bemoan, lament

   Synonyms: dēplōrō, ingemō, lūgeō, plangō, queror, conqueror, plōrō, fleō

Conjugation

• In practice, the passive forms are not used except for the third-person.

Conjugation of gemō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gemō	gemis	gemit	gemimus	gemitis	gemunt
	imperfect	gemēbam	gemēbās	gemēbat	gemēbāmus	gemēbātis	gemēbant
	future	gemam	gemēs	gemet	gemēmus	gemētis	gement
	perfect	gemuī	gemuistī	gemuit	gemuimus	gemuistis	gemuērunt, gemuēre
	pluperfect	gemueram	gemuerās	gemuerat	gemuerāmus	gemuerātis	gemuerant
	future perfect	gemuerō	gemueris	gemuerit	gemuerimus	gemueritis	gemuerint
passive	present	gemor	gemeris, gemere	gemitur	gemimur	gemiminī	gemuntur
	imperfect	gemēbar	gemēbāris, gemēbāre	gemēbātur	gemēbāmur	gemēbāminī	gemēbantur
	future	gemar	gemēris, gemēre	gemētur	gemēmur	gemēminī	gementur
	perfect	gemitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	gemitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	gemitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	gemam	gemās	gemat	gemāmus	gemātis	gemant
	imperfect	gemerem	gemerēs	gemeret	gemerēmus	gemerētis	gemerent
	perfect	gemuerim	gemuerīs	gemuerit	gemuerīmus	gemuerītis	gemuerint
	pluperfect	gemuissem	gemuissēs	gemuisset	gemuissēmus	gemuissētis	gemuissent
passive	present	gemar	gemāris, gemāre	gemātur	gemāmur	gemāminī	gemantur
	imperfect	gemerer	gemerēris, gemerēre	gemerētur	gemerēmur	gemerēminī	gemerentur
	perfect	gemitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	gemitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	geme	—	—	gemite	—
	future	—	gemitō	gemitō	—	gemitōte	gemuntō
passive	present	—	gemere	—	—	gemiminī	—
	future	—	gemitor	gemitor	—	—	gemuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		gemere	gemuisse	gemitūrum esse	gemī	gemitum esse	gemitum īrī
participles		gemēns	—	gemitūrus	—	gemitus	gemendus, gemundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		gemendī	gemendō	gemendum	gemendō	gemitum	gemitū

Derived terms

• adgemō
• aggemō
• circumgemō
• congemēscō
• congemīscō
• congemō
• gemebundus
• gemitōrius
• gemitus
• ingemēscō
• ingemīscō
• ingemō
• regemō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: geme
  • Aromanian: dzem, dzemu
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: gemere
• North-Italian:
  • Friulian: gemi
  • Ligurian: zemî
  • Piedmontese: gëmme
  • Venetan: xemer
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: gendre
  • Old French: giembre
    • French: geindre
  • Old Occitan: gemer
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: gemer
    • Portuguese: gemer
  • Asturian: ximir
  • Old Spanish: emer
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *gemicāre
  • Aragonese: chemecar, chomecar, chemecar
    • →? Catalan: gemecar
  • Catalan: gemegar
    • → Sicilian: gimigari
  • Gascon: gemicar, gemecar
  • Occitan:

    Languedocien: gemegar

    Vivaro-Alpine: gingar

  • Old French: [Term?]
    • Lorrain: /ʒəmʒi/
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *gemitāre
  • Italian: gemitare (archaic), gemetà (Romanesco)
  • Neapolitan: gemetià
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: gemir
  • →? Albanian: gjëmoj, glëmoj
  • → French: gémir
  • → Occitan: gemir
  • → Spanish: gemir (semi-learned)

Further reading

• “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gemo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• gemo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒẽ.mu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒẽ.mu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʒe.mo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʒe.mu/

• Hyphenation: ge‧mo

Verb

gemo

1. first-person singular present indicative of gemer