guth

See also: Guth, guþ, guð, and Guð

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish guth, from Proto-Celtic *gutus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰuHtus, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɡɯh/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɡʊ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡʊh/

Noun

guth m (genitive singular gutha or gotha, nominative plural guthanna or gothanna or gotha)

1. voice

   Synonym: glór

2. vote

   Synonym: vóta

Declension

Declension of guth

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative guth guthanna Vocative a ghuth a ghuthanna Genitive gutha guthanna Dative guth guthanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an guth na guthanna Genitive an ghutha na nguthanna Dative leis an nguth don ghuth leis na guthanna

Alternative declensions

Declension of guth

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative guth gothanna Vocative a ghuth a ghothanna Genitive gotha gothanna Dative guth gothanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an guth na gothanna Genitive an ghotha na ngothanna Dative leis an nguth don ghuth leis na gothanna

Declension of guth

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative guth gotha Vocative a ghuth a ghotha Genitive gotha guth Dative guth gotha

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an guth na gotha Genitive an ghotha na nguth Dative leis an nguth don ghuth leis na gotha

Derived terms

• aonghuthach (“single-voiced”, adjective)
• dordghuth (“bass voice”)
• guthán m (“telephone”)
• ollghuthach (“stentorian”, adjective)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
guth	ghuth	nguth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “guth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “guth”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “guth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “guth”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 388

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gutus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰuHtus, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʊθ/

Noun

guth m (genitive gotho or gotha)

1. voice
2. sound
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 112^b12

     Is déniu ad·ciam húa ṡúlib risíu ro·cloammar in fogur húa chluasaib, ut est is toísigiu ad·ciam teilciud in béla resíu ro·cloammar a guth sidi.

     We see more quickly with the eyes before we hear the sound with the ears, ut est we see the throwing of the axe sooner before we hear the sound of this.

Declension

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	guth	guthL	gothaeH
Vocative	guth	guthL	gothu
Accusative	guthN	guthL	gothu
Genitive	gothoH, gothaH	gothoL, gothaL	gothaeN
Dative	guthL	gothaib	gothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: guth
• Manx: goo
• Scottish Gaelic: guth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
guth	guth pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	nguth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “guth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish guth, from Proto-Celtic *gutus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰuHtus, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuh/

Noun

guth m (genitive singular gutha, plural guthan)

1. voice

Declension

Declension of guth (type IVb masculine noun)

Indefinite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	guth	guthan
Genitive	gutha	ghuthan
Dative	gutha	guthan
Definite
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	(an) guth	(na) guthan
Genitive	(a') ghutha	(nan) guthan
Dative	(a') ghutha	(na) guthan
Vocative	ghuth	ghuthan

Derived terms

• aon-ghuthach (“unanimous, unison”)
• guth fulangach (“passive voice”)
• guth spreigeach (“active voice”)
• guthach (“voiced”)
• neo-ghuthach (“voiceless”)

 

Mutation

Mutation of guth

radical	lenition
guth	ghuth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “guth”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN