rutilus
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See also: Rutilus
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly either:
- from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂réw-ti-s ~ *h₂ru-téy-s, from *h₂rew- (“to shine”) + *-tis, perhaps cognate to Proto-Celtic *ruteinos (“shiny reddish, rust colored”), via either:
- If one follows Sen in supposing an origin from older rutulus with labial dissimilation,[1] one can derive this from *rutis (“redness”) + *-elos (desubstantival suffix);
- Via reconstructing -i- as the original second vowel instead of *-e-; some scholars believe that *-i- did not merge with *-e- during vowel reductions before -l-:
- Schaffner reconstructs Proto-Italic *rutilos and segments this as Proto-Indo-European *h₂ruti-lo-;[2]
- Prósper posits instead Proto-Italic *rutiðos, the -ilus in Latin thus serving as a lambdacized counterpart to Latin -idus.[3]
- or dissimilated from Proto-Italic *rutrelos (compare Latin clītellae) also with labial dissimilation, from *rutros, variant of *ruðros (“red”) (whence Latin ruber (“red”)) + *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰ-ró-s (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) + *-rós.[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈru.ti.lus/, [ˈrʊt̪ɪɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.ti.lus/, [ˈruːt̪ilus]
Adjective
[edit]rutilus (feminine rutila, neuter rutilum); first/second-declension adjective
- of a warm or yellowish red colour, ruddy
- strawberry blonde
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | rutilus | rutila | rutilum | rutilī | rutilae | rutila | |
| Genitive | rutilī | rutilae | rutilī | rutilōrum | rutilārum | rutilōrum | |
| Dative | rutilō | rutilae | rutilō | rutilīs | |||
| Accusative | rutilum | rutilam | rutilum | rutilōs | rutilās | rutila | |
| Ablative | rutilō | rutilā | rutilō | rutilīs | |||
| Vocative | rutile | rutila | rutilum | rutilī | rutilae | rutila | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]| albus, candidus, subalbus, niveus, cēreus, marmoreus, eburneus, cānus, blancus (ML.) | glaucus, rāvus, pullus, cinereus, cinerāceus, plumbeus, grīseus (ML. or NL.) | niger, āter, piceus, furvus |
| ruber, rūbidus, rūfus, rubicundus, russus, rubrīcus, pūniceus, murrinus, mulleus; cocceus, coccīnus, badius | rutilus, armeniacus, aurantius, aurantiacus; fuscus, suffuscus, colōrius, cervīnus, spādīx, castaneus, aquilus, fulvus, brunneus (ML.) | flāvus, sufflāvus, flāvidus, fulvus, lūteus, gilvus, helvus, croceus, pallidus, blondinus (ML.) |
| galbus, galbinus, lūridus | viridis | prasinus |
| cȳaneus | caeruleus, azurīnus (ML.), caesius, blāvus (LL.) | glaucus; līvidus; venetus |
| violāceus, ianthinus, balaustīnus (NL.) | ostrīnus, amethystīnus | purpureus, ātropurpureus, roseus, rosāceus |
References
[edit]- ^ Sen, Ranjan (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 22
- ^ Schaffner, Stefan (2016/17) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Rost, Korrosion’”, in Luschützky, Hans Christian, Nedoma, Robert, Schumacher, Stefan, editors, Die Sprache: Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft[1], number 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 102-123
- ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki[2], number 2, Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press, , pages 9-50
- ^ Risch, Ernst (1979) “Die idg. Wurzel *reudh- im Lateinischen”, in Brogyanyi, Bela, editor, Studies in Diachronic, Synchronic, and Typological Linguistics: Festschrift for Oswald Szemérenyi on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory) (in German), volume 11, , pages 705–724
Further reading
[edit]- “rutilus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “rutilus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rutilus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- rutilus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.