Airbus A319
(Redirigido desde «Airbus A319-112»)
| Airbus A319 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||
| Tipo | Avión comercial | ||||||||||
| Fabricante |
 Airbus Operations GmbH | ||||||||||
| Diseñado por |
.svg){kind=small} Airbus SAS | ||||||||||
| Primer vuelo | 25 de agosto de 1995 | ||||||||||
| Introducido | abril de 1996 con Swissair | ||||||||||
| Estado | En servicio | ||||||||||
| Otros usuarios destacados |
.svg){kind=small} easyJet American Airlines Delta Air Lines United Airlines | ||||||||||
| N.º construidos | 1482 (a agosto de 2020)[1] | ||||||||||
| Coste unitario | 89,6 millones de US$ (en 2016)[2] | ||||||||||
| Desarrollo del | Airbus A320 family | ||||||||||
| Variantes | Airbus A319 MPA | ||||||||||
| Desarrollado en | Airbus A319neo | ||||||||||
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El Airbus A319 es un avión civil de pasajeros de Airbus SAS, la empresa europea de fabricación de aeronaves.
Es un modelo acortado derivado del A320, con cambios mínimos. Debido a que tiene los mismos depósitos de combustible, pero menos pasajeros (124 en configuración de 2 clases, y un máximo de 156 pasajeros (en configuración sin cocinas y con 8 salidas de emergencia, en vez de las 6 salidas del A319 estándar), su alcance se ve aumentado hasta los 7200 km, el mayor de su clase. Como el A320, posee mandos de control fly-by-wire.
En 2003 easyJet compró A319 sin cocinas por lo que la capacidad aumenta hasta 156 pasajeros en 1 clase, pero para satisfacer las normas de evacuación se añadieron puertas adicionales de emergencia sobre las alas, siendo easyJet el cliente de lanzamiento de la versión de capacidad de 156 pasajeros y 8 salidas de emergencia. Actualmente algunas de esas unidades encargadas por easyJet están operando en la aerolínea chilena de bajo coste Sky Airline.
Usa los mismos motores que el A320. Fue certificado en 1996, el mismo año en que entró en servicio con Swissair.
Variantes
[editar]Véase también: Airbus#Código de identificación de aviones Airbus
A319CJ
[editar]
Amplio interior de un A319-100 de EasyJet. El fuselaje es más ancho que el de un Boeing 737 pero más angosto que el de un Irkut MC-21.
Interior del avión privado A319CJ de Vijay Mallya.
Es una versión ejecutiva del A319. Tiene depósitos adicionales de combustible instalados en la bodega de carga, lo que aumenta su autonomía hasta los 12.000 km. Se le puede reconvertir en un A319 de pasajeros quitándole los depósitos extra, lo que aumenta su valor de reventa. También se le conoce como ACJ (Airbus Corporate Jet)
Puede llevar hasta 39 pasajeros y sus dueños pueden encargarlo con casi cualquier configuración. Compite con otros jets privados como el Gulfstream V, el Boeing BBJ o el Bombardier Global Express. Lleva los mismos motores que el A320.
Es el avión de uso oficial del Presidente de Francia, el Presidente de Brasil y desde el año 2002 un Airbus A-319CJ, prestó servicios en la flota presidencial de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, hasta diciembre del año 2013 el cual pasó a mantenimiento para ser incorporado a la flota de la aerolínea venezolana Conviasa. Cosa que no llegá a materializarse ya que el avión se encuentra en uso actual a la presidencia de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela actualmente junto con un avión ruso afiliado a Cubana de Aviación.
A319LR
[editar]Es una versión monoclase ejecutiva, especialmente diseñada para servicios de sólo clase ejecutiva en rutas intercontinentales, con 48 plazas. Tiene una autonomía de vuelo de 8.300 km. Solo lo usa Lufthansa (para vuelos especiales a Estados Unidos) y Qatar Airways (para algunos destinos con demanda limitada en Europa).
A319 MPA
[editar]Es una propuesta de versión militar derivada del Airbus A319, para uso como avión de patrulla marítima. En la actualidad, está en estudio por parte de Airbus Military para competir frente al Boeing P-8 Poseidon, avión derivado del Boeing 737.[3]
Componentes
[editar]Electrónica
[editar]
| Sistema | País | Fabricante | Notas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenguaje de programación | |
Airbus Francia | SAO |
| Computadoras de elevador y alerón (ELAC) | |
Thomson-CSF | 2 |
| Lenguaje de programación del módulo ELAC de control | Pascal | ||
| Lenguaje de programación del módulo ELAC de supervisión | C | ||
| CPUs de las ELAC | |
Motorola | 68010 |
| Computadoras de disruptor y elevador (SEC) | |
SFENA | 3 |
| Lenguaje de programación del módulo SEC de control | Ensamblador | ||
| Lenguaje de programación del módulo SEC de supervisión | Pascal | ||
| CPUs de las SEC | |
Intel | 80186 |
| Radar meteorológico (opción 2002) | |
Honeywell | RDR-4B |
| Radar meteorológico (opción 2005) | |
Collins Aerospace | Multiscan WXR-2100 |
| Radar meteorológico (opción 2010) | |
Honeywell | RDR-4000 |
| Radar meteorológico (opción 2015) | |
Collins Aerospace | Multiscan WXR-2100 V2 |
| Radar meteorológico (opción 2015) | |
Honeywell | RDR-4000 V2 |
| TAWS (opción) | |
Honeywell | EGPWS |
| TAWS (opción 2004) | |
ACSS | T2CAS |
| TAWS (opción 2010) | |
ACSS | T3CAS |
| RAAS (opción 2004) | |
Honeywell | EGPWS |
| SmartLanding (opción) | |
Honeywell | EGPWS MK V |
| SmartRunway (opción) | |
Honeywell | EGPWS MK V |
| ROPS+ (opción 2013) | |
Airbus | T3CAS |
| Landing Surveillance+ (opción 2019) | |
Airbus | |
| ATSAW (opción) | |
ACSS | T3CAS |
| ATSAW (opción) | |
Honeywell | CAS-100 |
| ACAS II (opción 1997) | |
ACSS | TCAS 2000 |
| ACAS II (opción 2004) | |
ACSS | T2CAS |
| ACAS II (opción 2007) | |
ACSS | TCAS 3000 |
| ACAS II (opción 2010) | |
ACSS | T3CAS |
| ACAS II (opción) | |
Honeywell | CAS-81 (obsoleto en 2017) |
| ACAS II (opción) | |
Honeywell | CAS-100 |
| ACAS II (opción) | |
Rockwell Collins | TCAS-94 |
| ACAS II (opción) | |
Rockwell Collins | TTR-2100 |
| Transpondedor (opción 1996) | |
ACSS | XS-950 (obsoleto en 2017) |
| Transpondedor (opción 2010) | |
ACSS | T3CAS |
| Transpondedor (opción 2016) | |
ACSS | NXT-800 |
| Transpondedor (opción 2007) | |
Rockwell Collins | TPR-901 |
| Transpondedor (opción 2017) | |
Honeywell | TRA-100B |
| Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción original) |  |
BGT Inisel Sperry SFENA |
Thales FMS1 |
| CPUs de las Thales FMS1 | |
Intel | 80286 |
| Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción original) | |
Honeywell | Honeywell FMS1 |
| Lenguajes de programación de las Honeywell FMS1 | Pascal, Ada, C++, Ensamblador | ||
| Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2001) | |
Honeywell | Pegasus |
| Lenguajes de programación de las Pegasus | Ada | ||
| CPUs de las Pegasus | |
AMD | 29050 |
| Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2002) | |
Smiths Aerospace Thales |
Thales FMS2 |
| Lenguaje de programación de las Thales FMS2 | Ada | ||
| CPUs de las Thales FMS2 | |
Motorola | 68040 |
| Computadoras de gestión del vuelo (FMC, opción 2013) | |
Honeywell | Pegasus II |
| CPUs de las Pegasus II | |
Honeywell | 29KII |
Propulsión
[editar]| Sistema | País | Fabricante | Notas |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lenguajes de programación (cálculos) | Fortran, HP Basic |
Operadores
[editar]
Operadores Civiles
[editar]Operadores del A319 por número de aeronaves operativas (A abril de 2020 se encuentran operativos 1264 unidades):[4]
American Airlines: 133[5]- United Airlines: 81[6]
- Delta Air Lines: 57[7]
easyJet: 47[8]
EasyJet Europe: 37[9]
Lufthansa: 35[10]
China Eastern Airlines: 34[11]- Allegiant Air: 34[12]
- Eurowings: 31[13]
- British Airways: 30[14]
- Air China: 27[15]
- Tibet Airlines: 27[16]
- Sichuan Airlines: 23[17]
Volotea: 20[18]
Air Canada Rouge: 20[19]
LATAM Brasil: 19[20]
Rossiya (aerolínea): 18[21]
Brussels Airlines: 16[22]
LATAM Chile: 15[23]
Air France: 14[24]
Bangkok Airways : 13[25]
LATAM Perú: 13
ITA Airways: 11[26]- Lufthansa CityLine: 11[27]
- Beijing Capital Airlines: 10[28]
Air Serbia: 10[29]- Alaska Airlines: 10[30]
- Aurora: 9[31]
- China Southern Airlines: 9[32]
Air India: 8[33]- Spirit Airlines: 8[34]
- Chongqing Airlines: 8[35]
Avianca: 7[36]
Finnair: 6[37]
Global Jet Luxembourg: 6[38]- Iberia: 6[39]
- LATAM Colombia: 6
Turkish Airlines: 6[40]
Croatia Airlines: 5[41]- Germanwings: 5
Royal Jordanian: 5[42]- Shenzhen Airlines: 5[43]
TAP Air Portugal: 5[44]- Vueling Airlines: 5[45]
- Fly Air41 Airways: 4[46]
- Sundair: 4[47]
- Ural Airlines: 4[48]
- K5 Aviation: 4[49]
Avianca (El Salvador): 4[50]
Myanmar Airways International: 4[51]
LATAM Ecuador: 4[52]- West Air China: 4[53]
Scandinavian Airlines System: 4[54]- Chengdu Airlines : 4[55]
Azerbaijan Airlines: 4[56]- Eurowings Europe: 3[57]
Eurowings Europe Malta: 3[58]
Druk Air: 3[59]
Sky Prime: 3[60]- Air Guilin: 3[61]
Avianca Costa Rica: 3[62]
Cambodia Airways: 3[63]- Loong Air: 2[64]
Carpatair: 2[65]
Amelia International: 2[66]- Braathens International Airways: 2[67]
Meraj Airlines: 2[68]
Cyprus Airways: 2- Volaris Costa Rica: 2[69]
EasyJet Switzerland: 2[70]
Tunisair: 2[71]- Iran Air: 2[72]
Air Côte d'Ivoire: 2[73]- Deer Jet 2[74]
Royal Air Philippines: 2[75]- Comlux Malta: 2[76]
- White Airways: 2[77]
Air Senegal: 2[78]- Tehran Air: 2[79]
Air Moldova : 2[80]
Talofa Airways: 2- Air Travel: 1[81]
Bulgaria Air: 1[82]
Beond: 1[83]- Chair Airlines: 1[84]
FLYONE Armenia: 1[85]
Volaris: 1[86]- Hi Fly Malta: 1[87]
- GlobalX Airlines: 1[88]
- IrAero: 1[89]
Himalaya Airlines: 1[90]
Air Albania: 1[91]- DC Aviation: 1[92]
MyWings: 1[93]- Trade Air: 1[94]
- Frontier Airlines: 1[95]
- Zagros Airlines: 1[96]
- Fly One: 1[97]
Tiketa Tour: 1[98]- AMAC Aerospace: 1[99]
- MJet 1[100]
- HiSky 1[101]
Emirates 1[102]
Liza Transport International 1[103]
Conviasa: 1[104]- Just Us Air: 1[105]
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Operadores Militares y Gubernamentales
[editar]Operadores Militares y Gubernamentales del Airbus A319:
- Luftwaffe: 3[106]
- Real Fuerza Aérea Tailandesa: 1[107]
- Gobierno de Costa de Marfil: 1[108]
Gobierno de la República de Uzbekistán: 1[109]- Gobierno de Senegal: 1[110]
Antiguos Operadores
[editar]América
[editar]
- Aruba Airlines (1)[111]
- Air Canada (48)[112]
- Sky Airline (13)[113]
- Avianca Ecuador (8)[114]
- TAME (4)[115]
- Frontier Airlines (53)[95]
- America West Airlines (10)[116]
- United Nations (1)[117]
- Avianca Perú (2)[118]
Europa
[editar]
- TUIfly (1)[120]
- Condor Flugdienst (1)[121]
- Cyprus Airways (2)[125]
- Adria Airways (3)[127]
- Olympic Air (8)[131]
- Aegean Airlines (4)[132]
- Ellinair (2)[133]
- Aer Lingus (4)[134]
- GetJet Airlines (5)[136]
- Avion Express (3)[137]
- Air Malta (7)[138]
- Hyperion Aviation (3)[139]
- Czech Airlines (9)[141]
- Swiss International Air Lines (8) [146]
- Belair (3) [147]
- Helvetic Airways (1) [148]
- IZair - Izmir Airlines (3)[149]
- AtlasGlobal (1)[150]
Asia
[editar]
- Lanmei Airlines (3)[159]
- Qatar Airways (3)[160]
- Hainan Airlines (6)[161]
- Air Macau (5)[162]
- Chang'an Airlines (4)
- Lucky Air (3)[163]
- China United Airlines (3)[164]
- Juneyao Airlines (2)[165]
- Etihad Airways (4)[166]
- Cebu Pacific Air (10)[167]
- Air Astana (1)[172]
- Asia Sky Lines (1)[178]
- Bamboo Airways (1)[179]
África
[editar]
- Nesma Airlines (1)[180]
- Cronos Airlines (1)[182]
- Air Mauritius (2)[183]
- Air Namibia (5)[184]
- Syphax Airlines (2)[187]
Oceanía
[editar]Especificaciones (A319-100 / A319LR / A319CJ)
[editar]
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Referencia datos: Airbus A320 family technical appendices.[188]
Características generales
- Tripulación: 2 pilotos y 3 Auxiliares de vuelo
- Capacidad:
- 1 clase: 134 (configuración típica), 156 (máximo)
- 2 clases: 124 (configuración típica)
- Carga:
- Longitud: 33,8 m (111 ft)
- Envergadura: 34,1 m (111,9 ft)
- Altura: 11,8 m (38,6 ft)
- Superficie alar: 122,6 m² (1319,7 ft²)
- Peso vacío: 40 800 kg (89 923,2 lb)
- Peso útil: 58 500 kg (128 934 lb)
- Peso máximo al despegue: 75 500 kg (166 402 lb)
- Planta motriz: 2× Turbofan Serie IAE V2500 o Serie CFM International CFM56-5.
- Anchura de cabina: 3,7 m
- Anchura de fuselaje: 3,95 m
- Ángulo de las alas: 25 grados
- Capacidad de combustible: 24 210 litros (estándar), 30 190 litros (máxima)
Rendimiento
- Velocidad máxima operativa (Vno): 871 km/h (Mach 0,82) a 11 000 m
- Velocidad crucero (Vc): 828 km/h (Mach 0,78) a 11 000 m
- Alcance: 6950 km, LR: 10 400 km, CJ: 12 000 km
- Radio de acción: km
- Alcance en combate: km
- Techo de vuelo: 12 000 m (39 370 ft)
- Carrera de despegue: 1950 m (a nivel del mar)
Motores
[editar]| Modelo de avión | Año | Motores |
|---|---|---|
| A319-111 | 1996 | CFM56-5B5 o 5B5/P |
| A319-112 | 1997 | CFM56-5B6 o 5B6/P or 5B6/2P |
| A319-113 | 1997 | CFM56-5A4 o 5A4/F |
| A319-114 | 1997 | CFM56-5A5 o 5A5/F |
| A319-115 | 2002 | CFM56-5B7 o 5B7/P |
| A319-131 | 1997 | IAE Modelo V2522-A5 |
| A319-132 | 1997 | IAE Modelo V2524-A5 |
| A319-133 | 2002 | IAE Modelo V2527M-A5 |
Véase también
[editar]Desarrollos relacionados
Secuencias de designación
- Aviones civiles de Airbus: A220 · A300 · A300-600ST Beluga · A310 · A318 · A319 · A320 · A321 · A330 · A330-700L · A340 · A350 · A380
Referencias
[editar]- ↑ Airbus A319 production list en RZJets; consultado el 22 de octubre de 2016
- ↑ «New Airbus aircraft list prices for 2016» (en inglés). Airbus. Archivado desde el original el 16 de junio de 2017. Consultado el 3 de octubre de 2016.
- ↑ «A319 Maritime Patrol Aircraft». naval-technology.com (en inglés). Consultado el 11 de febrero de 2014.
- ↑ A319 Production summary en Airfleets, 22 de octubre de 2016
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/American-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/United-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Delta-Air-Lines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/easyJet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/easyJet-Europe
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lufthansa
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-Eastern-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Allegiant-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Eurowings
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/British-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-China
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Tibet-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Sichuan-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Volotea-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Canada-Rouge
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/LATAM-Airlines-Brasil
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Rossiya-Russian-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Brussels-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/LATAM-Airlines-Chile
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-France
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Bangkok-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/ITA-Italia-Trasporto-Aereo
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lufthansa-CityLine
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Beijing-Capital-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Serbia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Alaska-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aurora
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-Southern-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-India
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Spirit-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Chongqing-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Finnair
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Global-Jet-Luxembourg
- ↑ https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airlines/ib-ibe/fleet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Turkish-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Croatia-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Jordanian
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Shenzhen-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TAP-Air-Portugal
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Vueling
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Fly-Air41-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Sundair
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Ural-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/K5-Aviation
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-El-Salvador
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Myanmar-Airways-International
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/LATAM-Airlines-Ecuador
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/China-West-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SAS
- ↑ https://www.airfleets.es/flottecie/Chengdu%20Airlines.htm
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/AZAL-Azerbaijan-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Eurowings-Europe
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Eurowings-Europe-Malta
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Druk-Air-Royal-Bhutan-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Sky-Prime
- ↑ «Please verify your request». www.planespotters.net. Consultado el 16 de agosto de 2021.
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-Costa-Rica
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Cambodia-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Loong-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Carpatair
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Amelia-International
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Braathens-International-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Meraj-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Volaris-Costa-Rica
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/easyJet-Switzerland
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Tunisair
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Iran-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Cote-d-Ivoire
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Deer-Jet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Air-Charter-Services
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Comlux-Malta
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/White
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Senegal-2017
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Tehran-Airline
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Moldova
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Travel-China
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Bulgaria-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Beond
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Chair-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/FLYONE-Armenia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Volaris
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Hi-Fly-Malta
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/GlobalX-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/IrAero/
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Himalaya-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Albania
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/DC-Aviation
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/MyWings
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Trade-Air
- ↑ a b https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Frontier-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Zagros-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Fly-One
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Tiketa-Tour
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/AMAC-Aerospace
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/MJet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/HiSky
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Emirates
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Liza-Transport-International
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Conviasa
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Just-Us-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/German-Air-Force
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Thai-Air-Force
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/government/Republique-de-Cote-dIvoire
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Government-of-the-Republic-of-Uzbekistan
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Senegal-Government
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aruba-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Canada
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Sky-Airline
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-Ecuador
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TAME
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/America-West-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/United-Nations
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avianca-Peru
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Mexicana
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/TUIfly
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Condor
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Austrian-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/FlyBosnia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Balkan-Holidays-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Cyprus-Airways-2016
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Atlantic-Airways-%28Atlantsflog%29
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Adria-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aigle-Azur
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/French-Air-Force
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Corsica
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Olympic-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aegean-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Ellinair
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aer-Lingus
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Alitalia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/GetJet-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Avion-Express
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Malta
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Hyperion-Aviation
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Acropolis-Aviation
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Czech-Airlines-CSA
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/S7-Siberia-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Aeroflot-Russian-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/I-Fly
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Comlux-San-Marino
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Swiss
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Belair
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Helvetic
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/IZair-Izmir-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.airfleets.es/flottecie/AtlasGlobal.htm
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/East-West-Express
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Anda-Air
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Jonika
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Saudi-Arabian-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/flynas
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aviation-Link-Company
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Gulf-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Royal-Brunei-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lanmei-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Qatar-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Hainan-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Macau
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Lucky-Air
- ↑ https://www.airfleets.es/flottecie/China%20United%20Airlines.htm
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Juneyao-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Etihad-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/CEBU-Pacific-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SpiceJet
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Scoot
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Taban-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Qeshm-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Astana
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Wings-Of-Lebanon
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Hunnu-Air
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/AirBlue
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SilkAir
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/SriLankan-Airlines
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Asia-Sky-Lines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Bamboo-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Nesma-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Eritrean-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Cronos-Airlines
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Mauritius
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/Air-Namibia
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/First-Nation-Airways
- ↑ https://m.planespotters.net/airline/South-African-Airways
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Syphax-Airlines
- ↑ «All about the A320 family – Technical Appendices». Airbus. mayo de 2009. Archivado desde el original el 22 de septiembre de 2010. Consultado el 9 de junio de 2010.
Enlaces externos
[editar]| Control de autoridades |
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Datos: Q3317803
Multimedia: Airbus A319 / Q3317803