Cultigena

Cultigena^[1] est in botanica planta ab homine de industria mutata aut selecta. Itaque ex iis quae generantur e terra, cultigenae sunt stirpes et herbae quae selectione artificiali producuntur. Huius generis anthropogenae sive res humano consilio effectae plerumque mercandi causa adhibentur in agrorum, hortorum, silvarum cultura. Cultigenae non eo, ubi adolescunt, sed eo, quo modo ortae sunt, definiuntur. Itaque stirpes et herbae huic definitioni respondentes cultigenae dicuntur, sive naturalizatae sataeve de industria sunt in loca inculta, sive in cultura sunt.

Cultigenarum genera haec fere sunt:

varietates ex locis incultis selectae;
varietates excultae earumque selectiones;
stirpes et herbae genis mutatae, id est: quibus materia genetica de industria insita est;
variae insitiones, inter quas stirpes quibus insiti sunt silvestrium arborum surculi ad adipiscendum commixta texta; hybridae; selectiones peculiares.

Cultigenae multis modis nuncupari possunt. Translaticia scientificae nomenclaturae ratio est quae consilia Codicis nomenclaturae botanicae internationalis sequitur. Hac ratione nuncupatae sunt multae cultigenae utilissimae, sicut banana et maizium. Quamquam plane nihil obstat, quin quaelibet cultigena nomine botanico ornetur cuiuslibet gradus, nunc aut aliquando,^[2] hodie increbruit nomenclaturae consuetudo, ut nominentur cultigenae secundum praecepta, regulas, commendationes statutas libro Cultivated Plant Code inscripto,^[3] qui ad triplicem cultigenarum nuncupandarum rationem decurrit his usus categoriis: cultivar, Gruppus cultivar, grex.^[4] Quae cum ita sint, dici potest natam esse stirpium et herbarum excultarum taxinomiae disciplinam, quae certam dat rationem, qua cultigenae respiciantur.^[5] Omnes cultigenae nomen non receperunt ex his praeceptis.

Notae

↑ Novum vocabulum per analogiam ab indigena deductum; confer Bailey (1918; 1923). De formis cultigenae feminini generis, vide e.g. Cufodontis (1954: 150); neutrius generis, Stearn (1983: 410); V. Butkus et K. Pliszka, "The Highbush Blueberry—A new cultivated species,"^{[nexus deficit]} ISHS Acta Horticulturae 346: V International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture (1993); N. Tomooka, N. Maxted, C. Thavarasook, et A.H. M. Jayasuriya, "Two new species, sectional designations and new combinations in Vigna subgenus Ceratotropia (Piper) Verdc. (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae)," Kew Bulletin 57 (2002): 613-624.
↑ McNeill & al. (ed. 2006): Art. 28 nota 3.
↑ Brickell & al. (ed. 2009).
↑ Grex in Brickell & al. (ed. 2009) additus ad orchis tantum pertinet.
↑ In Brickell & al. (ed. 2009: Principle 6) signa commercialia aliaeque mercandi artes repudiantur.

Bibliographia

Bailey, L.H. (1918). The indigen and cultigen. Science ser. 2, 47:306–308.
Bailey, L.H. (1923). Various cultigens, and transfers in nomenclature. Gentes Herbarum 1:113–136.
Brickell, C.D. & al. (ed. 2009) International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). Editio octava. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). (Scripta Horticulturae, 10.)
Cufodontis, Georg (1954) Supplement: Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles 24(2): 113-192.
Lawrence, George H. M. (1953). Cultivar, Distinguished from Variety. Baileya 1:19–20.
McNeill, J. & al. (ed. 2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. (Regnum Vegetabile, 146)
Spencer, R.D. & Cross, R.G. (2007). The cultigen. Taxon 56(3): 938–940
Spencer, R.D. & Cross, R.G. (2007). The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), and the cultigen. Taxon 56(3):938-940.
Spencer, R, Cross, R & Lumley, P. (2007)(ed. tertia). Plant names: a guide to botanical nomenclature. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia
Stearn, W.T. (1983) Botanical Latin: History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. 3a. Londinii: David & Charles.

De hac pagina

Haec pagina fuit Translatio Hebdomadalis a die 7 Martii 2012 ad diem 14 Martii 2012.

[1] Novum vocabulum per analogiam ab indigena deductum; confer Bailey (1918; 1923). De formis cultigenae feminini generis, vide e.g. Cufodontis (1954: 150); neutrius generis, Stearn (1983: 410); V. Butkus et K. Pliszka, "The Highbush Blueberry—A new cultivated species,"^{[nexus deficit]} ISHS Acta Horticulturae 346: V International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture (1993); N. Tomooka, N. Maxted, C. Thavarasook, et A.H. M. Jayasuriya, "Two new species, sectional designations and new combinations in Vigna subgenus Ceratotropia (Piper) Verdc. (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae)," Kew Bulletin 57 (2002): 613-624.

[2] McNeill & al. (ed. 2006): Art. 28 nota 3.

[3] Brickell & al. (ed. 2009).

[4] Grex in Brickell & al. (ed. 2009) additus ad orchis tantum pertinet.

[5] In Brickell & al. (ed. 2009: Principle 6) signa commercialia aliaeque mercandi artes repudiantur.

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