Exsistentia
Exsistentia[1] generaliter habetur illud quod vere perseverat praeter praesentiam sui.
Ontologia plerumque est philosophicum naturae entitatis, exsistentiae, vel realitatis studium, cum primis categoriis entis et earum cognationibus. Pars philosophia, metaphysica a maioribus appellata, quaestiones tractat quae investigant quales entitates exsistunt sive exsistere dici possunt (exempli gratia, "Exsistit UDFj-39546284 structura stellaris?"'), et quomodo tales entitates disponi, intra hierarchiam coniungi, et per similitudines et differentias dividi possunt.
Materialismus docet solas res quae exsistunt materiam et energiam esse, omnes res ex materia componi, omnes actiones energiae egent, omnesque phaenomena (inter quae conscientia) ex interactionibus materialibus oriuntur.
Vita est proprietas quae res quibus sunt rationes biologicae se sustinentes distinguit a proprietabus quae tales res non habent[2][3]—aut quia tales functiones desierunt (mors), aut quia talibus functionibus carent et inanimatae describuntur.[4]
Exsistentia in mathematica a quantifactore asseritur, quantifactore exsistentiali, uno ex quantifactoribus, quorum alius est quantifactor universalis. Proprietates quantifactoris per axiomata constituuntur.
Nexus interni
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ Vocabulum etiam existentia scriptum.
- ↑ Koshland 2002.
- ↑ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, ed. 4a (Houghton Mifflin Company), via Answers.com:
- "The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism."
- "The characteristic state or condition of a living organism."
- ↑ Definitio vocabuli inanimate. WordNet Search, Princeton University.
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Aristoteles. 1999. The Metaphysics, conv. Hugh Lawson-Tancred. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044619-2, ISBN 978-0-14-044619-7.
- Arnauld, Antoine, et Pierre Nicole. 1996. Logic, or the Art of Thinking, conv. J. Buroker. Cantabrigiae.
- Eagleton, Terry. 2007. The Meaning of Life. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-921070-5, ISBN 978-0-19-921070-1.
- Heraclitus. 2003. Fragments, conv. Brooks Hexton; praefatio James Hilton. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-243765-4, ISBN 978-0-14-243765-0.
- Koshland, Daniel E., Jr. 2002. The Seven Pillars of Life. Science 295(5563):2215–2216. PMID 11910092. doi:10.1126/science.1068489.
- Loux, Michael J. Ockham's Theory Of Terms. Liber I Summa Logicae (circa 1327) conversus.
- Magee, Bryan. 1998. The Story of Philosophy. Londinii: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7513-0590-1.
- Mill, John Stuart. 1908, 2003. A System of Logic. Ed. 8a.
- Plato. 2003. The Republic, conv. Desmond Lee. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044914-0, ISBN 978-0-14-044914-3.
- Thalheimer, Alvin. 1920. The Meaning of the Terms: Existence and Reality. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.
- Williams, C. J. F. 1981. What is Existence? Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]- The Concept of Existence: History and Definitions from Leading Philosophers
- Sayf al-Din al-Amidi. 1805. "A Treatise on Book Titles" de "original" and "mental existence".