Renascentia Franciscopolis

Renascentia Franciscopolis fuit motus litterarius Franciscopoli conditus qui urbem axem fecit poesis avant-garde Americanae; nonnulli^[1] autem credunt hanc renascentiam rem maiorem fuisse, quae motus artes oculorum et corporis, philosophiam, studia trans culturas (praecipue ea quae culturas Asianas tractare solent), et novas prudentias sociales coniungentem videri debet.

Initium

Kennethus Rexroth—poeta, interpres, iudex litterarum, et auctor—plerumque habetur pater conditor huius redintegrationis poeticae. Rexroth fuit prominens poeta modernisticus aetatis alterius, qui epistularum commercium habebat cum Ezra Pound et Gulielmo Carolo Williams et cuius poemata in Objectivist Anthology edita sunt. Rexroth inter primis poetis Americanis enumeratur qui genera poesis Iaponica sicut haicu exploraverunt, et a iaz penitus motus est. Alius conditor fuit Magdalena Gleason, quae annis 1940 cum Rexroth in amicitiam recepit Robertum Duncam, Iacobum Spicer, et Robinum Blaser, iuveniores poetas in Universitate Californiensi Berkeleiae studentis. Gleason et Duncan familiares eorum opera inter se legerunt et iudicaverunt.

Motus emergit

Mense Aprili 1947, Gleason primum Festum Poesis Modernae in Pinacotheca Luciani Labaudt in Via Gough ordinavit. Duos vesperos duodecim poetas, inter quos Rexroth, Robertus Duncan, et Spicer fuerunt, ad auditores in poetis iuvenibus et amantes poesis attulit. Haec fuit prima agnitio publica varietatis usuum poeticorum experimentalium quae in urbe vigebat.

Annis 1950, Duncan et Robertus Creeley in Collegio Montis Atri docebat, nexus inter poetas Franciscopolis et poetas Montis Atri facientes. Multi scriptores Franciscopolis res publicare coeperunt in Cid Corman Origin et in Black Mountain Review, ephemeribus gregis Montis Atri. Studium Spiceranum cante jondo poetas imaginis profundae attraxit. Anno 1957, Spicer suum seminarium de poesi ut magia in Collegio Civico Franciscopolis ordinavit, Duncan participe.

Effectus "novae poesis Americanae"

Instrumentum culturale hic fortassi maximi momenti fuit (et iam manet) Donaldi Allen anthologia The New American Poetry 1945–1960. In qua congerie Allen nonnullos ex poetis "San Francisco Renaissance" posuit. Marjorie Perloff dixit:

Duncan poeta ducens huius gregis emersit, cum etiam ad Montem Atrum pertineret. Inter hos poetas, qui plerumque perfunctione orali in Regione Sinus innotuerunt, sunt tredecim: Frater Antoninus [Gulielmus Everson], Robinus Blaser, Iacobus Spicer, Iacobus Broughton, Magdalena Gleason, Helena Adam, Laurentius Ferlinghetti, Bruce Boyd, Kirby Doyle, Ricardus Duerden, Philippus Lamantia, Ebbe Borregaard, et Ludovicus Welch.^[2]^[3]

Anthologia Alleniana fuit maximi momenti in definitione poeticae et latioris culturae dynamicae certi temporis historici, quod nunc Renasacentia Franciscopolis appellatur. Quamquam certa "aetas" nunc nominata erat (partim ob anthologiam Alleniamam), disceptatio de usu vocabuli Renascentia Franciscopolis ut pittacium definitionis temporis vel aetatis omnis hodie persistit.

Inter criticos vocabulorum et eos qui audent rogare quomodo et cur interrogatio conscientiam efficere potest, fortasse Ronaldus Silliman dilucidissimus fuit: "Renascentia Franciscopolis est grex qui, ut antea asserui, plerumque fictio ex necessitate creata est ut Allen suam materiam ordinaret."^[4]^[5]

Prostrati

Laurentius Ferlinghetti in City Lights Bookstore, 2007.

Eodem fere tempore cum Duncan, Spicer, et Blaser Berkeleiae habitarent, Gary Snyder, Philippus Whalen, et Ludovicus Welch College Reed Portlandiae una frequentabant. Qui tres, cum Kirby Doyle, indigena Franciscopolis, nucleum gregis Orae Occidentalis Aetatis Prostratae constituunt.

Laurentius Ferlinghetti, doctoratum petens, Sorbonnam frequentaverat, et cum Lutetiae habitaret in Kennethum Rexroth incidit, qui ei suasit ut ad Franciscopolim migraret ut crescentem scaenam litterariam ibi cognosceret. Ab 1951 ad 1953, Ferlinghetti Francicam docuit, iudicia litteraria scripsit, et picturas pinxit. Anno 1953, cum quodam socio commerciali City Lights Bookstore constituit, et duos annos post res ex City Lights Press proferre coepit.

Snyder et Whalen, una cum Michaele McClure, fuerunt inter poetas qui in lectione Pinacothecae Six insigniter perfunctos sunt, lectione quam Kennethus Rexroth Franciscopoli die 13 Octobris^[6] 1955 ordinaverat. Haec lectio signum adventus Renascentiae Franciscopolis in conscientia publica fuit, et urbem iuvit ut famam stabilaret loci agitationis contraculturalis qui per annos hippie viguerit. Brevis huius casus relatus est capitulum alterum libri The Dharma Bums, mythistoriae Iacobi Kerouac (1958). Qui hoc in relato lectionem "Howl" describit. Kerouac et Ginsberg cum poetis amicis lectionem frequentaverant.

Fortuna

Alanus Watts, philosophus et scriptor in regione Sinuosa Franciscopolis habitans, in sua autobiographia memorat circa 1960, "alia res veniebat, in religione, in musica, in ethica, et sexualitate, in nostris sententiis naturae, et in omne nostro modo vivendi."^[7]^[8]

Nonnulli compositores aetatis rock circa 1965 et post scriptores sicut Kerouac, Snyder, McClure, Ferlinghetti, et Ginsberg legunt ac, ut Robertus Dylan dixit, magni aestimaverunt. Ergo, veri simile est scriptores Renascentiae Franciscopolis verba movisse carminum musicae rock, cuius musici sonum Franciscopolis annis 1960 exeuntibus evolvebant, in rationibus artis et habitibus vivendi.

Unum ex exemplis maximi momenti in "prelo subterraneo" quod in America Septentrionali et alibi annis 1960 exeuntibus oriebatur est San Francisco Oracle ('Oraculum Franciscopolis'), quod culturam hippie et alias contraculturae species expressit. Oracle multum spatium Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Laurentio Ferlinghetti, Michaeli McClure, et aliis scriptoribus prostratis dedit, una cum scriptoribus iuvenioribus emergentibus.

Laurentius Ferlinghetti et Michael McClure egregie videntur in scaena cum multis luminibus rockicis in The Last Waltz ('Ultima valsa'), pellicula documentaria de The Band (cui fuerunt permulti sectatores ab 1968 fere ad 1976) et de multis ex gregis amicis, a Martino Scorsese facta.

Notae

↑ Exempli gratia, Alanus Watts et Radulphus J. Gleason.
↑ Anglice: "Duncan emerg[ed] as the leading poet of this group even as he also belongs to Black Mountain. These poets, who largely became known through oral performance in the Bay Area, include the following thirteen: Brother Antoninus (William Everson), Robin Blaser, Jack Spicer, James Broughton, Madeline Gleason, Helen Adam, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Bruce Boyd, Kirby Doyle, Richard Duerden, Philip Lamantia, Ebbe Borregaard, and Lew Welch.
↑ Whose New American Poetry?: Anthologizing In The Nineties.
↑ Anglice: "San Francisco Renaissance is a grouping that I’ve argued before was largely a fiction created by Allen’s need to organize his materials."
↑ Blog Ronaldi Silliman, ronsilliman.blogspot.com.
↑ Aut 7 Octobris; fontes variant.
↑ Anglice: "something else was on the way, in religione, in music, in ethics and sexuality, in our attitudes to nature, and in our whole style of life."
↑ Watts, ex In My Own Way.

Bibliographia

Print

Allen, Donald M., ed. 1960, 1999. The New American Poetry: 1945-1960. University of California Press.
Davidson, Michael. 1989. The San Francisco Renaissance: Poetics and Community at Mid-Century. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Ellingham, Lewis, et Kevin Killian. 1998. Poet Be Like God: Jack Spicer and the San Francisco Renaissance. Hanoveriae Novae Hantoniae: Wesleyan University Press.
French, Warren G. 1991. The San Francisco Poetry Renaissance 1955-1960. Bostoniae: Twayne. ISBN 0805776214.
Kerouac, Jack. 1958. The Dharma Bums. Novi Eboraci: Harcourt Brace. ISBN 0140042520.
Snyder, Gary. 1980. The Real Work: Interviews & Talks 1964-1979. Novi Eboraci: New Directions. ISBN 0811207617.
Spicer, Jack. 1975. The Collected Books of Jack Spicer. Ed. cum commentario Robin Blaser. Santa Rosa Californiae: Black Sparrow Press.
Wagstaff, Christopher, ed. Madeline Gleason: Collected Poems 1919–1979.
Watts, Alan W. 1972. Breakthrough. In In My Own Way. Novi Eboraci. ISBN 0394469119.

Disci

Howls, Raps & Roars: Recordings from the San Francisco poetry renaissance. 1963. Compilatio. Universal Music Group. Reimpressus Fantasy Records, 1993.

Nexus externi

"The Beats and the San Francisco Renaissance," www.lib.virginia.edu
"City Lights History," web.archive.org

[1] Exempli gratia, Alanus Watts et Radulphus J. Gleason.

[2] Anglice: "Duncan emerg[ed] as the leading poet of this group even as he also belongs to Black Mountain. These poets, who largely became known through oral performance in the Bay Area, include the following thirteen: Brother Antoninus (William Everson), Robin Blaser, Jack Spicer, James Broughton, Madeline Gleason, Helen Adam, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Bruce Boyd, Kirby Doyle, Richard Duerden, Philip Lamantia, Ebbe Borregaard, and Lew Welch.

[3] Whose New American Poetry?: Anthologizing In The Nineties.

[4] Anglice: "San Francisco Renaissance is a grouping that I’ve argued before was largely a fiction created by Allen’s need to organize his materials."

[5] Blog Ronaldi Silliman, ronsilliman.blogspot.com.

[6] Aut 7 Octobris; fontes variant.

[7] Anglice: "something else was on the way, in religione, in music, in ethics and sexuality, in our attitudes to nature, and in our whole style of life."

[8] Watts, ex In My Own Way.

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