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Ten

Wykonawca albumu studyjnego
Pearl Jam
Wydany	27 sierpnia 1991 24 marca 2009 (reedycja)
Nagrywany	27 marca – 26 kwietnia 1991 w London Bridge Studios w Seattle w stanie Waszyngton
Gatunek	Rock alternatywny, Grunge
Długość	53:24 67:29 (wydanie europejskie) 56:58 (wydanie japońskie)
Wydawnictwo	Epic Records
Producent	Pearl Jam, Rick Parashar
Oceny
AllMusic link Entertainment Weekly (B-) 12/13/91 Q 3/92, s.79 Robert Christgau (B-) 12/1/92 Rolling Stone 12/12/91 Stereo Review (mixed) 1/92, s.80
Album po albumie
— Ten (1991) Vs. (1993)

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Ten to pierwszy album studyjny grupy Pearl Jam, wydany 27 sierpnia 1991 przez wytwórnię Epic Records. Zespół powstał po rozpadzie Mother Love Bone, poprzedniej grupy basisty Jeffa Amenta i gitarzysty Stone'a Gossarda. Razem z wokalistą Eddiem Vedderem, gitarzystą Mike'em McCreadym i perkusistą Dave'em Krusenem w 1990 roku utworzyli oni Pearl Jam. Większość piosenek zawartych na albumie powstało wyniku instrumentalnych improwizacji, do których Vedder napisał teksty mówiące między innymi o depresji, bezdomności i to form Pearl Jam in 1990. Most of the songs began as instrumental jams, to which Vedder added lyrics about topics such as depression, homelessness, and abuse.

Ten was not an immediate success, but by late 1992 it had reached number two on the Billboard 200 chart. The album produced three hit singles: "Alive", "Even Flow", and "Jeremy". While Pearl Jam was accused of jumping on the grunge bandwagon at the time, Ten was instrumental in popularizing alternative rock in the mainstream. The album has been certified twelve times platinum by the RIAA in the United States and remains Pearl Jam's most successful album.

Background

Guitarist Stone Gossard and bassist Jeff Ament had played together in the pioneering grunge band Green River. Following Green River's dissolution in 1987, Ament and Gossard played together in Mother Love Bone during the 1980s. Mother Love Bone's career was cut short when singer Andrew Wood died of a drug overdose in 1990, shortly before the release of the group's debut album. Devastated, it took months before Gossard and Ament agreed to play together again. The duo started jamming with fellow Seattle guitarist Mike McCready, building up material. The three then went into the studio for separate sessions with Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron and former Shadow drummer Chris Friel to record some instrumental demos. Five of the songs recorded—"Dollar Short", "Agytian Crave", "Footsteps", "Richard's E", and "E Ballad"—were compiled onto a tape called Stone Gossard Demos '91 that was circulated in the hopes of finding a singer and drummer for the trio.

San Diego musician Eddie Vedder acquired a copy of the demo in September 1990, when it was given to him by former Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Jack Irons. Vedder listened to the demo, went surfing, and wrote lyrics the next day for "Dollar Short", "Agytian Crave", and "Footsteps". "Dollar Short" and "Agytian Crave" were later retitled "Alive" and "Once", respectively. Gossard and Ament heard the demo with Vedder's vocals and lyrics, and were impressed enough to fly Vedder out to Seattle for an audition. Meanwhile, Vedder had written lyrics for "E Ballad", retitled "Black". Vedder arrived on October 13 and rehearsed with the band (now joined by drummer Dave Krusen) for a week, writing eleven songs in the process. Vedder was soon hired as the band's singer, and the group signed to Epic Records shortly thereafter.

Recording

The band, then named Mookie Blaylock, entered London Bridge Studios in Seattle, Washington in March 1991 with producer Rick Parashar to record its debut album. A few tracks were previously recorded at London Bridge in January, but only "Alive" was carried over from that session. The album sessions were quick and lasted only a month, mainly due to the band having already written most of the material for the record. "Porch", "Deep", "Why Go", and "Garden" were first recorded during the album sessions, everything else had been previously recorded during demo sessions at some point. McCready said that "Ten was mostly Stone and Jeff; me and Eddie were along for the ride at that time."

The recording sessions for Ten were completed in May 1991. Krusen left the band once the sessions were completed, checking himself into rehab. The band joined Tim Palmer in June in England for mixing. Palmer decided to mix the album at Ridge Farm Studios in Dorking, a converted farm that according to Palmer was "about as far away from an L.A. or New York studio as you can get." Palmer made a few additions to the already-recorded songs, including having McCready finish up the guitar solo on "Alive" and tweaking the intro to "Black". Palmer overdubbed a pepper shaker and a fire extinguisher as percussion on "Oceans".

In subsequent years, band members have expressed dissatisfaction with the way the album's mixing turned out. In 2001, Ament said, "I'd love to remix Ten. Ed, for sure, would agree with me...It wouldn't be like changing performances; just pull some of the reverb off it." In 2002, Gossard said, "It was 'over-rocked', we were novices in the studio and spent too long recording, doing different takes, and killing the vibe and overdubbing tons of guitar. There's a lot of reverb on the record." In 2006, Vedder said, "I can listen to the early records [except] the first record...it's just the sound of the record. It was kind of mixed in a way that was...it was kind of produced."

Music and lyrics

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Several of the songs on Ten started as instrumental compositions that Vedder added lyrics to after he joined the band. Regarding the lyrics, Vedder said, "All I really believe in is this fucking moment, like right now. And that, actually, is what the whole album talks about." Vedder's lyrics for Ten deal with subjects like depression, suicide, loneliness, and murder. The album also tackles social concerns such as homelessness ("Even Flow") and the use of psychiatric hospitals ("Why Go"). Many listeners interpreted "Alive" as an inspirational anthem due to its decidedly uplifting instrumentals and chorus. Vedder has since revealed that the song tells the semi-biographical tale of a son discovering that his father is actually his stepfather (his real father having died long ago), while his mother’s grief turns her to sexually embrace her son, who strongly resembles the biological father. The song "Jeremy" and its accompanying video were inspired by an incident where a high school student shot himself in front of his classmates.

"Alive" and "Once" formed part of a song cycle Vedder called the Mamasan trilogy (the third song, "Footsteps", appeared as a B-side on the "Jeremy" single). Vedder explained that the lyrics told the story of a young man whose father dies ("Alive"), causing him to go on a killing spree ("Once") which leads to his capture and execution ("Footsteps"). It was later revealed that Vedder's lyrics were inspired by his long-held hurt in discovering at age 17 that the man he thought was his father was not, and that his real father had already died.

As mentioned above, Ten dealt with dark subject matter but is almost universally considered to be a high water-mark of the early 1990s Rock alternatywny sound, with Vedder's unusually deep and strong (and later much imitated) voice alternating between solidity and vibrato against the unrestrained, guitar-heavy, pure rock sound that harkened back to Led Zeppelin and other rock bands of the 1970s. Ten's musical style, influenced by classic rock, combined an "expansive harmonic vocabulary" with an anthemic sound. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated that the songs on the album fused "the riff-heavy stadium rock of the '70s with the grit and anger of '80s Post punk, without ever neglecting hooks and choruses."

Ten features a two-part track entitled "Master/Slave" that both opens and closes the album. The first part begins the album, before "Once" starts, and the second part closes the album, after "Release". It begins about ten seconds after the album's closer "Release" as a hidden track, but both count as one track on the CD. The song is entirely instrumental (except for random unintelligible words Vedder utters throughout) and a dominant bass line persists in the song, along with some guitar and sounds that seem to come from the drums. Producer Rick Parashar stated in 2002, "As I recall, I think Jeff had, like, a bass line...I heard the bass line and then we kind of were collaborating on that in the control room, and then I just started programming on the keyboard all this stuff; he was jamming with it and it just kind of came about like that."

Release and reception

Ten initially sold slowly upon its release, but by the second half of 1992 it became a breakthrough success, attaining an RIAA gold certification. After being released almost a year prior, the album finally broke into the top ten of the Billboard 200 album chart on May 30, 1992, reaching number eight. Ten would eventually peak at number two. It was held off the top spot by the Billy Ray Cyrus album, Some Gave All. By February 1993, American sales of Ten surpassed those of Nevermind, the breakthrough album by fellow grunge band Nirvana. Ten continued to sell well two years after its release; in 1993 it was the eighth best-selling album in the United States, outselling Pearl Jam's second album, Vs. As of March 2007, Ten has sold 9.5 million copies in the United States alone according to Nielsen SoundScan, and has been certified twelve times platinum by the RIAA.

David Fricke of Rolling Stone gave the album a favorable review. He said that Pearl Jam "hurtles into the mystic at warp speed." He also added that Pearl Jam "wring a lot of drama out of a few declarative power chords swimming in echo." Allan Jones of Melody Maker suggested in his review of Ten that it is Vedder that "provides Pearl Jam with such a uniquely compelling focus." The band did receive criticism in the music press. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly gave the album a B–. Regarding Pearl Jam’s sound, Browne stated that "you've heard it all before on records by fellow Northwestern rockers like Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, and the defunct Mother Love Bone." He ended by saying that Pearl Jam "often...lose themselves in a sound that only goes to show that just about anything can be harnessed and packaged." British music magazine NME said that Pearl Jam was "trying to steal money from young alternative kids' pockets." Nirvana's Kurt Cobain angrily attacked Pearl Jam, claiming the band were commercial sellouts, and argued Ten was not a true alternative album because it had so many prominent guitar leads.

Ten produced three hit singles, "Alive", "Even Flow", and "Jeremy", all of which had accompanying music videos (The "Oceans" video was released only outside of the U.S.). The singles all placed on the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock charts. The song "Black" reached number three on the Mainstream Rock chart, despite never being released as a single. The video for "Alive" was nominated for the MTV Video Music Award for Best Alternative Video in 1992. "Jeremy" became one of Pearl Jam's best-known songs, and received nominations for Best Rock Song and Best Hard Rock Performance at the 1993 Grammy awards. The video for "Jeremy", directed by Mark Pellington, was put into heavy rotation by MTV and became a huge hit, receiving five nominations at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards, of which it won four, including Video of the Year and Best Group Video.

In 2003, the album was ranked number 207 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Readers of Q voted Ten as the 42nd greatest album ever; however, three years later the album was listed lower at 59th. In 2003, VH1 placed it at number 83 on their list of the 100 greatest albums of rock and roll. It was also ranked number 15 in the October 2006 issue of Guitar World on the magazine's list of the 100 greatest guitar albums of all time. In 2007, the album was included at number 11 on the list of the "Definitive 200" albums of all time developed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers.

In March 2009, the entire album will be made available as downloadable content for the Rock Band series.

Imagery and design

The album's cover art features the members of the band at the time of recording in a group pose. Ament said, "The original concept was about really being together as a group and entering into the world of music as a true band...a sort of all-for-one deal." Ament is credited for the album's artwork and art direction, Lance Mercer receives credit for photography, and both Lisa Sparagano and Risa Zaitschek are credited for design. Pearl Jam's original name was taken from the professional basketball player Mookie Blaylock. It was changed after the band signed to Epic Records, as record executives were concerned about intellectual property and naming rights following Blaylock's inking of an endorsement deal with Nike. In commemoration of the band's original name, the band titled its first album Ten after Blaylock's jersey number.

Tour

Ament stated that "essentially Ten was just an excuse to tour," adding, "We told the record company, 'We know we can be a great band, so let's just get the opportunity to get out and play.'" Pearl Jam faced a relentless touring schedule for Ten, with drummer Dave Abbruzzese joining the band for Pearl Jam's live shows supporting the album. In the fall of 1991 the band took a slot opening for the Red Hot Chili Peppers in North America. Epic executive Michael Goldstone observed that "the band did such an amazing job opening the Chili Peppers tour that it opened doors at radio."

In 1992, the band embarked on its first ever European tour. On March 13, 1992 at the Munich, Germany show at Nachtwerk, Pearl Jam played Ten in its entirety in order mid-way through its set. The band then came back and did another tour of North America. Goldstone noted that the band's audience expanded, saying that unlike before, "everyone came." When Pearl Jam came back for a second go-around in Europe the band appeared at the Pinkpop Festival and the Roskilde Festival in June 1992. The band cancelled its remaining European dates in the summer of 1992 after the Roskilde Festival due to a confrontation with security at that event as well as exhaustion from touring. Ament said, "We'd been on the road over 10 months. I think there just came a point about half way through that tour it was just starting to get pretty intense." The band would go on to play the 1992 Lollapalooza tour with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Soundgarden, and Ministry, among others.

Track listing

1. "Once" (Eddie Vedder, Stone Gossard) – 3:51
2. "Even Flow" (Vedder, Gossard) – 4:53
3. "Alive" (Vedder, Gossard) – 5:40
4. "Why Go" (Vedder, Jeff Ament) – 3:19
5. "Black" (Vedder, Gossard) – 5:43
6. "Jeremy" (Vedder, Ament) – 5:18
7. "Oceans" (Vedder, Gossard, Ament) – 2:41
8. "Porch" (Vedder) – 3:30
9. "Garden" (Vedder, Gossard, Ament) – 4:58
10. "Deep" (Vedder, Gossard, Ament) – 4:18
11. "Release" (Ament, Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, Vedder) – 9:04
    • "Release" contains the hidden track "Master/Slave" at 5:20.

UK/German bonus tracks

12. "Alive" (live) (Vedder, Gossard) – 4:54
13. "Wash" (Ament, Gossard, Krusen, McCready, Vedder) – 3:33
14. "Dirty Frank" (Dave Abbruzzese, Ament, Gossard, McCready, Vedder) – 5:38

Japanese bonus tracks

12. "I've Got a Feeling" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:42
13. "Master/Slave" (Vedder, Ament) – 3:50

Outtakes

The album's singles featured two B-sides from the Ten recording sessions that weren't included on the album, "Wash" and "Yellow Ledbetter". The former was a B-side on the "Alive" single while the latter was featured on the "Jeremy" single. "Yellow Ledbetter" eventually became a radio hit in 1994. Both songs were included on the 2003 Lost Dogs collection of rarities, although the included version of "Wash" is an alternate take. The song "Alone" was also originally recorded for Ten; a 1992 re-recorded version of the song is on the "Go" single. Another version of "Alone", with re-recorded vocals, appears on Lost Dogs. According to McCready, "Alone" was cut from Ten because the band already had enough mid-tempo songs for the album.

The song "Footsteps" began as an instrumental demo and was compiled onto the Stone Gossard Demos '91 tape. Vedder added vocals to this version after he received the demo tape. "Footsteps" was featured as a B-side on the "Jeremy" single, however this version is taken from a 1992 appearance on the radio show Rockline. This version of "Footsteps" is also featured on Lost Dogs, however a harmonica intro has been overdubbed on to the recording.

Other songs rejected from the album but later included on Lost Dogs are "Hold On" and "Brother", the latter of which was turned into an instrumental for Lost Dogs. "Brother" was cut because Gossard was no longer interested in playing the song, a decision which Ament objected to and almost caused him to quit the band. Both "Breath" and "State of Love and Trust" were recorded with the intention of the two songs possibly appearing in the film Singles. The versions heard in the film and on its soundtrack were recorded a year later in 1992.

Re-release

On March 24, 2009, Ten will be reissued in four editions. The extras on the four editions will range from a remastering and remix of the entire album by producer Brendan O'Brien, six bonus tracks ("Brother", "Just a Girl", "State of Love and Trust", "Breath and a Scream", "2,000 Mile Blues", and "Evil Little Goat"), re-designed packaging, a DVD of the band's 1992 appearance on MTV Unplugged, an LP of its September 20, 1992 concert at Magnuson Park in Seattle, a replica of the original Mamasan demo cassette, and a replica of Vedder's composition notebook. It will be the first reissue in a planned re-release of Pearl Jam's entire catalogue that will lead up to the band's 20th anniversary in 2011.

Personnel

• Dave Krusen – drums
• Jeff Ament – bass, art direction/concept
• Eddie Vedder – vocals, additional art
• Mike McCready – lead guitar
• Stone Gossard – guitar
• Rick Parashar – production, piano, organ, percussion
• Walter Gray – cello
• Tim Palmer – fire extinguisher, pepper shaker, mixing
• Pearl Jam – production
• Dave Hillis, Don Gilmore, Adrian Moore – additional engineering
• Bob Ludwig – mastering
• Risa Zaitschek, Lisa Sparagano – design
• Lance Mercer – photos
• Steve Pitstick – additional art

Chart positions

Album

Year	Chart	Position
1991	Top Heatseekers	2
1992	US Billboard 200	2
	Canadian Albums Chart	2
	Norwegian Albums Chart	8
	Swedish Albums Chart	9
	Australian Albums Chart	14
	German Albums Chart	15
	UK Albums Chart	18
	Austrian Albums Chart	31
1993	Dutch Albums Chart	14
1996	New Zealand Albums Chart	17
2002	Irish Albums Chart	48

Singles

Year	Single	Chart	Position
1992	"Alive"	Australian Singles Chart	9
		Irish Singles Chart	13
		UK Singles Chart	16
		US Mainstream Rock Tracks	16
		US Modern Rock Tracks	18
		German Singles Chart	44
	"Even Flow"	US Mainstream Rock Tracks	3
		US Modern Rock Tracks	21
		Australian Singles Chart	22
		UK Singles Chart	27
		Canadian Singles Chart	74
	"Jeremy"	US Mainstream Rock Tracks	5
		US Modern Rock Tracks	5
		Irish Singles Chart	10
		UK Singles Chart	15
		Canadian Singles Chart	32
		German Singles Chart	93
1993	"Black"	US Mainstream Rock Tracks	3
		US Modern Rock Tracks	20
	"Oceans"	Dutch Singles Chart	30
1995	"Jeremy"	New Zealand Singles Chart	38
		US Billboard Hot 100	79

Accolades

The information regarding accolades attributed to Ten is adapted in part from AcclaimedMusic.net.

Publication	Country	Accolade	Year	Rank
Guitar World	United States	"100 Greatest Guitar Albums of All Time"	2006	15
National Association of Recording Merchandisers	United States	"Definitive 200"	2007	11
Pause & Play	United States	"The 90s Top 100 Essential Albums"	1999	11
Q	United States	"100 Greatest Albums Ever"	2003	42
Q	United States	"100 Greatest Albums Ever"	2006	59
Rolling Stone	United States	"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time"	2003	207
Spin	United States	"Top 90 Albums of the 90s"	1999	33
Spin	United States	"100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005"	2005	93
VH1	United States	"100 Greatest Albums of Rock & Roll"	2003	83
Kerrang!	United Kingdom	"100 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die"	1998	15
Nieuwe Revu	Netherlands	"Top 100 Albums of All Time"	1994	25
Musik Express/Sounds	Germany	"The 100 Masterpieces"	1993	68
Rolling Stone	Germany	"The 500 Best Albums of All Time"	2004	20
Juice	Australia	"The 100 (+34) Greatest Albums of the 90s"	1999	101
Viceversa	Italy	"100 Rock Albums"	1996	99

References

• Crowe, Cameron. "Five Against the World". Rolling Stone. October 28, 1993.
• Pearlman, Nina. "Black Days". Guitar World. December 2002.

Linki zewnętrzne

• Okładka
• Ten information and lyrics at pearljam.com

Category:1991 albums Category:Albums produced by Rick Parashar Category:Albums with alternate track listings Category:Debut albums Category:Epic Records albums Category:Pearl Jam albums <nowiki>

Kategoria:Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 1991