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Neuropeptid S

Izvor: Wikipedija
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Neuropeptid S
Identifikatori
SimbolNPS
Vanjski IDOMIM: 609513 MGI: 3642232 HomoloGene: 106066 GeneCards: NPS Gene
Ortolozi
VrstaČovekMiš
Entrez594857100043254
EnsemblENSG00000214285ENSMUSG00000073804
UniProtP0C0P6P0C0P8
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001030013XM_001479305
RefSeq (protein)NP_001025184NP_001157083
Lokacija (UCSC)Chr 10:
129.24 - 129.24 Mb		Chr 7:
142.46 - 142.46 Mb
PubMed pretraga[1][2]

Neuropeptid S (NPS) je neuropeptid nađen u mozgu ljudi i sisara. Njega uglavnom proizvode neuroni amigdale, mada NPS-responsivni neuroni pružaju projekcije u mnoge druge oblasti mozga.[1][2][3] NPS se specifično vezuje za NPSR G protein-spregnuti receptor.[4][5] Ispitivanja na životinjama su pokazala da NPS umanjuje anksioznost i apetit, indukuje budnost i hiperaktivnost, što obuhvata hiper-seksualnost, i ima znatnu ulogu u iskorenjivanju uslovljenog straha.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Takođe je bilo pokazano da znatno uvećava dopaminsku aktivnost u mezolimbnom putu.[12]

Sintetički ligandi

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Ne-peptidni antagonist NPS receptora, SHA-68, blokira NPS dejstvo kod životinja i proizvodi anksiogene efekte.[13] Nekoliko peptidnih agonista u antagonista izvedenih iz NPS je takođe poznato.[14][15][16][17][18]

Peptidna sekvenca

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Sekvence neuropeptida S u nekoliko životinjskih vrsta:

vrsta sekvenca molekulska težina
čovek SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS 2187.5
pacov SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ 2210.5
miš SFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ 2182.5
pas, šimpanza SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS 2215.6
kokoška SFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS 2183.5
konsenzus SFRNGVGxGXKKTSFxRAKx N/A

Literatura

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  1. ↑ Xu YL, Gall CM, Jackson VR, Civelli O, Reinscheid RK (January 2007). „Distribution of neuropeptide S receptor mRNA and neurochemical characteristics of neuropeptide S-expressing neurons in the rat brain”. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 500 (1): 84–102. DOI:10.1002/cne.21159. PMID 17099900. 
  2. ↑ Jüngling K, Seidenbecher T, Sosulina L, Lesting J, Sangha S, Clark SD, Okamura N, Duangdao DM, Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Pape HC (July 2008). „Neuropeptide S-mediated control of fear expression and extinction: role of intercalated GABAergic neurons in the amygdala”. Neuron 59 (2): 298–310. DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.002. PMC 2610688. PMID 18667157. 
  3. ↑ Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). Grothe, Benedikt. ur. „Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus”. PLoS ONE 3 (7): e2695. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0002695. PMC 2442874. PMID 18628994. 
  4. ↑ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (December 2005). „Neuropeptide S and its receptor: a newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor system”. The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry 11 (6): 532–8. DOI:10.1177/1073858405276405. PMID 16282594. 
  5. ↑ Reinscheid RK (2008). „Neuropeptide S: anatomy, pharmacology, genetics and physiological functions”. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 46: 145–58. DOI:10.1007/400_2007_051. PMID 18204825. 
  6. ↑ Xu YL, Reinscheid RK, Huitron-Resendiz S, Clark SD, Wang Z, Lin SH, Brucher FA, Zeng J, Ly NK, Henriksen SJ, de Lecea L, Civelli O (August 2004). „Neuropeptide S: a neuropeptide promoting arousal and anxiolytic-like effects”. Neuron 43 (4): 487–97. DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.005. PMID 15312648. 
  7. ↑ Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (November 2005). „Neuropeptide S as a novel arousal promoting peptide transmitter”. The FEBS Journal 272 (22): 5689–93. DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04982.x. PMID 16279934. 
  8. ↑ Okamura N, Reinscheid RK (August 2007). „Neuropeptide S: a novel modulator of stress and arousal”. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 10 (3): 221–6. DOI:10.1080/10253890701248673. PMID 17613937. 
  9. ↑ Leonard SK, Dwyer JM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Platt B, Logue SF, Neal SJ, Malberg JE, Beyer CE, Schechter LE, Rosenzweig-Lipson S, Ring RH (May 2008). „Pharmacology of neuropeptide S in mice: therapeutic relevance to anxiety disorders”. Psychopharmacology 197 (4): 601–11. DOI:10.1007/s00213-008-1080-4. PMID 18311561. 
  10. ↑ Rizzi A, Vergura R, Marzola G, Ruzza C, Guerrini R, Salvadori S, Regoli D, Calo G (May 2008). „Neuropeptide S is a stimulatory anxiolytic agent: a behavioural study in mice”. British Journal of Pharmacology 154 (2): 471–9. DOI:10.1038/bjp.2008.96. PMC 2442439. PMID 18376418. 
  11. ↑ Vitale G, Filaferro M, Ruggieri V, Pennella S, Frigeri C, Rizzi A, Guerrini R, Calò G (December 2008). „Anxiolytic-like effect of neuropeptide S in the rat defensive burying”. Peptides 29 (12): 2286–91. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.014. PMID 18793688. 
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Mochizuki T, Kim J, Sasaki K (February 2010). „Microinjection of neuropeptide S into the rat ventral tegmental area induces hyperactivity and increases extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens shell”. Peptides 31 (5): 926–31. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.006. PMID 20156501. 
  13. ↑ Okamura N, Habay SA, Zeng J, Chamberlin AR, Reinscheid RK (June 2008). „Synthesis and pharmacological in vitro and in vivo profile of 3-oxo-1,1-diphenyl-tetrahydro-oxazolo[3,4-apyrazine-7-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzylamide (SHA 68), a selective antagonist of the neuropeptide S receptor”]. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 325 (3): 893–901. DOI:10.1124/jpet.107.135103. PMC 2583099. PMID 18337476. 
  14. ↑ Roth AL, Marzola E, Rizzi A, Arduin M, Trapella C, Corti C, Vergura R, Martinelli P, Salvadori S, Regoli D, Corsi M, Cavanni P, Caló G, Guerrini R (July 2006). „Structure-activity studies on neuropeptide S: identification of the amino acid residues crucial for receptor activation”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (30): 20809–16. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M601846200. PMID 16720571. 
  15. ↑ Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Fiorini S, Marzola E, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Salvadori S (February 2008). „Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 2”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51 (3): 655–8. DOI:10.1021/jm701204n. PMID 18181564. 
  16. ↑ Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo' G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Fiorini S, Marzola E, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Salvadori S (October 2008). „Structure-activity study at positions 3 and 4 of human neuropeptide S”. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 16 (19): 8841–5. DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.073. PMID 18793857. 
  17. ↑ Guerrini R, Camarda V, Trapella C, Calò G, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Fiorini S, Marzola E, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Salvadori S (January 2009). „Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 5: identification of potent and pure neuropeptide S receptor antagonists”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 52 (2): 524–9. DOI:10.1021/jm8012294. PMC 2653091. PMID 19113861. 
  18. ↑ Camarda V, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Zucchini S, Marzola G, Marzola E, Guerrini R, Salvadori S, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Calò G (February 2009). „In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the neuropeptide s receptor antagonist [D-Cys(tBu)5neuropeptide S”]. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 328 (2): 549–55. DOI:10.1124/jpet.108.143867. PMC 2630366. PMID 18971372. 
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