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{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group=Comanche
|group=Comanches<br/>Nʉmʉnʉʉ
|image=<center>[[File:Flag of the Comanche Nation.svg|250px]]
|image=<center>[[File:Flag of the Comanche Nation.svg|250px]]</center>
⚫
|caption=Flag of the Comanche<ref name=oia>{{cite web|url=http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf |format=PDF |title=''2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory'' |website=Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission |date=November 2011 |accessdate=January 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512000000/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf |archivedate=May 12, 2012 }}</ref>
|caption=Flag of the Comanche Nation
⚫
|popplace=[[United States]] ([[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]], [[New Mexico]])
⚫
|poptime=14,700<ref name=oia>{{cite web |url=http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf |format=PDF |title=2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory |publisher=Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission |date= 2011: 11 |accessdate= Januar 2, 2012}}</ref>
⚫
|rels= [[Native American Church]], [[Christianity]], traditional tribal religion
⚫
|popplace=[[United States]] ([[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]])
⚫
|rels=[[Christianity]], [[Native American Church]], traditional tribal religion
|langs=[[English language|English]], [[Comanche language|Comanche]]
|langs=[[English language|English]], [[Comanche language|Comanche]]
|related=[[Shoshone]] and other [[Numic languages|Numic]] peoples
|related=[[Shoshone]] and other [[Numic languages|Numic]] peoples
}}
}}
[[Image:Comanche in winter.jpg|thumb|A Comanche warrior.]]
[[Image:Comanche in winter.jpg|thumb|A Comanche warrior.]]
'''Comanche peoples''' are [[Native American]]s who lived in an area called the ''[[Comancheria]]''. This is where Eastern [[New Mexico]], Southern [[Colorado]], Southern [[Kansas]], all of [[Oklahoma]] and most of Northern and Southern [[Texas]] are today. There once were as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today the Comanche Nation has 10,000 members, most in Oklahoma (centered at [[Lawton, Oklahoma|Lawton]]), and the rest in [[Texas]], [[California]], and [[New Mexico]]. The Comanche speak a language of their own, the [[Comanche language]] that is related to other Native American ones, called ''[[Uto-Aztecan]] language family''.
'''Comanche peoples''' are [[Native American]]s who lived in an area called the ''[[Comancheria]]''. This is where Eastern [[New Mexico]], Southern [[Colorado]], Southern [[Kansas]], all of [[Oklahoma]] and most of Northern and Southern [[Texas]] are today. There once were as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today the Comanche Nation has 10,000 members, most in Oklahoma (centered at [[Lawton, Oklahoma|Lawton]]) and the rest in [[Texas]], [[California]], and [[New Mexico]]. The Comanche speak a language of their own, the [[Comanche language]] that is related to other Native American ones, called ''[[Uto-Aztecan]] language family''.


The name Comanche was given by the [[Mexico|Mexicans]], and it was the word the Comanche used to call them, ''komantsia'' (enemy, foreigner). But the Comanches' call themselves ''N<s>u</s>m<s>u</s>n<s>uu</s>'', meaning "human being" or "the People". They were very good warriors and fought the white settlers and army for many years until they gave up in 1875.
The name Comanche was given by the [[Mexico|Mexicans]] and it was the word the Comanche used to call them, ''kleptomania'' (enemy, foreigner). But the Comanches' call themselves ''Numinous'', meaning "human being" or "the People". They were very good warriors and fought the white settlers and army for many years until they gave up in 1875.


The woman in the family made the [[teepee]]s. They gathered wild potatoes, fruits, nuts and berries. The woman in the family cooked, cleaned and made their clothing. The clothing was made out either [[bear]], [[deer]], [[bison]], [[buffalo]], [[wolves]] or [[coyote]]s.
The woman in the family made the [[teepee]]s. They gathered wild potatoes, fruits, nuts and berries. The woman in the family cooked, cleaned and made their clothing. The clothing was made out either [[bear]], [[deer]], [[bison]], [[buffalo]], [[wolves]] or [[coyote]]s.
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==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===References===
*[[Ernest Wallace|Wallace, Ernest]], and Hoebel, E. Adamson (1952) ''The Comanche: Lords of the Southern Plains'' University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Okla., [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1175397 OCLC 1175397]
*McLaughlin, John E. (1992) "A Counter-Intuitive Solution in Central Numic Phonology." ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 58.
*Kroeker, Marvin E. ''Comanches and Mennonites on the Oklahoma Plains: A.J. and Magdalena Becker and the Post Oak Mission''. Fresno, CA: Centers for Mennonite Brethren Studies, 1997. ISBN 0-921788-42-8.
*Kavanagh, Thomas W. (1996). ''The Comanches: A History 1706-1875''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-7792-2.
*Swan, Daniel C. ''Peyote Religious Art: Symbols of Faith and Belief''. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1999 ISBN 1-57806-096-6
*McLaughlin, John E. (2000) "Language Boundaries and Phonological Borrowing in the Central Numic Languages" In Casad, Gene and Willett, Thomas (eds.) (2000) ''Uto-Aztecan: Structural, temporal, and geographic perspectives.'' Friends of Uto-Aztecan Universidad de Sonora, División de Humanidades y Bellas Artes, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. ISBN 970-689-030-0.
*Meredith, Howard L. ''A Short History of the Native Americans in the United States''. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company, 2001. ISBN 1-57524-139-0.
*{{cite book|last=Meadows|first=William C|title=Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche Military Societies: Enduring Veterans, 1800 to the Present|year=2003|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-70518-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Rollings|first=William H|title=The Comanche|year=2004|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-0-7910-8349-9|coauthors=Deer, Ada E}}
*[[Pekka Hämäläinen|Hämäläinen, Pekka]] (2008) ''The Comanche Empire'' New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12654-9.


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
*Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (1940) ''The Plains Indians and New Mexico, 1751-1778: A collection of documents illustrative of the history of the eastern frontier of New Mexico.'' University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3626655 OCLC 3626655]
*Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (1940) ''The Plains Indians and New Mexico, 1751-1778: A collection of documents illustrative of the history of the eastern frontier of New Mexico.'' University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3626655 OCLC 3626655]
*[[Gerald W. Wolff|Wolff, Gerald W.]], and Cash, Joseph W. (1976) ''The Comanche People'' Phoenix, Arizona: Indian Tribal Series.
*[[Gerald W. Wolff|Wolff, Gerald W.]], and Cash, Joseph W. (1976) ''The Comanche People'' Phoenix, Arizona: Indian Tribal Series.
*Kenner, Charles (1969) ''A History of New Mexican-Plains Indian Relations.'' Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2141 OCLC 2141]
*Fehrenbach, Theodore Reed (1974) ''The Comanches: The Destruction of a People''. Knopf, New York, ISBN 0-394-48856-3; republished in 2003 under the title ''The Comanches: The History of a People.'' New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 1-4000-3049-8.
*John, Elizabeth A. H. (1975) ''Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of the Indian, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795.'' College Station: Texas A&M Press. ISBN 0-89096-000-3.
*Foster, Morris W. (1991) ''Being Comanche: A Social History of an American Indian Community''. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-1367-8.
*Noyes, Stanley (1993) ''Los Comanches the horse people, 1751-1845.'' Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. ISBN 0-585-27380-4.
*Spady, James O'Neil (2009) [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_colonialism_and_colonial_history/v010/10.2.spady.html "Reconsidering Empire: Current Interpretations of Native American Agency during Colonization."] (review) ''Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History,'' Vol. 10, No. 2.
*{{cite book|last=Gwynne|first=S.C|title=Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History|year=2011|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-1-4165-9106-1}}


==Other websites==
==Other websites==
{{commons|Category:Comanche}}
{{Commons category|Comanche}}
*[http://www.comanchenation.com Comanche Nation]
*[http://www.comanchenation.com Comanche Nation]
*[http://www.comanchelanguage.org The Comanche Language and Cultural Perservation Committee]
*[http://www.comanchelanguage.org The Comanche Language and Cultural Perservation Committee]
*[http://www.comanchelodge.com/ Comanche Lodge] Learn about the Lords of the Southern Plains
*[http://www.rootsweb.com/~itkiowa Kiowa Comanche Apache Indian Territory Project]
*[http://texashistory.unt.edu/search.tkl?type=subject&q=Comanches&q2=KWD Photographs of Comanche Indians] hosted by the [http://texashistory.unt.edu/ Portal to Texas History]


{{Demographics of the United States}}


{{US-stub}}
{{US-stub}}


[[Category:Native American]]
[[Category:Native Americans]]
{{Link GA|fi}}
{{Link GA|sv}}

[[ar:كومانشي (قبيلة)]]
[[az:Komançi]]
[[ca:Comanxe]]
[[cs:Komančové]]
[[de:Comanche (Volk)]]
[[nv:Naałání]]
[[en:Comanche]]
[[es:Comanche (etnia)]]
[[eu:Komantxe]]
[[fr:Comanches]]
[[ko:코만치 족]]
[[hr:Komanči]]
[[it:Comanche]]
[[nl:Comanche (volk)]]
[[ja:コマンチェ]]
[[no:Comanche]]
[[nds:Comanche]]
[[pl:Komancze]]
[[pt:Comanches]]
[[ru:Команчи]]
[[sk:Komanči]]
[[fi:Comanchet]]
[[sv:Comancher]]
[[chy:Šé'šenovotsétaneo'o]]
[[tr:Komançiler]]

Latest revision as of 17:48, 31 August 2022

For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation).
Comanches
Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Flag of the Comanche[1]
Regions with significant populations
United States (Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico)
Languages
English, Comanche
Religion
Native American Church, Christianity, traditional tribal religion
Related ethnic groups
Shoshone and other Numic peoples
A Comanche warrior.

Comanche peoples are Native Americans who lived in an area called the Comancheria. This is where Eastern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma and most of Northern and Southern Texas are today. There once were as many as 20,000 Comanches. Today the Comanche Nation has 10,000 members, most in Oklahoma (centered at Lawton) and the rest in Texas, California, and New Mexico. The Comanche speak a language of their own, the Comanche language that is related to other Native American ones, called Uto-Aztecan language family.

The name Comanche was given by the Mexicans and it was the word the Comanche used to call them, kleptomania (enemy, foreigner). But the Comanches' call themselves Numinous, meaning "human being" or "the People". They were very good warriors and fought the white settlers and army for many years until they gave up in 1875.

The woman in the family made the teepees. They gathered wild potatoes, fruits, nuts and berries. The woman in the family cooked, cleaned and made their clothing. The clothing was made out either bear, deer, bison, buffalo, wolves or coyotes.

Notes

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ "2011 Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory" (PDF). Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.

Further reading

[change | change source]
  • Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (1940) The Plains Indians and New Mexico, 1751-1778: A collection of documents illustrative of the history of the eastern frontier of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, OCLC 3626655
  • Wolff, Gerald W., and Cash, Joseph W. (1976) The Comanche People Phoenix, Arizona: Indian Tribal Series.

Other websites

[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Comanche.


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