Apollo 15

Apollo 15
	Jim Irwin salutes the United States flag on the Moon, August 1, 1971
Mission type	Crewed lunar landing
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	CSM: 1971-063A; LM: 1971-063C;
SATCAT no.	CSM: 5351; LM: 5366;
Mission duration	12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Apollo CSM-112; Apollo LM-10;
Manufacturer	CSM: North American Rockwell; LM: Grumman;
Launch mass	48,599 kilograms (107,142 lb)
Landing mass	5,321 kilograms (11,731 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	David R. Scott; Alfred M. Worden; James B. Irwin;
Callsign	CSM: Endeavour; LM: Falcon;
EVAs	1 in cislunar space and 4 on the lunar surface
EVA duration	39 minutes, 7 seconds; Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes
Start of mission
Launch date	July 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6 UTC
Rocket	Saturn V AS-510
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39A
End of mission
Recovered by	USS Okinawa
Landing date	August 7, 1971, 20:45:53 UTC
Landing site	North Pacific Ocean; 26°7′N 158°8′W / 26.117°N 158.133°W
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Selenocentric
Periselene	101.5 kilometers (54.8 nmi)
Aposelene	120.8 kilometers (65.2 nmi)
Inclination	23 degrees
Epoch	July 30, 1971
Lunar orbiter
Spacecraft component	Command and service module
Orbital insertion	July 29, 1971, 20:05:46 UTC
Orbital departure	August 4, 1971, 21:22:45 UTC
Orbits	74
Lunar lander
Spacecraft component	Lunar module
Landing date	July 30, 1971, 22:16:29 UTC
Return launch	August 2, 1971, 17:11:23 UTC
Landing site	26°07′56″N 3°38′02″E / 26.1322°N 3.6339°E
Sample mass	77 kilograms (170 lb)
Surface EVAs	4 (including standup)
EVA duration	19 hours, 7 minutes, 53 seconds; Standup: 33 minutes, 7 seconds; First: 6 hours, 32 minutes, 42 seconds; Second: 7 hours, 12 minutes, 14 seconds; Third: 4 hours, 49 minutes, 50 seconds;
Lunar rover
Distance covered	27.9 kilometers (17.3 mi)
Docking with LM
Docking date	July 26, 1971, 17:07:49 UTC
Undocking date	July 30, 1971, 18:13:16 UTC
Docking with LM Ascent Stage
Docking date	August 2, 1971, 19:10:25 UTC
Undocking date	August 3, 1971, 01:04:01 UTC
Payload
	Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-1); Lunar Roving Vehicle;
Mass	PFS-1: 78.5 pounds (35.6 kg); LRV: 463 pounds (210 kg);
	; Left to right: Scott, Worden, Irwin Apollo program ← Apollo 14 Apollo 16 →

Apollo 15 was the ninth crewed flight of NASA's Apollo program. It was the fourth mission to land on the surface of the Moon and the first J-Type mission. Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971.^[16]^: 77 Alfred Worden stayed in orbit in the Command Module, Endeavour, while the Lunar Module, Falcon, landed at Hadley Base, with David Scott and James Irwin. The astronauts used the first Lunar Roving Vehicle to travel on the Moon.^[17] This vehicle was specially designed to work in a vacuum, with a wide range of temperatures across rough ground. They travelled a distance of 17.5 mi (28 km) on the Moon.^[18] They spent three days (66 hours, 55 minutes) on the Moon. They were able to collect a lot of rock samples, including a core sample from at least 10 ft (3 m) deep.^[18]

References

↑ Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) [2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Mission Report, p. 3.
↑ "Apollo 15 Command Module". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
↑ "Lunar Module LM-2". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
↑ Mission Report, p. 263.
↑ ^7.00 ^7.01 ^7.02 ^7.03 ^7.04 ^7.05 ^7.06 ^7.07 ^7.08 ^7.09 ^7.10 ^7.11 Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 timeline". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
↑ Mission Report, p. 1.
↑ Orloff & Harland, p. 426.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Mission Report, pp. 10–11.
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July-7 August 1971". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
↑ "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
↑ Mission Report, p. 15.
↑ Mission Report, pp. 15–16.
↑ Mission Report, p. 16.
↑ Furniss, Tim (2001). The History of Space Vehicles. London: Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-370-8.
↑ Lang, Kenneth R. (2011). The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-521-19857-8.
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 "NASA - Apollo 15". nasa.gov. 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2012.

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[Orloff-1] Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) [2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.

[Apollo_15_LM-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 "Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved March 8, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Mission Report, p. 3.

[4] "Apollo 15 Command Module". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.

[5] "Lunar Module LM-2". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. March 21, 2016. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report263-6] Mission Report, p. 263.

[15_timeline-7] 7.00 ^7.01 ^7.02 ^7.03 ^7.04 ^7.05 ^7.06 ^7.07 ^7.08 ^7.09 ^7.10 ^7.11 Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 timeline". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report1-8] Mission Report, p. 1.

[FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426-9] Orloff & Harland, p. 426.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 Mission Report, pp. 10–11.

[15_background-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Orloff, Richard W. (September 27, 2005) [2000]. "Apollo 15 The Ninth Mission: The Fourth Lunar Landing 26 July-7 August 1971". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.

[12] "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report15-13] Mission Report, p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report15–16-14] Mission Report, pp. 15–16.

[FOOTNOTEMission_Report16-15] Mission Report, p. 16.

[furniss-16] Furniss, Tim (2001). The History of Space Vehicles. London: Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-370-8.

[17] Lang, Kenneth R. (2011). The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System (Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-521-19857-8.

[nasa-18] 18.0 ^18.1 "NASA - Apollo 15". nasa.gov. 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2012.

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