Healthcare

18 pages, 1149 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Functional Profile, Depressive Symptomatology, and Quality of Life of Older People in the Central Alentejo Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

by César Fonseca, Bruno Morgado, Elisabete Alves, Ana Ramos, Maria Revés Silva, Lara Pinho, Ana João and Manuel Lopes

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2303; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222303 (registering DOI) - 18 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Europe’s aging population presents challenges such as a shrinking labor force, pressure on health services, and increased demand for long-term care. This study assesses the functional profile, depressive symptoms, and quality of life of older adults in the Central Alentejo region [...] Read more.

Background: Europe’s aging population presents challenges such as a shrinking labor force, pressure on health services, and increased demand for long-term care. This study assesses the functional profile, depressive symptoms, and quality of life of older adults in the Central Alentejo region of Portugal. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 868 older adults in Portuguese long-term care facilities across the Évora district. A structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, elderly nursing core set patient information, a health questionnaire with nine responses, and WHO Quality of Life Assessment (short version) scores. Results: Nearly half of the participants needed assistance with care. Women (OR = 1.46) and those with cognitive impairment (OR = 10.83) had higher impaired functionality, while education (OR = 0.52) and being overweight (OR = 0.52) were inversely related to functional dependence. Quality of life scores ranged from 56.4 (physical) to 66.6 (environmental). Moderate depressive symptoms were found in 17.1% of participants, with 9% having moderately severe to severe symptoms. Higher dependence doubled the likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.18). Discussion and Conclusions: High rates of depression and functional dependence correlate with a low perception of quality of life, highlighting the need for research to promote and protect the health of older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Depression: Recognizing and Addressing Mental Health Challenges)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Environmental Protectors Against Hospital Work Stress (ENPROS) Scale to Brazilian Portuguese

by Silmara Meneguin, Paula Astudillo Díaz, Ximena Osorio-Spuler, José Fausto de Morais, Camila Fernandes Pollo, Cesar de Oliveira and Juliana Pierami de Freitas

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2302; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222302 (registering DOI) - 18 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Occupational stress and workplace violence are highly prevalent risk factors among healthcare professionals and can affect not only the psychosocial well-being of workers but also that of patients and healthcare organizations. Objective: The objective of this study is to translate and cross-culturally [...] Read more.

Background: Occupational stress and workplace violence are highly prevalent risk factors among healthcare professionals and can affect not only the psychosocial well-being of workers but also that of patients and healthcare organizations. Objective: The objective of this study is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the ENvironmental PRotectors against hOspital work Stress scale to facilitate future psychometric validation of the instrument. Methods: A methodological study was conducted at the School of Medicine of São Paulo State University (UNESP) in São Paulo, Brazil. This study involved three steps: translation and backtranslation by independent native language speakers, analysis by an expert panel, and a pre-test phase. Ten specialists adjusted and approved the final version for semantic, idiomatic, and cultural accuracy across nine items. Results: The content validity index was satisfactory (CVI ≥ 0.80). The final version was administered to 36 nursing and medical staff at a public hospital in São Paulo. No items were excluded from the instrument. Satisfactory content and face validity were achieved, and the criteria recommended by the literature were met. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of ENPROS is appropriate and culturally adapted for use in Brazil. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in Military Personnel of the Spanish Army (RSES-JGA)

by José Gabriel Soriano-Sánchez and Sylvia Sastre-Riba

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2301; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222301 (registering DOI) - 18 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Self-esteem is a psychological term that, since its emergence in 1890 with William James, has been widely studied. Furthermore, this construct has been examined in different areas of psychology, including the clinical field, where its relationship with mental health and low levels [...] Read more.

Background: Self-esteem is a psychological term that, since its emergence in 1890 with William James, has been widely studied. Furthermore, this construct has been examined in different areas of psychology, including the clinical field, where its relationship with mental health and low levels of depression has been demonstrated. In the realm of positive psychology, its connection to resilience and life satisfaction has also been established. Evaluating self-esteem in military personnel is essential, as healthy self-esteem can enhance resilience, improve performance, and promote emotional well-being. Objective: To evaluate validity based on internal structure from the perspective of Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT), to obtain evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables, and to estimate the reliability of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Method: To this end, 584 military personnel from the three ranks of the Spanish Army (officers, non-commissioned officers, and professional soldiers and sailors) were evaluated, of which 511 were men (87.70%) and 72 were women (12.30%), with an age range of 18 to 66 years (M = 33.17, SD = 7.38). Results: The results indicate that the unidimensional structure of the RSES shows adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.05), while the difficulty and discrimination parameters exhibited favorable values. Additionally, an acceptable reliability value was found (ɷ = 0.81; α = 0.80). Conclusions: Therefore, it is concluded that the RSES-JGA presents adequate psychometric properties of validity and reliability, making it a useful and relevant instrument for measuring self-esteem in military personnel of the Spanish Army. This will make it possible to measure the level of self-esteem in military personnel, i.e., the set of perceptions, thoughts, evaluations, feelings, and behavioral tendencies directed towards oneself, one’s own way of being, and towards one’s own body and character traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employees’ Well-Being: Effective Measures to Cope with Job Stress and Workplace Bullying)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tonic Cold Pain Temporal Summation and Translesional Cold Pressor Test-Induced Pronociception in Spinal Cord Injury: Association with Spontaneous and Below-Level Neuropathic Pain

by Marta Ríos-León, Elena Demertzis, Ramiro Palazón-García and Julian Taylor

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222300 (registering DOI) - 17 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Although increased nociceptive excitability and deficient endogenous pain modulation are considered key features of pronociception and central sensitization, their contribution to neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics, considering stage and severity of SCI, is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Although increased nociceptive excitability and deficient endogenous pain modulation are considered key features of pronociception and central sensitization, their contribution to neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics, considering stage and severity of SCI, is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize tonic cold perception and endogenous pain modulation in individuals with and without SCI-NP, considering the stage and severity of SCI and, secondarily, NP phenotype. Methods: Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and neuropathic features were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 screening questionnaire (DN4) during the tonic cold pressor test (CPT, 12 °C 60 s) applied to the dominant hand and foot. CPT-induced pronociception was assessed as change in algometer pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) measured at the V2, C6, and L4 dermatomes. Results: A total of 72 individuals were recruited (age-sex-matched noninjured, n = 24; SCI-NP, n = 24; SCI-noNP, n = 24 [AIS A: n = 12, AIS B-D: n = 12; subacute SCI: n = 12, chronic SCI: n = 12]). TSP in response to the foot CPT was higher in subacute compared to chronic incomplete SCI-NP, while TSP to the hand CPT was significantly higher in chronic compared to the subacute complete SCI-NP group. Evoked pain intensity during the hand CPT correlated with duration of below-level SCI-NP. The hand CPT induced widespread pronociception (lower PPT), which correlated with 7-day non-evoked (spontaneous) pain intensity in individuals with incomplete SCI-NP. Individuals with below-level NP, but not at-level NP, showed higher TSP during the foot CPT and greater hand CPT-induced L4 dermatome pronociception. Conclusions: Collectively, measurements of above and below-level temporal summation of pain and translesional-induced pronociception in the SCI-NP group highlight the role of these mechanisms in widespread central sensitization, spontaneous pain intensity, and spinothalamic tract hyperexcitability, especially in individuals diagnosed with below-level NP. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Workload Is Associated with Anxiety and Insomnia Symptoms in an Italian Nationally Representative Sample of Public Health Medical Residents: The PHRASI Cross-Sectional Study

by Alessandro Catalini, Lorenzo Stacchini, Giuseppa Minutolo, Angela Ancona, Marta Caminiti, Claudia Cosma, Veronica Gallinoro, Valentina De Nicolò, Fabrizio Cedrone, Pamela Barbadoro and Vincenza Gianfredi

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222299 (registering DOI) - 17 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Mental health disorders pose a substantial challenge for healthcare workers, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. Public health medical residents (PHRs) played a pivotal role during the pandemic and were significantly affected by the heavy workload. This study aims to uncover potential associations [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Mental health disorders pose a substantial challenge for healthcare workers, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. Public health medical residents (PHRs) played a pivotal role during the pandemic and were significantly affected by the heavy workload. This study aims to uncover potential associations between workload characteristics and symptoms of anxiety and insomnia in Italian PHRs based on data collected in 2022 through the Public Health Residents’ Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI) study. Methods: A total of 379 residents completed the self-administered questionnaire comprising the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: While 36% PHRs reported anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 ≥ 3), 12% reported moderate-to-severe insomnia symptoms (ISI ≥ 15). The multivariate logistic regressions showed that a high work–life interference was associated with the presence of anxiety and insomnia symptoms, while attending two or more simultaneous traineeships was associated with insomnia symptoms. A high workload perceived was positively associated with both the mental health outcomes considered, while the perception of work environment manageability was negatively associated with them. Conclusions: These findings underscore the significant role of the workload in influencing the mental health status of PHRs and emphasize the importance of fostering a supportive work environment that prioritizes mental well-being Full article

11 pages, 1198 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Before and After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cohort Study in a Primary Care Unit of Brazil

by Ana Cláudia Pinheiro Torres, Raissa Nogueira de Brito, Wildo Navegantes de Araújo, Priscilla Pedrette, Daiani Cristina Cilião Alves, Ana Izabel Passarella Teixeira, Carolina Carvalho Gontijo, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves and Walter Massa Ramalho

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2298; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222298 (registering DOI) - 17 Nov 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral surveillance for early detection of COVID-19 is a critical strategy to understand this population’s infection dynamics and prevent transmission. The study examines SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection among HCWs vaccinated against COVID-19 [...] Read more.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral surveillance for early detection of COVID-19 is a critical strategy to understand this population’s infection dynamics and prevent transmission. The study examines SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection among HCWs vaccinated against COVID-19 working at a primary healthcare unit serving a disenfranchised community in Brazil. Methods: The study was conducted in Cidade Estrutural, Federal District, Brazil, between February and October 2021. Participants were interviewed and provided samples. A prospective open cohort study was used to analyze the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection, and the vaccine-induced seroconversion. Nasopharyngeal swab specimen was collected from workers presenting with flu-like symptoms and subjected to RT-qPCR. Peripheral blood samples were also collected every 30 ± 2 days for eight months, starting from the day participants received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and submitted to serological testing (IgM and IgG chemiluminescence). The frequencies of infection and reinfection (RT-qPCR positive results 90 days after the infection) were calculated along with their respective confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Of the 128 workers, 61 (47.65%; CI: 39.19–56.25) reported probable SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination and 50 (39.06%; CI: 31.04–47.71) had SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, confirmed by molecular test. Reinfection was identified in seven workers (7/50, 14%; CI: 6.95–26.18) based on the 90-day interval between results. The serological data from the 128 workers during the cohort indicated that 68 (53.12%; CI: 44.5–61.5) had IgG antibodies and 46 had IgM antibodies (35.93%; CI: 28.14–44.54) against SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection was common in 56% of the community health workers (CHWs), 50% of registered nurses, and licensed vocational nurses (33%). Following the COVID-19 vaccination, the percentage of infections among HCWs decreased from 47.83% to 4.35%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that (i) approximately 40% of the workers were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2021 and (ii) reinfections confirmed by RT-qPCR occurred in 14% of the HCWs after vaccination. The results provide valuable insights into the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in a primary care unit serving a minoritized community. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2004 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of an 8-Week Cognitive–Motor Training Program on Proprioception and Postural Control Under Single and Dual Task in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Ainhoa Nieto-Guisado, Monica Solana-Tramunt, Cristina Cabrejas and Jose Morales

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2297; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222297 (registering DOI) - 17 Nov 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week cognitive-motor training program on postural control and knee proprioception under single and dual task conditions. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: The present study was registered with the ID [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week cognitive-motor training program on postural control and knee proprioception under single and dual task conditions. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Methods: The present study was registered with the ID number NCT04786132. A total of 20 healthy and physically active older adults (73.25 ± 5.98 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned into an experimental and a control group (EG and CG). Postural control was measured with the Romberg test, with open (RBOE) and closed eyes (RBCE) and under unipodal dominant side (RUDL) conditions. Proprioception was assessed by measuring participants’ ability to reposition their dominant knee at 45°. Finally, performance of the cognitive task was measured through a subscale of the Barcelona Test called “categorical evocation in associations”. The EG and the CG completed 8-week training programs with two sessions, 30 min per week, of postural control and proprioception exercises. The EG additionally included music in each session. Results: The analysis using a mixed ANOVA model revealed no significant group × time interaction effects (p < 0.05) for any of the assessments. However, a significant main effect for the time factor was observed, with both the control and experimental groups showing improved outcomes in the post-intervention measurements. Specifically, significant results were found for RBOE (F (4,15) = 11.87, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.76), RBCE (F (4,15) = 11.62, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.75), and proprioception (F (1,18) = 11.53, p < 0.003, η²p = 0.39). Conclusions: The 8-week training program had a positive impact on the post-intervention results for motor control and proprioception, but not on the results of the cognitive task. There were no significant differences between the groups that carried out sessions with or without music. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence in Sexually Active Women in Ecuador

by Ana Lucía Zeas-Puga, Viviana Méndez-Sacta, Bernardo Vega Crespo, Bieke Samijn, François Hervé, Patricia Martínez-Merinero and Daniel Pecos-Martín

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2296; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222296 (registering DOI) - 17 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) significantly affects women’s health worldwide, but its specific prevalence in Ecuador is not well documented. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence among sexually active women in the Cuenca canton and the factors associated with its [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) significantly affects women’s health worldwide, but its specific prevalence in Ecuador is not well documented. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence among sexually active women in the Cuenca canton and the factors associated with its presence. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 involving 460 women aged 30 years or older attending public health centers in Cuenca, Ecuador. The ICIQ-SF questionnaire was used to assess the presence and severity of UI and its impact on quality of life, along with a data collection form. Results: The findings revealed that UI is prevalent in a population that often lacks timely diagnosis, further obscuring the true extent of the issue. The results demonstrated that sociodemographic, gyneco-obstetric, and urological factors significantly influenced the risk of developing this condition. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of UI among women in Cuenca, Ecuador, with a notable impact on quality of life. The aforementioned factors predispose to the development of this condition, highlighting the need for preventive and rehabilitative interventions, as well as appropriate policies to address UI as a public health issue. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge Gap or Prepared Force? Exploring United Arab Emirates Pharmacy Students and Pharmacists’ Monkeypox Readiness

by Razan I. Nassar, Alhareth Ahmad, Iman A. Basheti, Amin M. Omar, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Karem H. Alzoubi, Moyad Shahwan, AlMuzaffar M. Al Moukdad, Mays Alrim Al Moukdad and Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2295; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222295 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: The WHO classified the mpox outbreak as a worldwide health emergency. Increasing the contribution of healthcare providers, such as pharmacists, can enhance preventive efforts. Assessing the knowledge and confidence levels of pharmacists in diagnosing and managing mpox cases can shape the response [...] Read more.

Background: The WHO classified the mpox outbreak as a worldwide health emergency. Increasing the contribution of healthcare providers, such as pharmacists, can enhance preventive efforts. Assessing the knowledge and confidence levels of pharmacists in diagnosing and managing mpox cases can shape the response strategies necessary for the management of such outbreaks. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the knowledge and preparedness of pharmacy students and pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) regarding the mpox virus outbreak. Independent researchers evaluated the survey items to confirm the face and content validity of the developed survey. The final study’s survey was structured into three distinct sections, each addressing a specific area of interest. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: The 388 participants had a median age of 22.00 years (IQR = 5.00). The survey revealed that participants primarily relied on the WHO reports for mpox information (79.8%). The total knowledge scores (TK score) varied, ranging from −6 to 23 (median = 6.00), and symptom knowledge scores (SK score) ranged from −3 to 9 (median = 2.00). Older participants (p-value = 0.008) and females (p-value = 0.014) exhibited significantly higher TK scores. Only about 31.0% of participants expressed confidence in diagnosing mpox cases, and 34.6% expressed confidence in managing mpox cases. Nearly a quarter of the participants (24.5%) thought that getting vaccinated against COVID-19 led to contracting mpox more likely, whereas 45.7% believed that a previous infection with COVID-19 increases the risk of having mpox and its associated symptoms. Many respondents (38.7%) expressed their concern that mpox could emerge as the next major epidemic following COVID-19. Conclusion: Although pharmacists and pharmacy students in the UAE are aware of mpox, their knowledge and confidence levels in diagnosing and managing vary significantly. These findings suggest the need for targeted educational programs to enhance the understanding and preparedness of pharmacists to manage and prevent mpox cases. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Ventilatory Factors Influencing COVID-19 Mortality in the ICU of a Hospital in Colombia

by Claudia Lorena Perlaza, Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera, Sandra Patricia Moreno Reyes, Sandra Marcela Tovar Salazar, Andrés Fernando Cruz Rojas, Juan Daniel España Serna and Yamil Liscano

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2294; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222294 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, and mortality rates were driven by a complex interaction of patient-specific factors, one of the most important being those related to the scheduling of invasive mechanical ventilation. This study examined [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, and mortality rates were driven by a complex interaction of patient-specific factors, one of the most important being those related to the scheduling of invasive mechanical ventilation. This study examined the sociodemographic, clinical, and ventilatory factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of a hospital in Colombia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 116 patients over the age of 18 who were admitted to the ICU with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 2020 and May 2021. Data were collected from the patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24^®. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, followed by adjustment through binary logistic regression. Results: It was found that 65.5% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 64 ± 14 years, and the overall mortality rate was 49%. Factors significantly associated with higher mortality included male sex (OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 1.5–31.7), low oxygen saturation on admission (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.1–55), and PEEP settings at 96 h (OR: 8, 95% CI: 1.4–45). Mortality was not influenced by socioeconomic status or health system affiliation. Conclusions: This study identified male sex, age over 65 years, PEEP greater than 10 cmH₂O at 96 h of mechanical ventilation, and low oxygen saturation as significant factors associated with higher mortality in COVID-19 patients, while no significant associations were found with socioeconomic status or health system affiliation. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on clinical management and ventilatory strategies in reducing mortality, particularly for high-risk groups, rather than relying on socioeconomic factors as predictors of outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Services)

13 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association Between Clinical Nurses’ Work Environment, Job Stress, and Health Locus of Control and Presenteeism in South Korea

by Jin-Young Park and Yong-Sook Eo

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2293; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222293 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the work environment, job stress, and health locus of control and presenteeism among clinical nurses in South Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted on clinical nurses (n = 276) from general [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the work environment, job stress, and health locus of control and presenteeism among clinical nurses in South Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted on clinical nurses (n = 276) from general hospitals in two small cities. Data were collected via a self-administered structured questionnaire from 1 to 14 December 2022. Descriptive and stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted for this study. Results: The work environment (ß = −0.28, p < 0.001) and education (ß = −0.13, p = 0.031) were significant predictors of health problems, explaining 10% of the variance. Job stress (ß = 0.34, p < 0.001), external locus of control (ß = 0.25, p < 0.001), physician control locus (ß = −0.15, p = 0.006), work department (ß = −0.13, p = 0.018), and marital status (ß = −0.13, p = 0.022) significantly predicted job impairment, accounting for 25% of the variance. For perceived productivity, job stress (ß = −0.18, p = 0.003), marital status (ß = 0.18, p = 0.002), and external locus of control (ß = −0.16, p = 0.007) were influential, explaining 8% of the variance. Conclusions: To mitigate presenteeism among clinical nurses, interventions should focus on improving the work environment at the organizational level and addressing job stress and health locus of control at the individual level. By implementing targeted strategies, healthcare institutions can reduce job impairment and enhance productivity among nursing staff. Full article

29 pages, 642 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Genotype on the Response to Diet in Cardiovascular Disease—A Scoping Review

by Génesis K. González-Quijano, Guadalupe León-Reyes, Eliane Lopes Rosado, J. Alfredo Martínez, Daniel A. de Luis, Omar Ramos-Lopez and María Elizabeth Tejero

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2292; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222292 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Nutrigenetics investigates the role of genetic variants that contribute to the inter-individual variation in response to food intake. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are influenced by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. The aim of this [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Nutrigenetics investigates the role of genetic variants that contribute to the inter-individual variation in response to food intake. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are influenced by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. The aim of this scoping review is to analyze the literature on the effect of genotypes on the response to dietary interventions for the treatment of CVD risk factors. Methods: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE to identify published articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Studies published in English between 2014 and 2024 were selected. Data were extracted according to the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) format. Results: Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies differed in design, intervention characteristics, tested genotypes, and ancestry. The most frequently analyzed variants were single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and energy balance, among others. The interventions tested the effects of different dietary patterns, diets modified in macronutrient content and types of fat, natural and processed foods, nutraceuticals, and nutrient supplements. Common APOE variants were the most analyzed genotypes showing significant interactions with different dietary interventions affecting blood lipids. Other genotypes found in pathways involving folic acid, lipid metabolism and transport have shown interactions with diverse dietary components across studies. Conclusions: Gene–diet interactions are observed in multiple dietary interventions. Replication of findings of nutrigenetic studies is required across different populations. The response to dietary treatments modifies CVD-related risk factors and shows variation associated with genotypes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Sources and Types of Sexual Information Used by Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

by Sofia Silva, Joana Romão, Catarina Braz Ferreira, Patrícia Figueiredo, Eduarda Ramião and Ricardo Barroso

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2291; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222291 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sexuality is part of everyone’s life, especially during adolescence, when young people are discovering themselves and experiencing several changes. Adolescents need to be informed about their sexuality, so they seek and receive information about it from a variety of sources and on [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Sexuality is part of everyone’s life, especially during adolescence, when young people are discovering themselves and experiencing several changes. Adolescents need to be informed about their sexuality, so they seek and receive information about it from a variety of sources and on different topics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize studies that explored the sources adolescents use and topics they search for. Methods: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed articles published in Portuguese, Spanish, or English and with respondents aged between 12 and 20 years were included in this study. To fulfill the proposed objectives, three online databases (EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science) were used, including a total of 48 studies. Results: The most common sources of information are family, friends, school, and the Internet, depending mainly on the reliability of the source and the anonymity when using it. The main topics adolescents search for are sexual intercourse, contraception, relationships, and LGBT issues, since these are less addressed topics. Conclusions: These results are useful in a practical way as a basis for the development of sex education programs that correspond to the needs of adolescents, since they allow us to know which information they are looking for and the sources from which they can receive it. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessReview

Plant-Based Diets in Pediatric Subjects: Heart-Healthy Option or Dangerous Choice?

by Maria Elena Capra, Delia Monopoli, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito and Giacomo Biasucci

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222290 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Plant-based diets (PBDs) are dietary patterns characterized by a certain degree of animal-derived food exclusion. PBDs can be divided into different dietary patterns, from vegetarian to vegan, depending on the degree and the extent of animal-derived food avoidance. PBDs are becoming epidemically [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Plant-based diets (PBDs) are dietary patterns characterized by a certain degree of animal-derived food exclusion. PBDs can be divided into different dietary patterns, from vegetarian to vegan, depending on the degree and the extent of animal-derived food avoidance. PBDs are becoming epidemically popular among the general population, including adult subjects as well as children and adolescents, who often follow the dietary pattern chosen by their families. Methods: Our narrative review aims to analyze the most frequently adopted plant-based dietary patterns in children and adolescents and to evaluate their feasibility, advantages, and risks in terms of health promotion and disease prevention in the developmental age. The MEDLINE–PubMed database was searched to collect and select publications from 1980 to 2024. Results: Subjects following these dietary patterns, especially vegan diets, must be under strict nutritional control and receive adequate micronutrients and vitamin supplementation. Conclusions: Nutrition-skilled professionals should be adequately updated and informed about the feasibility and the risks of these different patterns’ adoption at different ages, as they should guide and accompany children and adolescents and their families in their nutritional choices without prejudices, granting adequate macronutrient and micronutrient intake, adequate growth and neurodevelopment. Full article

19 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions and Experiences of Key Informants in Eye Health on the Implementation of Eye Care Health Promotion Interventions in South Africa

by Hlabje Carel Masemola, Olivia Baloyi and Zamadonda Nokuthula Xulu-Kasaba

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222289 (registering DOI) - 16 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Eye care health promotion interventions aim to encourage the adoption of healthy behaviours that impact eye health and vision impairment, as well as increase the use of eye care services. Thus, this study aims to explore and describe the perceptions of eye [...] Read more.

Background: Eye care health promotion interventions aim to encourage the adoption of healthy behaviours that impact eye health and vision impairment, as well as increase the use of eye care services. Thus, this study aims to explore and describe the perceptions of eye care coordinators on the implementation of eye care health promotion interventions in rural Limpopo Province. Methods: This exploratory, descriptive qualitative study employed individual in-depth interviews to collect data from 10 district eye health coordinators. Participants were purposely sampled between June and July 2024. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo version 12. Results: The study revealed seven key themes: human resources in eye health, resource management, policy and governance, eye care services, innovation in eye health, community and patient engagement, and coordination and referral systems. Conclusions: In summary, our study offers important insights into the challenges and opportunities in implementing eye care health promotion interventions. A recommendation is made to address identified challenges such as workforce shortages, inadequate infrastructure, fragmented policies and outdated technologies. Policymakers and eye health professionals can work towards achieving the goals of universal health coverage (UHC) in eye health, ultimately improving eye health outcomes. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 261 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Dynamics in Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Following Breast-Conserving Surgery Versus Mastectomy: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Iryna Makhnevych, Darya Smetanina, Mohamed Fatihy Elgasim Abdelgyoum, Jood Jasem Shaddad Alblooshi, Aysha Khamis Alhosani, Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed Musa, Anna Nimer, Kornelia Zaręba, Tallal Younis, Milos Ljubisavljevic and Yauhen Statsenko

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2288; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222288 (registering DOI) - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Quality of life (QoL) may change in female patients with breast cancer over time due to its dynamic construct. Recent studies have provided statistics on the diverse predictors of QoL in breast cancer patients. Still, the literature findings on the prognostication of [...] Read more.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) may change in female patients with breast cancer over time due to its dynamic construct. Recent studies have provided statistics on the diverse predictors of QoL in breast cancer patients. Still, the literature findings on the prognostication of QoL are scarce. Objectives: With this meta-analysis, we aim to describe the dynamics of overall QoL and its dimensions: mental status, physical functioning, and social interactions. Methods: To reach this aim, we will systematically evaluate the peer-reviewed literature on QoL of women who have undergone either mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. The proposed study will focus on, but not be limited to, the analysis of BIRS, FACT-B, and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires, which are most commonly used in the assessment of the quality of life of cancer patients. Then, we will extract the following outcome measures: The participants’ age, time since surgery, type of tumor removal procedure (mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery), breast reconstruction technique, mean value, and standard deviation in a QoL score. A random-effects model will then compute the pooled QoL and construct the trend lines for scores received from each diagnostic tool. The findings will be adjusted according to the reconstruction techniques and tumor removal surgery. Finally, we will model the QoL dynamics with a set of predictors identified in the extracted studies. Conclusions: The study findings may serve as a tool for stratifying female patients with breast cancer by the risk of significant reduction in QoL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Women's Health Care)

15 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Integrated Review of Transitional Care for Families of Pre-Term Infants

by Jeong Soon Kim and Hae Ran Kim

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2287; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222287 - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the key elements of transitional care for families with pre-term infants in South Korea. We used an integrative review methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafle. During the problem identification step, the review question was constructed via the [...] Read more.

This study was conducted to identify the key elements of transitional care for families with pre-term infants in South Korea. We used an integrative review methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafle. During the problem identification step, the review question was constructed via the population, intervention, outcome, and timeframe (PIOT) format. During the literature search step, integrative reviews of the published literature from nine electronic databases were undertaken and a total of 14 studies were reviewed that met our inclusion criteria. During the data evaluation step, the quality of the literature was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) developed by Hong et al. We identified three domains and 10 key attributes of transitional care for families of pre-term infants. The parenting empowerment domain included growth and development, developmental promotion, nutrition, safe environment, general parenting, and parent–infant interaction. The emotional support domain included counseling, advocacy, and community network. The social support domain included professional collaboration. Efforts should continue to further develop programs and policies to enhance transitional care for families of pre-term infants that reflect South Korean nursing practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unmet Needs for Dental Care Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Christos Ntais, Athina Charalampaki, Michael A. Talias, Nikolaos Kontodimopoulos and John Fanourgiakis

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2286; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222286 - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Unmet dental needs involve cases wherein someone needed dental care and did not receive it. Published data on unmet dental needs are limited. This cross-sectional study investigates unmet dental needs in Greece before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For this study, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Unmet dental needs involve cases wherein someone needed dental care and did not receive it. Published data on unmet dental needs are limited. This cross-sectional study investigates unmet dental needs in Greece before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: For this study, a questionnaire was created and distributed to a non-random sample. It was completed by 277 individuals. The questionnaire was based on the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) tool, which is used to investigate unmet health needs. It was enriched with questions about unmet dental needs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of the 277 participants, 23.1% reported unmet dental needs before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which decreased to 13.4% after the onset of the pandemic. However, a significant proportion of the sample (48.3%) reported no need for dental care after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also worth noting that there were instances of dental visit avoidance, both when symptoms were present and for standard check-up/follow-up purposes, at rates of 17% and 27.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Unmet dental needs occurred at lower rates after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic than those recorded before the pandemic. The main reasons for unmet needs before the pandemic were the cost of dental services and fear of treatment procedures or the visit to the dentist, while after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of time and fear of coronavirus transmission were added. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health Before, During, and After COVID-19)

15 pages, 227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with the Practice of Assessing Drug–Drug Interactions Among Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

by Khalid Alhussain, Abdullah Al Dandan, Haider Al Elaiwi, Hassan Al Wabari, Ali Al Abdulathim and Sulaiman Almohaish

Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2285; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222285 - 15 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when two or more drugs are administered concomitantly, changing the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug’s characteristics. Despite the advances in health technology, DDIs remain a concern to patient safety. This study aimed to (1) assess the knowledge, [...] Read more.

Background: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when two or more drugs are administered concomitantly, changing the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug’s characteristics. Despite the advances in health technology, DDIs remain a concern to patient safety. This study aimed to (1) assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital and community pharmacists toward DDIs in Saudi Arabia and (2) examine factors associated with their practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire targeting hospital and community pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia. The study questionnaire consisted of five sections: demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward DDIs, as well as pharmacy characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of participants as count and percentage. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between practice variables and other independent variables. Results: A total of 131 pharmacists participated in the study. The majority were males (81.7%), aged 26–35 years (64.9%), and worked in community pharmacies (81.7%). Nearly half of the participants reported optimal practice regarding checking drug interactions before dispensing any drug. Factors associated with the practice of checking DDIs were found to be gender, perceived workload, perceived knowledge, and attitude variables. Regarding the practice of asking patients about their prescription and OTC drugs, there were statistically significant differences between hospital and community pharmacists. Conclusions: Our findings on both community and hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia reveal that pharmacists’ attitudes and perceived knowledge might influence the practice of pharmacists toward DDIs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Healthcare Delivery and Patient Quality of Care Through Healthcare Professionals’ Development)

Journal Description

Healthcare

Latest Articles

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

E-Mail Alert

News

Topics

Conferences

Special Issues

Topical Collections

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI