分工

經濟學上講嘅分工（粵拼：fan1 gung1）指一拃經濟個體各自集中生產自己擅長生產嘅貨品或者服務^[1]。

分工英文名叫 division of labor。

概念

考慮以下嘅例子，想像家陣有間工廠，會生產槍同牛油；跟住嗰間廠隔籬開咗另一間都係生產槍同牛油嘅廠，但兩間廠條 PPF 唔同：如果 A 廠要生產多 10 嚿牛油就要放棄生產少 10 支槍，而 B 廠（例如因為啲工人嘅專長同 A 廠嘅唔同）要生產多 10 嚿牛油就需要放棄生產成 50 支槍－喺呢個情況下，B 廠生產牛油嘅機會成本會大過 A 廠嘅好多，所以 B 廠比起 A 廠會更加有誘因集中於生產槍；同時，A 廠相比之下會比較有誘因集中去生產牛油。即係話 A 廠喺生產牛油上有比較優勢，而 B 廠就喺生產槍上有比較優勢。而如果 A 廠同 B 廠開始各自集中生產自己擅長生產嘅貨品，就形成咗一個分工嘅局勢^[2]^[3]。

	A 廠	B 廠
生產多 10 嚿牛油嘅機會成本	10 支槍	50 支槍
全力生產牛油所得	500 嚿牛油	1,000 嚿牛油
全力生產牛油所失	500 支槍	5,000 支槍

雖然呢個例子就噉望落好似係 A 廠比較擅長做生產噉，但係 B 廠依然可能係有絕對優勢嘅。舉個例子說明，如果兩間廠都用嗮全力生產牛油嘅話，（可能）A 廠會生產到 500 嚿牛油，而 B 廠會生產到 1,000 嚿牛油，但係喺全力生產牛油嘅過程當中，A 廠只係放棄咗 500 支槍，而 B 廠就會放棄咗成 5,000 支槍－B 廠集中生產牛油嘅機會成本高 A 廠嘅一大截，所以 B 廠雖然喺生產兩樣貨品上都勁過 A 廠，但佢依然比較有誘因集中生產槍^[2]。

人同人之間有專業知識同技能上嘅差異，所以每個人專長生產嘅嘢都唔同－一個經濟體就有咗分工嘅現象^[2]^[4]。

經濟相關

拉雜相關

引咗

↑ Johnson, Paul M. (2005). "Specialization". A Glossary of Political Economy Terms. Department of Political Science, Auburn University.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Groenewegen, Peter (2008). "Division of labour". In Durlauf, Steven N.; Blume, Lawrence E. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (second ed.). pp. 517–526.
↑ Yang, Xiaokai; Ng, Yew-Kwang (1993). Specialization and Economic Organization: A New Classical Microeconomic Framework. North-Holland.
↑ Rosenberg, Nathan (1993). Exploring the Black Box: Technology, economics and history. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25, 27–32, 37–8.

[1] Johnson, Paul M. (2005). "Specialization". A Glossary of Political Economy Terms. Department of Political Science, Auburn University.

[groenewegen2008-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Groenewegen, Peter (2008). "Division of labour". In Durlauf, Steven N.; Blume, Lawrence E. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (second ed.). pp. 517–526.

[3] Yang, Xiaokai; Ng, Yew-Kwang (1993). Specialization and Economic Organization: A New Classical Microeconomic Framework. North-Holland.

[4] Rosenberg, Nathan (1993). Exploring the Black Box: Technology, economics and history. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25, 27–32, 37–8.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]