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{{About|一种硫酸盐矿物|其他被译为“天青石”的矿物|青金石}}
{{Infobox mineral
{{Infobox mineral
| name = 天青石
| name = 天青石
| category = 硫酸鹽
| category = [[硫酸盐矿物]]
| boxwidth =
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Celestyn2 madagaskar S Spirifer.jpg
| image = Celestine - Sakoany deposit, Katsepy, Mitsinjo, Boeny, Madagascar.jpg
| imagesize = 200
| imagesize = 270px
| caption =
| caption = 洁净的灰蓝色天青石晶体
| formula = SrSO<sub>4</sub>
| formula = SrSO<sub>4</sub>
| IMAsymbol=Clt<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|access-date=2022-02-10|archive-date=2021-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119025036/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A}}</ref>
| molweight = 183.68
| molweight =
| color = 無色，少量淡藍、白、紅、綠、棕、灰色等
| habit =
| strunz = 7.AD.35
| system = [[斜方晶系]]
| system = [[正交晶系]]
| class = 双锥体 (mmm) <br/>[[H-M记号]]：(2/m 2/m 2/m)
| symmetry = ''Pnma''
| unit cell = a = 8.359&nbsp;[[埃格斯特朗|Å]], <br/>b = 5.352&nbsp;Å, <br/>c = 6.866&nbsp;Å; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| color = 白色、粉红色、淡绿色、淡棕色、黑色、淡蓝色、红色、灰色；透射光下无色或浅色
| habit = 板状到锥体状晶体，也有纤维状、层状、土状、块状颗粒
| twinning =
| twinning =
| cleavage = [001]完美，[210]良
| cleavage = {001}完美，{210}良，{010}差
| fracture = 參差狀
| fracture = 参差状
| tenacity = 易脆
| tenacity = 脆
| mohs = 3 - 3.5
| mohs = 3 - 3.5
| luster = 玻璃光澤
| luster = 玻璃光泽，解理珍珠光泽
| polish =
| polish =
| refractive = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.619 - 1.622 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.622 - 1.624 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.630 - 1.632
| refractive =
| opticalprop =
| opticalprop = 双轴 (+)
| 2V = 測量: 50° - 51°
| birefringence =
| dispersion =
| birefringence = δ = 0.011
| dispersion = 中等 r < v
| pleochroism =
| fluorescence=
| pleochroism = 弱
| fluorescence= 短紫外线=黄、白蓝、长紫外线=黄、白蓝
| absorption =
| absorption =
| streak = 白色
| streak = 白色
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| diagnostic =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity = 透明至半透明
| diaphaneity = 透明到半透明
| other =
| other =
| references = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Celestine |title=Mineralienatlas |access-date=2022-04-09 |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127041911/https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Celestine }}</ref><ref name=HBM>{{Cite web |url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/celestine.pdf |title=Handbook of Mineralogy |access-date=2022-04-09 |archive-date=2008-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906185754/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/celestine.pdf }}</ref><ref name=Mindat>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-927.html |title=Mindat.org |access-date=2007-12-19 |archive-date=2007-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211225050/http://www.mindat.org/min-927.html }}</ref><ref name=Webmin>{{Cite web |url=http://webmineral.com/data/Celestine.shtml |title=Webmineral data |access-date=2022-04-09 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111191247/http://webmineral.com/data/Celestine.shtml }}</ref>
}}
}}
'''天青石'''（{{lang-en|Celestine<ref name=IMA>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011|access-date=2022-04-09|archive-date=2021-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220223545/https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm}}</ref>或Celestite<ref>Nickel, Ernie.; Nichols, Monte. [http://www.geo.vu.nl/users/ima-cnmmn/MINERALlist.pdf Mineral Names, Redefinitions&nbsp;&amp; Discreditations Passed by the CNMMN of the IMA] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530134400/http://www.geo.vu.nl/users/ima-cnmmn/MINERALlist.pdf |date=May 30, 2008 }}, Materials Data, 2004, p. 26. Celestine is the approved name for this mineral by the [[International Mineralogical Association]] Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (CNMMN). Although ''celestite'' finds frequent usage in some mineralogical texts, the name has been discredited as a valid mineral name by this organization.</ref>}}）是一种由[[硫酸锶]]组成的矿物。这种矿物因其偶尔出现的精致蓝色而得名。天青石和[[菱锶矿]]是[[锶]]元素的主要来源。


==發現==
'''天青石'''是化学组成为'''[[硫酸鍶|SrSO<math>4</math>]]'''的晶体, 属于[[正交晶系|正交]]（[[斜方晶系|斜方]]）晶系的[[硫酸盐]]矿物。[[中国]][[江苏]][[溧阳]][[爱景山天青石脉状矿床]]是[[亚洲]]最大的[[锶]]矿产地。天青石主要用于制造[[碳酸锶]]以及生产[[电视机]][[显像管]]玻璃等。
天青石以[[晶体]]形式出现，也以紧凑的块状和纤维状形式出现。它主要存在于[[沉积岩]]中，通常与矿物[[石膏]]、[[硬石膏]]和[[岩盐]]有关。
{{礦物小作品}}
这种矿物遍布世界各地，通常数量很少。在[[马达加斯加]]发现了淡蓝色的晶体标本。白色和橙色的变种也出现在英国布里斯托尔的Yate，直到20世纪中叶，它才被提取用于商业目的。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yateheritage.co.uk/history-of-yate/beneath-our-feet.htm|title=Beneath our Feet &#124; History of Yate &#124; Home &#124; Discover Yate's History at Yate Heritage Centre|access-date=2022-04-09|archive-date=2019-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230092204/http://www.yateheritage.co.uk/history-of-yate/beneath-our-feet.htm}}</ref>
<center>
与其他[[放射虫]]的骨骼由[[硅石]]组成不同，[[等辐骨亚纲]][[原生动物]]的骨骼是由天青石组成的。
⚫
<gallery>

File:Celestite MHNT.MIN.1998.252.jpg
在碳酸盐海相沉积物中，埋藏溶解是公认的天青石沉淀机制。<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Baker |first1= Paul A. |last2= Bloomer |first2= Sherman H. |bibcode=1988GeCoA..52..335B |title=The origin of celestite in deep-sea carbonate sediments | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geochimica-et-cosmochimica-acta_1988-02_52_2/page/335 | journal = Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta | volume= 52 | issue =2 |pages=335–339 |year= 1988 | doi = 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90088-9 }}</ref>它有时被用作宝石。<ref>Tables of Gemstone Identification
⚫
File:Celestitemadagascar.jpg
By Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens p.174</ref>
File:Celestyn, Madagaskar S Spirifer.jpg|天青石，馬達加斯加
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
Celestine Poland.jpg|来自波兰，Machow矿的天青石
Celestine SrSO4.jpg|[[耶鲁大学]][[皮博迪自然史博物馆]]展出的天青石矿物
</gallery>
</gallery>
</center>


== 參考 ==
==晶洞==
在一些[[晶洞]]中发现了天青石晶体。世界上已知最大的晶洞，最宽处直径为{{convert|35|ft|m}}的天青石晶洞，位于[[俄亥俄州]][[普特因湾]]的[[伊利湖]][[南巴斯岛]]附近。晶洞已被改造成[[水晶洞 (俄亥俄州)|观景洞]]，曾经构成晶洞底部的晶体被移除。晶洞有宽达{{convert|18|in|cm}}天青石晶体，估计每个重达{{convert|300|lb|kg}}。
⚫
* [http://www.mindat.org/min-927.html 天青石 - Mindat.org]

⚫
* [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Celestine.shtml 天青石 - WebMineral]
天青石晶洞被认为通过替换由[[硫酸钙]]组成的[[石膏]]或[[硬石膏]]组成的[[雪花石膏]]结节而形成。硫酸钙微溶，但硫酸锶大多不溶。与硫酸钙结节接触的含锶溶液将钙溶解掉，留下空洞。锶立即沉淀为天青石，晶体生长到新形成的空腔中。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anenburg |first1=Michael |last2=Bialik |first2=Or |last3=Vapnik |first3=Yevgeny |last4=Chapman |first4=Hazel |last5=Antler |first5=Gilad |last6=Katzir |first6=Yaron |last7=Bickle |first7=Mike |year=2014 |title=The origin of celestine–quartz–calcite geodes associated with a basaltic dyke, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=151 |issue=5 |pages=798–815 |doi=10.1017/S0016756813000800|bibcode=2014GeoM..151..798A |s2cid=129529427 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carlson |first1=Ernest |year=1987 |title=Celestite replacements of evaporites in the Salina Group |journal=Sedimentary Geology |volume=54 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–112 |doi=10.1016/0037-0738(87)90005-4|bibcode=1987SedG...54...93C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kile |first1=Daniel |last2=Dayvault |first2=Richard |last3=Hood |first3=William |last4=Hatch |first4=H. Steven |year=2015 |title=Celestine-Bearing Geodes from Wayne and Emery Counties, Southeastern Utah: Genesis and Mineralogy |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=90|issue=4 |pages=314–337 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2015.1034489|s2cid=130452012 }}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
⚫
Celestitemadagascar.jpg|天青石晶洞剖面
Crystal Cave Ohio.JPG|俄亥俄州的水晶洞内
⚫
</gallery>


==参考资料==
{{Template:Shades_of_Indigo}}
{{Reflist|2}}
⚫
{{Commons category|Celestine}}


==外部連結==
{{Chem-stub}}
⚫
* [http://www.mindat.org/min-927.html 天青石 - Mindat.org]{{Wayback|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-927.html |date=20071211225050 }}
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{{commonscat|Celestine}}
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* [http://www.webmineral.com/data/Celestine.shtml 天青石 - WebMineral]{{Wayback|url=http://www.webmineral.com/data/Celestine.shtml |date=20071001091539 }}


*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Celestine (mineral) |display=Celestine |volume=5 |short=x}}
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[[Category:硫酸鹽礦物]]
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:含锶矿物]]
[[ca:Celestina (mineral)]]
⚫
[[Category:硫酸盐矿物]]
[[de:Coelestin (Mineral)]]
[[Category:正交晶系矿物]]
[[el:Σελεστίνης]]
[[Category:发光矿物]]
[[en:Celestine (mineral)]]
[[eo:Celestino]]
[[Category:蒸发岩]]
[[Category:宝石]]
[[es:Celestina (mineral)]]
[[Category:重晶石族]]
[[eu:Zelestina (minerala)]]
[[fa:سلستین]]
[[fr:Célestine]]
[[gl:Celestina]]
[[he:סלסטיט]]
[[hu:Cölesztin]]
[[it:Celestina]]
[[ja:天青石]]
[[lt:Celestinas]]
[[nl:Celestien]]
[[pl:Celestyn (minerał)]]
[[pt:Celestina]]
[[ro:Celestină]]
[[ru:Целестин (минерал)]]
[[sh:Celestin (mineral)]]
[[sk:Celestín]]
[[uk:Целестин]]
[[vi:Celestin (khoáng vật)]]

2023年8月30日 (三) 17:44的最新版本

  此條目介紹的是一种硫酸盐矿物。关于其他被译为“天青石”的矿物，请见「青金石」。
天青石
洁净的灰蓝色天青石晶体
基本資料
類別硫酸盐矿物
化学式SrSO4
IMA記號Clt[1]
施特龙茨分类7.AD.35
晶体分类双锥体 (mmm)
H-M记号：(2/m 2/m 2/m)
晶体空间群Pnma
晶胞a = 8.359 Å,
b = 5.352 Å,
c = 6.866 Å; Z = 4
性質
顏色白色、粉红色、淡绿色、淡棕色、黑色、淡蓝色、红色、灰色；透射光下无色或浅色
晶体惯态板状到锥体状晶体，也有纤维状、层状、土状、块状颗粒
晶系正交晶系
解理{001}完美，{210}良，{010}差
断口参差状
韌性/脆性脆
莫氏硬度3 - 3.5
光澤玻璃光泽，解理珍珠光泽
條痕白色
透明性透明到半透明
比重3.95 - 3.97
光學性質双轴 (+)
折射率nα = 1.619 - 1.622 nβ = 1.622 - 1.624 nγ = 1.630 - 1.632
双折射δ = 0.011
多色性弱
2V夹角測量: 50° - 51°
色散率中等 r < v
發光性短紫外线=黄、白蓝、长紫外线=黄、白蓝
參考文獻[2][3][4][5]

天青石（英語：Celestine[6]或Celestite[7]）是一种由硫酸锶组成的矿物。这种矿物因其偶尔出现的精致蓝色而得名。天青石和菱锶矿是锶元素的主要来源。

發現

[编辑]

天青石以晶体形式出现，也以紧凑的块状和纤维状形式出现。它主要存在于沉积岩中，通常与矿物石膏、硬石膏和岩盐有关。 这种矿物遍布世界各地，通常数量很少。在马达加斯加发现了淡蓝色的晶体标本。白色和橙色的变种也出现在英国布里斯托尔的Yate，直到20世纪中叶，它才被提取用于商业目的。[8] 与其他放射虫的骨骼由硅石组成不同，等辐骨亚纲原生动物的骨骼是由天青石组成的。

在碳酸盐海相沉积物中，埋藏溶解是公认的天青石沉淀机制。[9]它有时被用作宝石。[10]

晶洞

[编辑]

在一些晶洞中发现了天青石晶体。世界上已知最大的晶洞，最宽处直径为35英尺（11米）的天青石晶洞，位于俄亥俄州普特因湾的伊利湖南巴斯岛附近。晶洞已被改造成观景洞，曾经构成晶洞底部的晶体被移除。晶洞有宽达18英寸（46厘米）天青石晶体，估计每个重达300英磅（140公斤）。

天青石晶洞被认为通过替换由硫酸钙组成的石膏或硬石膏组成的雪花石膏结节而形成。硫酸钙微溶，但硫酸锶大多不溶。与硫酸钙结节接触的含锶溶液将钙溶解掉，留下空洞。锶立即沉淀为天青石，晶体生长到新形成的空腔中。[11][12][13]

  • 天青石晶洞剖面
    天青石晶洞剖面
  • 俄亥俄州的水晶洞内
    俄亥俄州的水晶洞内

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320 [2022-02-10]. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. （原始内容存档于2021-11-19）. 
  2. ^ Mineralienatlas. [2022-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-27）. 
  3. ^ Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). [2022-04-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-09-06）. 
  4. ^ Mindat.org. [2007-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-11）. 
  5. ^ Webmineral data. [2022-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-11）. 
  6. ^ List of Minerals. 21 March 2011 [2022-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-20）. 
  7. ^ Nickel, Ernie.; Nichols, Monte. Mineral Names, Redefinitions & Discreditations Passed by the CNMMN of the IMA 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期May 30, 2008，., Materials Data, 2004, p. 26. Celestine is the approved name for this mineral by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (CNMMN). Although celestite finds frequent usage in some mineralogical texts, the name has been discredited as a valid mineral name by this organization.
  8. ^ Beneath our Feet | History of Yate | Home | Discover Yate's History at Yate Heritage Centre. [2022-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-30）. 
  9. ^ Baker, Paul A.; Bloomer, Sherman H. The origin of celestite in deep-sea carbonate sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1988, 52 (2): 335–339. Bibcode:1988GeCoA..52..335B. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90088-9. 
  10. ^ Tables of Gemstone Identification By Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens p.174
  11. ^ Anenburg, Michael; Bialik, Or; Vapnik, Yevgeny; Chapman, Hazel; Antler, Gilad; Katzir, Yaron; Bickle, Mike. The origin of celestine–quartz–calcite geodes associated with a basaltic dyke, Makhtesh Ramon, Israel. Geological Magazine. 2014, 151 (5): 798–815. Bibcode:2014GeoM..151..798A. S2CID 129529427. doi:10.1017/S0016756813000800. 
  12. ^ Carlson, Ernest. Celestite replacements of evaporites in the Salina Group. Sedimentary Geology. 1987, 54 (1–2): 93–112. Bibcode:1987SedG...54...93C. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(87)90005-4. 
  13. ^ Kile, Daniel; Dayvault, Richard; Hood, William; Hatch, H. Steven. Celestine-Bearing Geodes from Wayne and Emery Counties, Southeastern Utah: Genesis and Mineralogy. Rocks & Minerals. 2015, 90 (4): 314–337. S2CID 130452012. doi:10.1080/00357529.2015.1034489. 
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：天青石

外部連結

[编辑]
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