着色菌目

着色菌目
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	着色菌目 Chromatiales
科
	见正文

着色菌目（學名：Chromatiales）是變形菌門下的一类能够进行光合作用的细菌，也被称为紫硫菌（purple sulfur bacteria）。著色菌目的細菌是厌氧生物，常生活在硫磺泉或静水中。綠色植物和藻類行光合作用時會將水作為還原劑，使水被氧化成氧氣，紫硫菌則是將硫化氫氧化成顆粒狀的硫，再被氧化为硫酸。

着色菌目分两个科：着色菌科和外硫紅螺菌科，其区分在于它们是内部还是外部产生硫颗粒，此外其内部的膜也有区别。盐硫杆状菌科也属于着色菌目，它只有一个属，而且不能进行光合作用。

着色菌目细菌一般生存在湖泊有光的无氧区域或者硫化氢聚集的水域，比如在硫磺泉，在这些地质化学和生物导致的硫化氢环境中着色菌目甚至会大量繁殖，导致水变色。着色菌目必须需要无氧环境来进行光合作用。在有氧环境下它们无法生存。^[1]

最容易产生着色菌目细菌的湖泊是分层湖。这些湖泊的下层有比较重的水（一般盐水），表面水比较轻（淡水）。假如在周围土壤中有足够硫酸盐渗透进入无氧水层的话这里可能形成密集的着色菌目细菌层，一般它们与绿色的光合作用的细菌混在一起。

下属分类

本科包括以下属：

Aquichromatiaceae Yang et al. 2017
着色杆菌科 Chromatiaceae Bavendamm 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)
外硫紅螺旋菌科 Ectothiorhodospiraceae Imhoff 1984
顆粒狀球菌科 Granulosicoccaceae Lee et al. 2008
Halorhodospiraceae Imhoff et al. 2023
盐硫杆状菌科 Halothiobacillaceae Kelly and Wood 2005
Poriferisulfidaceae Chuvochina et al. 2023
Sedimenticolaceae
Slobodkina et al. 2024^[2]
- Endoriftia Robidart et al. 2008
- Sedimenticola Narasingarao and Häggblom 2006
  - Sedimenticola endophacoides Lim et al. 2019
  - Sedimenticola hydrogenitrophicus Slobodkina et al. 2024^[3]
  - Sedimenticola selenatireducens Narasingarao and Häggblom 2006
  - Sedimenticola thiotaurini Flood et al. 2015
- Thiodiazotropha König et al. 2016
- Thiolapillus Nunoura et al. 2015
Thioalkalibacteraceae
Boden 2017
- Guyparkeria Boden 2017
- Thioalkalibacter Banciu et al. 2009
Thioalkalispiraceae
Mori et al. 2011
- Endothiovibrio Bazylinski et al. 2017
- Thioalkalispira Sorokin et al. 2002
- Thiohalophilus Sorokin et al. 2007
Thioprofundaceae Kojima et al. 2017
向文洲菌科 Wenzhouxiangellaceae Wang et al. 2015
Woeseiaceae Du et al. 2016

参考资料

^ Proctor, Lita M. (1997). "Nitrogen-fixing, photosynthetic, anaerobic bacteria associated with pelagic copepods （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）," Aquatic Microbial Ecology Vol. 12, 105-113.
^ Slobodkina G, Merkel A, Ratnikova N, Kuchierskaya A, Slobodkin A. Sedimenticola hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov. a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano, and proposal of Sedimenticolaceae fam. nov. in the order Chromatiales. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126451.
^ Slobodkina G, Merkel A, Ratnikova N, Kuchierskaya A, Slobodkin A. Sedimenticola hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov. a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano, and proposal of Sedimenticolaceae fam. nov. in the order Chromatiales. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126451.

[1] Proctor, Lita M. (1997). "Nitrogen-fixing, photosynthetic, anaerobic bacteria associated with pelagic copepods （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）," Aquatic Microbial Ecology Vol. 12, 105-113.

[2] Slobodkina G, Merkel A, Ratnikova N, Kuchierskaya A, Slobodkin A. Sedimenticola hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov. a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano, and proposal of Sedimenticolaceae fam. nov. in the order Chromatiales. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126451.

[3] Slobodkina G, Merkel A, Ratnikova N, Kuchierskaya A, Slobodkin A. Sedimenticola hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov. a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano, and proposal of Sedimenticolaceae fam. nov. in the order Chromatiales. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126451.

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