UkuCikiza

Ukucikiza kuyinoma ibuphi ubuqhebeqhebe obugxike empokopheleni obudinga izinsiza, buzuze kuzo, noma budale izinguxa zokucikiza. Ukucikiza kuhlanganisa ucwaningo nomgcanso ngezinqubo zomkholezima, nokuthuthukiswa kokubili kwezinsiza ezingaphandle neziphakathi. Ukucikiza kunezici zenzululwazi, zomngcikisho, zomchazazibalo, zobuchwepheshe nezomphakathi. Izigaba zokucikiza ezinkulu zihlanganisa umngcikisho wesicikizi, Inzululwazi yesiCikizi, (cybersecurity), inzululwazi yemininingo, izimiso zokwaziswa, ezobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa kanye nomngcikisho wehlelokusebenza.^[1]

Ibizo elithi "ukucikiza" limqondofana nelithi ukubala nelithi ukuqaqulula. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lalisetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngomsebenzi owenziwa abacikizi abangabantu, manje owenziwa izinguxa zokucikiza.^[2]

Umlando

Umlando wokuCikiza mude ukwedlula umlando wezigcoyi zokucikiza futhi uhlanganisa nomlando wezindlelasu ezihloselwe ukwenziwa ngepeni nephepha (noma umcako nokhethe) ngosizo lwamacansi noma ngaphandle kwawo. UkuCikiza kuhlobene eduze nokumelelwa kwamanani, nakuba izicabango zomchazazibalo eziyimfuneko yokucikiza kungezangaphambi kwezinhlelo zezibalonani. Insiza yasendulo eyaziwayo eyayisetshenziswa ekucikizeni, isihlohlo sokubala, okucatshangwa ukuthi saqanjwa eBhabhiloni cishe maphakathi neminyaka yezi-2700 kuya kwezi-2300 BC.

IsiCikizi

IsiCikizi siyinguxa ekwazi ukuthonya imininingo ngokuvumelana neqoqo leziyalezo ezibizwa izinhleleliso zesicikizi^[3] Lenhleleliso inisimo esigunundekayo esingasetshenziswa isiCikizi ngokuqondile ukuze sigununde iziyalezo. Inhleleliso efanayo emkitizweni wayo ofundwa-umuntu, ivumela umhlelelisi ukuba afunde futhi athuthukise uthungethunge lwezinyathelo ezaziwa ngokuthi umkholezima.^[4] Ngenxa yokuthi iziyalezo zingagunundwa izicikizi ezinhlobonhlobo, iqoqo elilodwa leziyalezo liguqulwa libe iziyalezo zenguxa ngokuvumelana nohlobo lwesidludlungi esimqoka.^[5]^[6]

Uqeqesho lokucikiza

UmNgcikisho wesiCikizi

Main article: UmNgcikisho wesiCikizi

UmNgcikisho wesicikizi wuqeqesho oludidiyela imikhakha embalwa njengomngcikisho wamazuba nenzululwazi yesiCikizi ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izigcoboyi nehlelokusebenza.^[7]

Imithombo

↑ "Computing Careers & Disciplines: A Quick Guide for Prospective Students and Career Advisors (2nd edition, ©2020)". CERIC (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-07-04.
↑ "The History of Computing". mason.gmu.edu. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2019-04-12.
↑ "Definition of computer". PCMAG (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.
↑ Denny, Jory (2020-10-16). "What is an algorithm? How computers know what to do with data". The Conversation (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.
↑ "Machine Language Program - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.
↑ Butterfield, Andrew ButterfieldAndrew; Ngondi, Gerard Ekembe NgondiGerard Ekembe; Kerr, Anne KerrAnne (2016-01-21), Butterfield, Andrew; Ngondi, Gerard Ekembe; Kerr, Anne, eds., "computer" (in en), A Dictionary of Computer Science (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/acref/9780199688975.001.0001/acref-9780199688975-e-936?rskey=j8f2oo&result=1052, ISBN 978-0-19-968897-5, https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199688975.001.0001/acref-9780199688975-e-936, retrieved 2024-02-05
↑ IEEE Computer Society; ACM (12 December 2004). Computer Engineering 2004: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering (PDF). p. iii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-12. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2012-12-17. Computer System engineering has traditionally been viewed as a combination ofboth electronic engineering (EE) and computer science (CS). Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[1] "Computing Careers & Disciplines: A Quick Guide for Prospective Students and Career Advisors (2nd edition, ©2020)". CERIC (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-07-04.

[2] "The History of Computing". mason.gmu.edu. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2019-04-12.

[3] "Definition of computer". PCMAG (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.

[4] Denny, Jory (2020-10-16). "What is an algorithm? How computers know what to do with data". The Conversation (in i-English). Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.

[5] "Machine Language Program - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2024-02-05.

[6] Butterfield, Andrew ButterfieldAndrew; Ngondi, Gerard Ekembe NgondiGerard Ekembe; Kerr, Anne KerrAnne (2016-01-21), Butterfield, Andrew; Ngondi, Gerard Ekembe; Kerr, Anne, eds., "computer" (in en), A Dictionary of Computer Science (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/acref/9780199688975.001.0001/acref-9780199688975-e-936?rskey=j8f2oo&result=1052, ISBN 978-0-19-968897-5, https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199688975.001.0001/acref-9780199688975-e-936, retrieved 2024-02-05

[7] IEEE Computer Society; ACM (12 December 2004). Computer Engineering 2004: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering (PDF). p. iii. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-12. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2012-12-17. Computer System engineering has traditionally been viewed as a combination ofboth electronic engineering (EE) and computer science (CS). Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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