Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler
Heinrich Himmler 1942. godine
Rođenje	(1900-10-07) 7. oktobar 1900. München, Njemačko Carstvo
Smrt	23. maj 1945(1945-05-23) (44 godine) Lüneburg, Nacistička Njemačka

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler je bio njemački nacionalsocijalistički političar za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata. Bio je vođa (Reichsführer) SS trupa i time odgovoran za zločine i holokaust nad evropskim Židovima, kao i za zločine jedinica Waffen-SS-a. Izvršio je samoubistvo uzimanjem kapsule cijankalija 23. maja 1945. godine.

Himmler se pridružio Nacističkoj stranci 1. augusta 1923. dobivši partijski broj 14303. Kao član Röhmove paravojne jedinice, Himmler je bio uključen u Beer Hall Pusch — neuspješan pokušaj Hitlera i Nacističke partije da preuzmu vlast u Minhenu. Ovaj događaj bi pokrenuo Himmlera na politički život. Policija ga je ispitivala o njegovoj ulozi u puču, ali nije optužen zbog nedovoljnih dokaza. Međutim, izgubio je posao, nije mogao da se zaposli kao upravnik farme i morao je da se preseli kod roditelja u Minhen. Frustriran ovim neuspjesima, postao je sve razdražljiviji, agresivniji i tvrdoglaviji, otuđujući se od prijatelja i članova porodice.

Nakon ostavke komandanta SS Erharda Heidena u januaru 1929., Himmler je preuzeo poziciju Reichsführera-SS uz Hitlerovo odobrenje; i dalje je obavljao svoje dužnosti u propagandnom štabu. Jedna od njegovih prvih obaveza bila je da organizuje SS učesnike na Nirnberškom mitingu tog septembra. Tokom naredne godine, Himmler je povećao SS sa snage od oko 290 ljudi na oko 3.000. Do 1930. Himmler je uvjerio Hitlera da vodi SS kao zasebnu organizaciju, iako je službeno još uvijek bila podređena SA.

Početkom 1945. godine, njemački ratni napori bili su na ivici propasti i Himmlerov odnos sa Hitlerom se pogoršao. Himmler je razmatrao samostalno pregovaranje o mirovnom rešenju. Njegov maser, Feliks Kersten, koji se preselio u Švedsku, bio je posrednik u pregovorima sa grofom Folkeom Bernadotom, šefom švedskog Crvenog krsta . Razmijenjena su pisma između dvojice muškaraca, a direktne sastanke je organizirao Walter Schellenberg iz RSHA.

U martu 1945. Himmler je izdao direktivu da se Jevreji odvedu od projekta izgradnje utvrđenja jugoistočnog zida (Südostwall) na granici Austro-Ugarske do Mauthausena. Želio je taoce za potencijalne mirovne pregovore. Hiljade su poginule na marševima.

Himlerov leš nakon njegovog samoubistva trovanjem cijanidom, maj 1945.

Himmler u posjeti koncentracionom logoru Dachau 1936

Himmler pregleda logor za ratne zarobljenike u Rusiji, c. 1941

Reference

Bibliografija

Printana

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Online

• "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?". Yad Vashem. Arhivirano s originala, 19. 5. 2008. Pristupljeno 1. 7. 2012.
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• "The Treatment of Soviet POWs: Starvation, Disease, and Shootings, June 1941– January 1942". ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Pristupljeno 9. 6. 2012.
• Corera, Gordon (23. 5. 2020). "Heinrich Himmler: How a fake stamp led to the Nazi SS leader's capture". BBC News. Pristupljeno 23. 5. 2020.
• Himmler, Heinrich (1936). The SS as an Anti-Bolshevist Fighting Organization [Die Schutzstaffel als antibolschewistische Kampforganisation] (jezik: njemački). Franz Eher Verlag.
• Himmler, Heinrich (6. 10. 1943). "Heinrich Himmler's Speech at Poznan (Posen)". Holocaust History Project. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 5. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 6. 2012.
• Himmler, Heinrich (6. 10. 1943). "The Complete Text of the Poznan Speech". Holocaust History Project. Arhivirano s originala, 12. 2. 2012. Pristupljeno 5. 6. 2012.
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• Von Wiegrefe, Klaus (11. 3. 2008). "Das Dunkle im Menschen" [The Darkness in Man]. Der Spiegel. No. 45. Hamburg: SpiegelNet GmbH. Pristupljeno 21. 6. 2012.

Dalje čitanje

• Frischauer, Willi (2013) [1953]. Himmler: The Evil Genius of the Third Reich. Unmaterial Books. ISBN 978-1-78301-254-1.
• Haiger, Ernst (Summer 2006). "Fiction, Facts, and Forgeries: The 'Revelations' of Peter and Martin Allen about the History of the Second World War". The Journal of Intelligence History. 6 (1): 105–117. doi:10.1080/16161262.2006.10555127. S2CID 161410964.
• Hale, Christopher (2003). Himmler's Crusade: The True Story of the 1938 Nazi expedition into Tibet. London: Transworld. ISBN 978-0-593-04952-5.
• Himmler, Katrin (2005). Die Brüder Himmler. Eine deutsche Familiengeschichte [The Brothers Himmler: A German Family History] (jezik: njemački). S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. ISBN 978-3-10-033629-3.
• Himmler, Katrin (2016). The Private Heinrich Himmler. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-06465-3.
• Höhne, Heinz (1972). The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS. Translated from German by Richard Barry. London; New York: Penguin Classic. ISBN 978-0-14-139012-3.
• Höss, Rudolf (2000) [1951]. Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess. London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 978-1-84212-024-8.
• Morgan, Ted (1990). An Uncertain Hour: The French, the Germans, the Jews, the Klaus Barbie Trial, and the City of Lyon, 1940–1945. London: The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-0-370-31504-1.
• Reitlinger, Gerald (1981) [1956]. The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922–1945. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-839936-8.
• Russell, Stuart (2007). La fortezza di Heinrich Himmler – Il centro ideologico di Weltanschauung delle SS – Cronaca per immagini della scuola-SS Haus Wewelsburg 1934–1945 [The Fortress of Heinrich Himmler: The Center of SS Ideology: A Chronicle With Pictures of the SS Haus Wewelsburg School, 1934–1945]. Rome: Editrice Thule Italia. ISBN 978-88-902781-0-5.

Vanjski linkovi

• List of Himmler speeches Ova lista Himmlerovih govora uključuje internetske izvore i materijal u Američkom nacionalnom arhivu.
• Heinrich Himmler u Holocaust Research Project
• Register of the Heinrich Himmler Papers, 1914–1944 at the Hoover Institution Archives
• Footage of Himmler's corpse and the cyanide capsule he used to kill himself
• Newspaper clippings about Heinrich Himmler u 20th Century Press Archives kao dijela ZBW

Nedovršeni članak Heinrich Himmler koji govori o biografijama treba dopuniti. Dopunite ga prema pravilima Wikipedije.