Wiktionary

井

See also: 丼, 并, 开, 幷, and Appendix:Variations of the number sign
井 U+4E95, 井
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95
← 五
[U+4E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 →
[U+4E96]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

井 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)

Derived characters

edit

Descendants

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 10, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E95

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 井
alternative forms 丼

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 井
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
 
j12550
 
j12551
 
j12552
 
j12553
 
j12554
 
j12555
 
j12556
 
j12557
 
j12558
 
j12559
 
j12560
 
j12561
 
j12562
 
j12563
 
j12564
 
j12565
 
j12566
 
j12567
 
j12568
 
j12569
 
j12570
 
j12571
 
j12572
 
j12573
 
j12574
 
j12575
 
b07748
 
b07749
 
b07750
 
b07751
 
b07752
 
b07753
 
b07754
 
b07755
 
b07757
 
b07758
 
b07759
 
b07760
 
b07761
 
b07762
 
b07763
 
b07764
 
b07765
 
b07766
 
b07767
 
b07768
 
b07769
 
b07770
 
b07771
 
b07772
 
b07773
 
b07774
 
b07775
 
b07776
 
b07777
 
b07778
 
b07779
 
b07780
 
s03663
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L17889
 
L17890
 
L17891
 
L17892
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硎 *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕 *kreːŋ
荊 *keŋ
井 *skeŋʔ
丼 *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌 *sɡeŋʔ
穽 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫 *sɡeːŋʔ
刑 *ɡeːŋ
形 *ɡeːŋ
邢 *ɡeːŋ
鉶 *ɡeːŋ
型 *ɡeːŋ
侀 *ɡeːŋ
 
井 – an old well in a historic area in Shenzhen. Notice the square shape.

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Some forms have a stone inside the well, as in 丼.

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • zeng2 - vernacular;
  • zing2 - literary.
Note:
  • diang2 - vernacular;
  • den2 - literary.
Note:
  • za3/zaⁿ3 - vernacular;
  • zing3 - literary.
Note:
  • chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
  • chéng - literary.
Rime
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子郢切
Baxter tsjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.tseŋʔ/
English well (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
No. 6852
Phonetic
component 		井
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		井
Old
Chinese 		/*skeŋʔ/
Notes 丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

Definitions

edit

井

  1. well (a hole sunk into the ground) (Classifier: 口; 眼)
  2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
  3. hometown
  4. neat; tidy
    井井有條／井井有条  ―  jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo  ―  neat and tidy
  5. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
  6. a surname
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of 水井 (“well (for collecting water)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 井
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 水井, 井
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 水井, 井
Chengde 井
Chifeng 井
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 井
Heihe 井
Qiqihar 井
Harbin 水井, 井
Jiamusi 井
Baicheng 井
Changchun 井
Tonghua 井
Shenyang 井
Jinzhou 井
Singapore 水井, 井
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 井
Tangshan 井
Cangzhou 井
Baoding 井
Shijiazhuang 井
Lijin 井
Jinan 水井, 井
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 井
Dandong 井
Yantai 井
Yantai (Muping) 水井, 井
Qingdao 井
Zhucheng 井
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 井
Lingbao 井
Jining 井
Wanrong 井
Linfen 井
Shangqiu 井
Yuanyang 井
Zhengzhou 井
Xinyang 井
Baihe 井
Xi'an 井
Baoji 井
Tianshui 井
Xining 水井, 井
Xuzhou 水井, 井
Fuyang 井
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 井
Lanzhou 井
Dunhuang 井
Hami 井
Ürümqi 井
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 井
Nanchong 水井, 井
Dazhou 井
Hanyuan 井
Xichang 井
Zigong 井
Chongqing 水井, 井
Wuhan 井
Yichang 井
Xiangyang 井
Tianmen 井
Guiyang 水井, 井
Zunyi 水井, 井
Bijie 水井, 井
Liping 井, 吊井
Zhaotong 井
Dali 井
Kunming 水井, 井
Mengzi 井
Guilin 井
Liuzhou 水井, 井
Jishou 井, 吊井
Changde 井
Hanzhong 井
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 井
Yangzhou 井
Lianyungang 井
Lianshui 井
Nantong 井
Anqing 井
Wuhu 井
Hefei 井
Hong'an 井, 涼水井
Cantonese Guangzhou 井
Hong Kong 井
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 井
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 水井
Macau 井
Guangzhou (Panyu) 井
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 井
Guangzhou (Conghua) 井
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 井
Foshan 井
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 井
Foshan (Shunde) 井
Foshan (Sanshui) 井
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 水井
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 井
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 井
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 井
Zhuhai (Doumen) 井
Jiangmen (Baisha) 井
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 井
Taishan 水井, 井
Kaiping (Chikan) 井
Enping (Niujiang) 井
Heshan (Yayao) 水井
Dongguan 井
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 井
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 水井, 井
Gan Nanchang 井
Lichuan 井
Hakka Meixian 井
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 井
Dongguan (Qingxi) 井
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 井
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 井
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 井
Yudu 井
Hong Kong 井
Senai (Huiyang) 井
Huizhou Jixi 井
Shexian 井
Jin Taiyuan 井, 井兒
Yangyuan 井
Datong 井
Xinzhou 水井, 井
Lüliang (Lishi) 井兒
Changzhi 井
Linhe 井
Jining 井
Hohhot 井
Erenhot 井
Pingshan 井
Zhangjiakou 井, 土井
Handan 井
Linzhou 井
Suide 井, 井子
Northern Min Jian'ou 水井
Eastern Min Fuzhou 水井, 井
Southern Min Xiamen 鼓井, 井, 水井
Quanzhou 鼓井, 水井
Jinjiang 鼓井
Zhangzhou 鼓井, 水井
Taipei 井
New Taipei (Tamsui) 井, 鼓井
New Taipei (Sanxia) 井
New Taipei (Pingxi) 井
Kaohsiung 井
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 井
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 井
Tainan (Anping) 井
Kinmen 井
Penghu (Magong) 井
Penghu (Xiyu) 井
Penang (Hokkien) 井
Singapore (Hokkien) 井
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鼓井
Chaozhou 井
Bangkok (Teochew) 水井
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 水井
Leizhou 井
Haikou 水井
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 井
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 井, 打井
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 井
Suzhou 井
Danyang 井
Hangzhou 水井
Ningbo 水井, 井
Wenzhou 水井, 井
Jinhua 井
Xiang Changsha 水井, 吊井
Shuangfeng 井

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 阱).
Notes:

Japanese

edit
 
A well (井, 丼)

Kanji

edit
井

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. well

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
井
い
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

wi > i.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

井(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. well (water source)
Derived terms
edit

Proper noun

edit

井(い) • (I) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
井
せい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

井(せい) • (sei) 

  1. well, well curb

Proper noun

edit

井(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. Well (Chinese constellation)
    Hypernyms: 二十八宿, 朱雀

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 井 (MC tsjengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ〯 (cyěng) (Yale: cyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

井 (eumhun 우물 정 (umul jeong))

  1. hanja form? of 정 (“well (a hole sunk into the ground)”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

井: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=井&oldid=82460863"