Wiktionary

器

See also: 噐 and 𠾖
器 U+5668, 器
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5668
← 噧
[U+5667] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 噩 →
[U+5669]

器 U+FA38, 器
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA38
← 嘆
[U+FA37] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 塀 →
[U+FA39]

Translingual

edit
Japanese 器
Simplified 器
Traditional 器

Alternative forms

edit
  • In all regions except Japan, the middle component is written 犬, which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In Japanese shinjitai, the middle component is written 大 instead of 犬 (the upper right dot is missing). Due to Han unification, both forms are encoded using the same code point. This character may appear to be different depending on the font used.
  • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA38 for the kyūjitai form of 器 which has 犬 as the middle component.
  • Another character, 𠾖 (U+20F96) exists for the historical form found in the Ming dynasty 《直音篇》 Chinese dictionary which is similar to Japanese shinjitai.

Han character

edit
Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

器 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+13 in Chinese and Korean, 口+12 in Japanese, 16 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口口戈大口 (RRIKR), four-corner 66663, composition ⿱哭吅(GHTKV) or ⿳吅大吅(J))

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 210, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4349
  • Dae Jaweon: page 432, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 690, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5668

Chinese

edit
trad. 器
simp. # 器
2nd round simp. 𫩏
alternative forms
噐
𡄛
𦈯
𠾖
⿳吅一吅
噐
𡄛
𦈯
𠾖
⿳吅一吅
⿳吅大𫩏
⿳𫩏大吅
⿳吅亠吅
⿳吅二吅
⿻㗊十
⿳吅太吅
⿳吅夭吅
𦈯
⿱吅𦈢
 

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 器
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Uncertain. The classical interpretation is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a 犬 (“dog”) guarding four 口 (“vessels”).

It might also be a phonetically borrowed character, originally meaning “to bark” (Compare 狺).

Another theory states the character is derived from 喪 (“mourning”). (Compare 噩, 哭 , 咢). Borrowed not for sound but as an ideogram (指事) referring to a funerary urn.

Pronunciation

edit
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 器
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
Nanning /hi³³/
Hong Kong /hei³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰi²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰi³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰi²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xi³⁵/
/xui³⁵/
Rime
Character 器
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去冀切
Baxter khijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰˠiɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰᵚiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰjiH/
Li
Rong 		/kʰjiH/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 器
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[kʰ]r[ə][t]-s/
English vessel; instrument

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 器
Reading # 1/1
No. 10173
Phonetic
component 		器
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		器
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰrɯds/

Definitions

edit

器

  1. device; tool; utensil; ware
    器具  ―  qìjù  ―  utensil
  2. (medicine, biology) organ
    器官  ―  qìguān  ―  organ
  3. capacity; tolerance
    器量  ―  qìliàng  ―  tolerance
  4. talent; ability
    大器晚成  ―  dàqìwǎnchéng  ―  [idiom] A great talent takes time to mature.
  5. † to think highly of
    器重  ―  qìzhòng  ―  to regard highly

Synonyms

edit
  • (device):
  • (organ): 器官 (qìguān)
  • (to think highly of):

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (器):
  • → Japanese: 器(き) (ki)
  • → Korean: 기(器) (gi)

Others:

  • Korean: 그릇 (geureut, “receptacle; bowl; capacity; tolerance”) (Pan, 2006)

References

edit

Japanese

edit
Shinjitai 器
Kyūjitai
[1]
器
&#xFA38;
or
器+&#xFE00;? 		 
器󠄁
器+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
器󠄃
器+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.
 
Ryakuji for 器.

Kanji

edit
器

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 器)

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うつわ (utsuwa, 器, Jōyō)←うつは (utufa, 器, historical)
  • Nanori: かた (kata)

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
器
き
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spellings
器 (kyūjitai)
噐

From Middle Chinese 器 (khijH, “vessel; instrument”).

Pronunciation

edit
  • When used as a suffix, the resulting term has a downstep either right before, or one mora before, the ki.
  • If the preceding syllable has only one mora (as in ga or tsu), the downstep occurs just after that mora:
瓦器 (“unglazed earthenware”): が​き [gáꜜkì]
空気予熱器 (kūki yonetsuki, “air pre-heater”): くうきよねつ​き [kùúkí yónétsúꜜkì]
  • If the preceding syllable has two morae (as in zen or tei), the downstep occurs between the two morae:
安全器 (anzenki, “safety cut-out”): あんぜ​んき [àńzéꜜǹkì]
円弧測定器 (enko sokuteiki, “cyclometer”): えんこそくて​いき [èńkó sókútéꜜèkì]

Affix

edit

器(き) • (ki) 

  1. device; instrument
  2. container; vessel
Usage notes
edit

Often used interchangeably with 機 (ki) in compounds to indicate “machine”, with the subtlety that 器 implies a smaller device, perhaps hand-held, while 機 implies a larger machine, such as an airplane. Compare 食器 (shokki, “tableware”) and 飛行機 (hikōki, “airplane”), or homophones 機械 (kikai, “machine”, generally larger) and 器械 (kikai, “machine, tool”, generally smaller).

Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Suffix

edit

器(き) • (-ki) 

  1. device; instrument
Usage notes
edit

Can attach to various nouns that can be used as verbs, to indicate a device for carrying out the action. Examples:

  • 計量 (keiryō, “measurement, measuring, gauging”) + 器 (-ki) = 計量器 (keiryōki, “a measuring device, a gauge”)
  • 尿 (nyō, “urine”) + 器 (-ki) = 尿器 (nyōki, “urinal”)
  • 印字 (inji, “print, type”, literally “stamp + character”) + 器 (-ki) = 印字器 (injiki, “a printer”, a smaller device, such as a handheld number and letter puncher)
Derived terms
edit
Derived terms

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
器
うつわ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
器 (kyūjitai)
噐

/ut͡supa/ → /ut͡suɸa/ → /ut͡suwa/

From Old Japanese.[2] Cognate with 空 (utsuo, ancient utsupo, utsubo), signifying a hollowness. Appears to be a compound of 空, 内 (utsu, “hollow”, combining form, standalone form uchi, “inside”) + は (ha). The derivation of this ha element is unclear.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

器(うつわ) • (utsuwa) ←うつは (utufa)?

  1. container, vessel
  2. a tool, a utensil
  3. one's degree of ability: talent, calibre
    会長(かいちょう)の器(うつわ)ではない
    kaichō no utsuwa de wa nai
    not president material
  4. female genitalia: a vagina
Synonyms
edit
Synonyms
Derived terms
edit

References

edit
  1. ^ “器”, in 漢字ぺディア‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “うつわ［うつは］ 【器】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 器 (MC khijH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

器 (eumhun 그릇 기 (geureut gi))

  1. hanja form? of 기 (“device; instrument”)
  2. hanja form? of 기 (“container; vessel”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

器: Hán Nôm readings: khí

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=器&oldid=82417978"