Wiktionary

a

See also: A, ᴀ, and Appendix:Variations of "a"

a U+0061, a
LATIN SMALL LETTER A
← `
[U+0060] 		Basic Latin b →
[U+0062]
Character variations

ᵃ U+1D43, ᵃ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL A
← ᵂ
[U+1D42] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵄ →
[U+1D44]
ａ U+FF41, ａ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER A
← ｀
[U+FF40] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｂ →
[U+FF42]
Some typefaces have a single-story form of a. This has a dedicated Unicode character ⟨ɑ⟩ for IPA use.
Languages (175)
Translingual • English
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Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology 1

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  Modification of capital A.

Pronunciation

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  • Pronunciation of IPA [aː]:(file)

Letter

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a (upper case A)

  1. The first letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
    (superscript) See ª.

Symbol

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a

  1. (IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.
  2. (IPA, superscript ⟨ᵃ⟩) [a]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [a].
  3. (international standards) transliterates Indic अ (or equivalent).

See also

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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Abbreviation of atto-, from Danish atten (“eighteen”).

Symbol

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a

  1. atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.

Etymology 3

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From Latin annum or annus.

Symbol

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a

  1. Year as a unit of time, specifically a Julian year or 365.25 days.

Etymology 4

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Abbreviation of are, from French are.

Symbol

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a

  1. An are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares.

Etymology 5

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Abbreviation of English acceleration.

Symbol

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a

  1. (physics) acceleration

Etymology 6

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from annuity?”)

Symbol

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a

  1. (actuarial notation) Annuity; (specifically) annuity-immediate.
    ax:n̅| ― n-year annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
    ax ― life annuity-immediate to a person currently age x

Other representations of A:

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  • Letter styles
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    Uppercase and lowercase versions of A, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase A in Fraktur
  •  
    Approximate form of Greek uppercase Α (a, “alpha”), the source of both common variants of a A in uncial script

English

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Etymology 1

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The letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).

Pronunciation

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Letter

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a (lowercase, uppercase A, plural as or a's)

  1. The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    • 1917, John Wesley Young, Frank Millett Morgan, Elementary Mathematical Analysis, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 487:
      This expression is zero, for we have replaced the column of a's by the column of b's and hence the determinant has two columns identical.
    • 1926, George Kelly, Craig's Wife, Act I, page 5:
      Passmore. Capital P-a-double s-m-o-r-e.
    • 1974, Ervin A. Dennis, John D. Jenkins, “A Font of Type”, in Comprehensive Graphic Arts, Indianapolis, I.N.: Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 26, column 2:
      Note that with 18-point type, fifteen capital A's, twenty-five lowercase a's, and twelve 1's are obtained with one font. With this information, it is possible to refer to Table 10-1 which gives the number of characters for each letter, punctuation mark, or figure.
    • 2013, Margaret McPhee, Mistress to the Marquis, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Historical, →ISBN, page 249:
      Across every sheet of paper were lines and lines of letters of the alphabet. A row of a's followed by a row of b's and so on, pages of them, like pages from a copy book, crudely formed as if from the hand of a young child.
    • 2014 February 23, Rivka Galchen, “What’s Become of the So-Called Literary Bad Boy?”, in The New York Times‎[2], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-02-19:
      In the seventh grade I admired a charismatic, witty girl who had a particular way of writing her lowercase a's. After some practice, I took to writing my lowercase a's in the same fashion.
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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See also
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Numeral

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a (lower case, upper case A)

  1. The ordinal number first, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

Noun

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a (plural a's or (rare) aes)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
    • 1816, William Young Ottley, An Inquiry Into the Origin and Early History of Engraving […], volume II, London: […] John and Arthur Arch, […] by J. M'Creery, page 621:
      This piece somewhat resembles an a. On the left is a man seated on the ground, with a dog between his legs, and a large bird of prey in his hands, which appears to be biting his head.
    • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Epic”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 2:
      But with some prelude of disparagement, / Read, mouthing out his hollow oes and aes, / Deep-chested music, and to this result.
    • [1906, Leigh H[adley] Irvine, “Abbreviations in General”, in The Magazine Style Code: A Manual For The Guidance Of Authors, Reporters And All Who Write, San Francisco, C.A.: Crown Publishing Company, pages 15–16:
      Letters should be spelled as follows; aes, bees, cees, dees, ees, efs, gees, aitches, ies, jays, kays, els, ems, ens, oes, pees, ques, ars, esses, tees, ues, vees, ws or dubleyuz, exes, wyes, zees.]
    • 1993, Frank Pagden, “Teaching”, in The Gospel According to St. Lynas, Tunbridge Wells: Mitre, →ISBN, unnumbered page:
      St Lynas was chatting with a group of rebellious young college students one day, who decried the moral standards of the past. ¶ So St Lynas drew an 'a' on some paper, and asked them what it was. ¶ 'A' they said.
    • 2023, Amanda Stevens, Secret of Shutter Lake, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Intrigue, →ISBN, page 237:
      Compare Lydia's signature on some of the work orders with the warning notes. The loop through the lowercase a is similar. See what I mean?
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See a/translations § Noun.
See also
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Etymology 2

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *éy?
    Proto-Indo-European *-nós?
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
    Proto-Germanic *ainaz
    Proto-West Germanic *ain
    Old English ān
    Middle English an
    Middle English a
    English a

    From Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). More at one. The "n" was gradually lost before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Cognate with Alemannic German a (“a, an”), East Franconian a (“a, an”).

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    a

    1. An unspecified example of (something); the indefinite article. [from before 1150][1]
      There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
      • 1835, [Washington Irving], chapter XX, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 151:
        He had another formidable difficulty in getting him across the river, where both horses stuck for a time in the mire, and Beatte was nearly unseated from his saddle by the force of the current and the struggles of his captive.
      • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 6, column 1:
        The young man thanked me, and took his leave with some little precipitation, after declining a glass of liquor.
      • 1868 January 4 – June 6, [William] Wilkie Collins, “(please specify the page) [Fourth Narrative. Extracted from the Journal of Ezra Jennings.]”, in The Moonstone. A Romance. […], volume III, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1868, →OCLC, page 185:
        Speaking as a servant, I am deeply indebted to you. Speaking as a man, I consider you to be a person whose head is full of maggots, and I take up my testimony against your experiment as a delusion and a snare.
      • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, “Preface”, in The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:
        With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]
      • 2005, Emily Kingsley (lyricist), Kevin Clash (voice actor), “A Cookie is a Sometime Food”, Sesame Street, season 36, Sesame Workshop:
        Hoots the Owl: Yes a, fruit, is a [sic], any, time, food!
      • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
        Anna, do you have a pen? — Yes. I have a pen in my bag. I have a (stressed) …
        Audio (US):(file)
      • 2023 March 9, Moya Lothian-Mclean, “A nose ring, a bicycle, a Radiohead album: I'm becoming a total cliche – and I quite like it”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎[3], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-11:
        In retrospect, I realise, I had been unconsciously devoting a large amount of energy to negative choice, a concept I'm borrowing and adapting from sociologist Eva Illouz's 2019 treatise, The End of Love (by way of a viral Paris Review essay).
      • 2024 May 21, Sarah Larson, “When the C.I.A. Turned Writers Into Operatives”, in The New Yorker‎[4], New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-21:
        The C.I.A. infiltrated not just magazines, radio, and movies but youth organizations and movements like Abstract Expressionism; all were meant to inspire a reverence for democracy and freedom, a project that, in Walker's telling, often tips into absurdity.
    2. One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc.
      I've seen it happen a hundred times.
      • 1945, Peter Cheyney, Sinister Errand, London: Collins, published 1952, page 8:
        Everybody drinks a lot in wartime, but it seemed to me that I must have drunk enough to float a couple of battleships.
      • 1999, Sara Hylton, Separate Lives, London: Piatkus, →ISBN, page 93:
        You've seen it a dozen times already.
      • 2024 February 27, “The economics of skiing in America”, in The Economist‎[5], London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 8 May 2024:
        By the time he gets onto a chair, the pristine powder snow below the lift has already been chopped up by a hundred tracks, and the line to get back up stretches the length of a football field.
    3. Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little, a bit, etc.
      He's a bit thick, isn't he?
      They asked me a few questions.
      • 1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “My Lord and Lady”, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, page 315:
        But I was going to say, that while I was dawdling about abroad, I saw a good many talented young fellows making all sorts of sacrifices, and enduring real hardships, that they might realize their dreams. Splendid fellows, some of them, working like heroes, poor and friendless, but so full of courage, patience and ambition, that I was ashamed of myself, and longed to give them a right good lift.
      • 1989, Robert T. Michael, Heidi I[rmgard] Hartmann, Brigid O'Farrell, editors, Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 3, column 2:
        The main influence here is job tenure—the men had been at their specific jobs a good while longer than the women.
      • 2024 February 13, René M. van Westen, Henk A. Dijkstra, Michael Kliphuis, “If the Atlantic Ocean Loses Circulation, What Happens Next?”, in Scientific American‎[6], New York, N.Y.: Springer Nature America, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 February 2024:
        Twenty years after the movie's release, we know a lot more about the Atlantic Ocean's circulation. Instruments deployed in the ocean starting in 2004 show that the Atlantic Ocean circulation has observably slowed over the past two decades, possibly to its weakest state in almost a millennium.
      1. Used before a numeral.
        There are a few hundred orders that need to be fulfilled by tomorrow.
        • 1934, Alan Villiers, Whalers of the Midnight Sun: […], New York, N.Y., London: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 154:
          The blues were eating leisurely, swimming about and opening their great mouths, spouting and filling their enormous stomachs with intense satisfaction. They had no idea of danger. There must have been about fifteen of them, peacefully feeding. One of them, its belly gorged probably with a few trillion plankton, seemed to be lying asleep on the surface.
        • 2020 July 31, Brian Friedberg, “The Dark Virality of a Hollywood Blood-Harvesting Conspiracy”, in Wired‎[7], San Francisco, C.A.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-15:
          The impact of hidden virality can't be stopped by retroactively banning a few thousand Twitter accounts; it is an iterative, memetic phenomenon that outpaces terms of service.
        • 2023, Don Winslow, City of Dreams, London: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 332:
          That was on the first day's walk. It took him until day three, after a good ten miles, to ask her out.
    4. Used in some adverbial phrases denoting the degree or extent of an action, such as a little, a bit, a lot, etc.
      The door was opened a little.
      • 1978, Deane H. Shapiro, Jr., Precision Nirvana, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc., →ISBN, page 104:
        If, for example, you ask a child what he likes to do, he may say he doesn't know. However, if you watch him during free time, and note that he plays basketball a lot, you may infer that this is a high-probability behavior, and he finds it reinforcing.
      • 2009, James H. S. McGregor, Paris From the Ground Up, Cambridge, M.A., London: Belknap Press, →ISBN, page 163:
        The bridge was shifted a bit to the east and rebuilt, this time with the shops of money-changers along both sides.
      • 2023 January 13, Dana G. Smith, “Even a Little Alcohol Can Harm Your Health, Research Shows”, in The New York Times‎[8], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-10:
        You don't need to go cold turkey to help your health. Even reducing a little bit can be beneficial, especially if you currently drink over the recommended limits.
    5. The same; one and the same. Used in phrases such as of a kind, birds of a feather, etc.
      We are of a mind on matters of morals.
      They're two of a kind.
    6. Any; every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope.[2]
      A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
    7. Any; used with a negative to indicate not a single one.[3]
      It was so dark that we couldn't see a thing.
      He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
      • 2001, Stephen Lawhead, The Mystic Rose Book (Celtic Crusades; III), London,  […]: BCA, page 180:
        No, it is impossible. My conscience would give me not a moment's peace if I let you go. I would never forgive myself.
      • 2014, Sherry D. Ficklin, Queen of Someday: A Stolen Empire Novel, [Colony, T.X.]: Clean Teen Publishing, →ISBN, page 116:
        When had my own feelings become so muddled and complicated? Before I take a single step, he catches my arm, turning me to him.
      • 2016, Daphna Rabinovitch, “Fudge Truffle Tart”, in The Baker in Me, Vancouver, B.C.: Whitecap Books, →ISBN, page 204:
        My friend Cindy's husband, Michael Zahavi, a true chocoholic if there ever was one, adores this tart. In fact, when I visited their cottage up in Muskoka, Ontario one summer and brought this along as a treat, he got up in the middle of the night to nosh away at it, leaving us sleepyheads with nary a crumb the next day.
    8. Used before an adjective that modifies a noun (singular or plural) delimited by a numeral.
      The lottery jackpot is worth a staggering three hundred million dollars.
      The holidays are a mere one week away.
    9. One; someone named; used before a person's name, suggesting that the speaker knows little about the person other than the name.[4]
      We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
    10. Used before an adjective modifying a person's name, typically used to emphasize that person's current condition or emotional state.
      • 1963, Robert Hancock, Ruth Ellis: The Last Woman To Be Hanged, London: Orion, published 1993, →ISBN, page 35:
        At Waterloo she asked George for £5 and said that she would go home by tube, and a relieved George watched her descend the Underground steps.
      • 2016, David J. Bailey, The Storm, London: Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd., →ISBN, page 147:
        "There, I think that's done it," declared a triumphant John, "we just need to try it with the bar now, where is it?"
      • 2018, “Rwandan court drops all charges against opposition figure”, in Associated Press:
        "I will continue my campaign to fight for the rights of all Rwandans," a surprised but happy Rwigara told reporters after celebrating.
    11. Someone or something like; similar to; used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.[3]
      The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
      The man is a regular Romeo.
      • 1987, Frederic V. Grunfeld, Rodin: A Biography, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 88:
        [Jules] Pécher actually sculpted a sort of Statue of Liberty for the centerpiece of the monument, but for the rest he thought it advisable to call in Van Rasbourgh, and Rodin thus became a ghost sculptor to a ghost sculptor.
      • 2009, Ed Macy, Hellfire, London: Harper Press, →ISBN, page 134:
        Billy fancied himself as a bit of a Han Solo, but he shook his head. 'Stop being a wuss.' He grinned. 'Your go.'
      • 2020, Laura Erickson, The Love Lives of Birds: Courting and Mating Rituals, North Adams, M.A.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 81:
        For the first 5 or 6 days after the eggs hatch, the mother spends most of her time keeping the chicks warm while the father provides most of their meals. All that work may be what prompts the female to leave the family. They share feeding duties more equally during the next week or 10 days, until the young leave the nest. Producing a second batch is easier if she skips the last grueling week or two of provisioning fledglings. She can recharge her batteries by moseying off and, while on vacation, looking for a new Casanova.
    Usage notes
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    Main appendix: English articles#Indefinite articles
    • In standard English, the article a is used before consonant sounds, while an is used before vowel sounds; for more, see the usage notes about an.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    See an/translations § Article.
    See also
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    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    a

    1. To do with separation; In, into. [from before 1150][1]
      torn a pieces
    2. To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.[from before 1150][1]
      I brush my teeth twice a day.
    3. To do with status; In. [from before 1150][1]
    4. (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto. [from before 1150][1]
      stand a tiptoe
    5. (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing. [from before 1150][1]
    6. (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in. [16th c.][1]
    7. (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into. [16th c.][1]
    8. (obsolete) To do with method; In, with. [from before 1150][1]
    9. (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In. [from before 1150][1]
      a God’s name
    Usage notes
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    • (position, direction): Can also be attached without a hyphen, as aback, ahorse, afoot. See a-
    • (separation): Can also be attached without hyphen, as asunder. See a-
    • (status): Can also be attached without hyphen, as afloat, awake. See a-.
    • (process): Can also be attached with or without hyphen, as a-changing
    See also
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    Etymology 4

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    From Middle English a, ha contraction of have, or haven.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    a

    2. (dialectal or slang) Have (auxiliary verb).
      I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
    3. (dialectal or slang, rare) had (auxiliary verb).
    Usage notes
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    • Now often attached to a preceding auxiliary verb. See -a.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 5

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    From Middle English a, a reduced form of he (“he”)/ha (“he”), heo (“she”)/ha (“she”), ha (“it”), and hie, hie (“they”).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    a

    1. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative.[4]
      • 1855, Kingsley, W. Ho!, page 120 (edition of 1889):
        He've a got a great venture on hand, but what a [it] be he tell'th no man.
      • 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 2:
        Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a [they] says what's nawways true.
      1. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, the third-person singular nominative.
        • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
          a’ brushes his hat o’ mornings.
        • 1795, Peter Pindar, The Royal Visit to Exeter, a Political Epistle: by John Ploughshare ... published by Peter Pindar, Esq, page 5:
          Well! in a come [in he came]—KING GEORGE to town, / With doust and zweat az netmeg brown, / The hosses all in smoke;
        • 1860, Kite, Sng. Sol., ii, 16:
          A do veed amang th' lilies.
        • 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 7, version of 1917, Raymond Macdonald Alden, Alfred Tennyson, how to Know Him, page 226:
          "The amoighty's a taakin' o' you to 'issén, my friend," a said, […]
      2. (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) She, the third-person singular nominative.
        • 1790, Grose, MS. add. (M.):
          A wanted me to go with her.
        • 1876, Bound, Prov.:
          Did a do it!
        • 1883, Hardy, Tover, page 124 (edition of 1895):
          A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky on her legs].

    Etymology 6

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-West Germanic *ab
      Old English æf
      Old English of
      Middle English of
      English a

      From Middle English of, with apocope of the final f and vowel reduction.

      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Preposition

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      a

      2. (archaic or slang) Of.
        The name of John a Gaunt.
      Usage notes
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      • Often attached without a hyphen to preceding word.

      Etymology 7

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      From Northern Middle English aw, alteration of all.

      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Adverb

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      a (not comparable)

      1. (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

      Adjective

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      a (not comparable)

      1. (chiefly Scotland) All. [from ca. 1350—1470]

      Etymology 8

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      Alternative forms

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      Particle

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      a

      2. Pronunciation spelling of to.
        • 1923 January, “The Sunshine of Childhood (Contributed)”, in Benedict Brown, editor, The Grail, volume 4, number 9, St. Meinrad, Ind.: The Abbey Press, page 284, column 2:
          James was going with his mother to attend the ceremonies at which his oldest sister in the convent would make perpetual vows. Being asked where he was going, he answered, “I’m goin’ a see my sister make percapital vowels.”
        • 2007, BK Loren, “Got Tape?”, in Barry Lopez, editor, The Future of Nature: Writing on a Human Ecology from Orion Magazine, Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN, page 43:
          The man walks toward me. “I met that asshole. He’s tryin’ a sell us a bag a bullshit.”
        • 2012 October 23, Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood: A Novel, Large Print edition, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 66:
          Don’tcha try deny it, / ’Cause Hose knows you dyin’ a try it— […] Knows you out tryin’ a buy it, / But Hose only gives it free
      edit

      Etymology 9

      edit

      Contraction of gonna, itself a reduction of going to; see Etymology 8 above (“to”).

      Contraction

      edit

      a

      1. (African-American Vernacular) Used to express a future action; going to.
        I'm a go see what's going on out there.
        • 2010, Todd Bridges, Killing Willis: From Diff'rent Strokes to the Mean Streets to the Life I Always Wanted, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone Books, →ISBN, page 146:
          "Sure, Billy, I'm a run downstairs to the machine and get me a pack of bigarettes," he said, taking off with his Melody.
        • 2012, Bertrand E. Brown, Sylvia's Dilemma: A Novel, →ISBN, page 95:
          Ain't nothin' in the house to eat and now that we has Mr. Alex staying with us a few days I'm a need to buy some groceries so yous two can have the house to yo'self 'til I get back.
        • 2018, Monica Jeremie, Married to a Dade County Bully 2, Urban Chapters Publications, →ISBN, page 85:
          I'm a head out there now and take a look.
        • 2021, Ioan Grillo, Blood Gun Money: How America Arms Gangs and Cartels, New York, N.Y. […]: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 141:
          "The Glock 26 and the motherfucking, uh, the Hi-Point. I'm a try to get the both of them," another said.

      Usage notes

      edit
      • Mainly used in the phrase I'm a, which is usually spelled Imma.
      edit

      Etymology 10

      edit

      Contraction of and.[5]

      Conjunction

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      a

      1. (obsolete, dialectal, rare) Contraction of and.
        • 1655, William Barton, Man's Monitor, or, the Free-school of Virtue; Holding Forth the Duties Required and Sins Forbidden in the Two Tables of the Law., London: W.D. for T. Underhill, unnumbered page; republished in Early English Books Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:
          By cock a pie and Mous-foot Dent bring's in, / Examples to express forbidden Sin:
        • 1746, “Exmoor Scolding: Or, a Devonſhire Dialogue:”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XVI, London: Edw. Cave, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 353, column 2:
          Thee lace ma? Chem a laced well-a-fine aready.—Zey wone word more, and chell breſh tha, chell make thy boddize pilmee.
        • 1823, Edward Moor, Suffolk Words and Phrases: Or, An Attempt to Collect the Lingual Localisms of that County, London: J. Loder, page 2:
          4. as if. "I'll gi ye a dunt i' the hid 'a ye dew so no more." This is equivalent to the "an if" of some of our old writers.
      Usage notes
      edit
      • The Oxford English Dictionary notes: "The form is not common in any period, and some of the earlier examples could instead show a transmission error for an in its abbreviated form (i.e. ā, with mark of suspension)."[5]

      Etymology 11

      edit

      Symbol

      edit

      a

      1. Distance from leading edge to aerodynamic center.
      2. specific absorption coefficient
      3. (chemistry) specific rotation
      4. (genetics) allele (recessive)

      Etymology 12

      edit

      Adverb

      edit

      a

      1. (crosswords) across
        Do you have the answer for 23a?
      2. (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of a.m. (“ante meridiem”) or am

      Etymology 13

      edit

      Particle

      edit

      a

      1. Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)
        • 2001, Louis F. Newcomb, Car Salesman: A Legacy, iUniverse (→ISBN), page 91:
          “I show a you right a here I can fuck a you.” “Is she crazy?” I asked Wyman.

      Etymology 14

      edit

      Borrowed from Russian а (a).

      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.

      Translations

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      See a/translations § Cyrillic.

      Etymology 15

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. ah; er (sound of hesitation)
        • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
          "We will resume yesterday's discourse, young ladies," said he, "and you shall each read a page by turns; so that Miss a—Miss Short may have an opportunity of hearing you"; and the poor girls began to spell a long dismal sermon delivered at Bethesda Chapel, Liverpool, on behalf of the mission for the Chickasaw Indians.

      Etymology 16

      edit

      Abbreviations.

      1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨a⟩.
      2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /eɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɛə˞] counts as /eɪr/.)
        Thus the word a, plus its inflection an.
      3. (stenoscript) the word a.m.
      4. (stenoscript) the prefix ad-.

      Quotations

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      Additional quotations for any terms on this page may be found at Citations:a.

      References

      edit
      1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Brown, Lesley, (2003)
      2. ^ Gove, Philip Babcock, (1976)
      3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
      4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Oxford University Press, (2023)
      5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 “a, conj.”, in OED Online  ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

      Further reading

      edit

      Abau

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      IPA(key): /a/

      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. house

      Afar

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Determiner

      edit

      á

      1. this, these (masculine)

      Derived terms

      edit

      See also

      edit

      See Template:aa-demonstrative determiners.

      References

      edit
      • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
      • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[11], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

      Albanian

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Alternative forms

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Conjunction

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      a

      1. or
      2. there

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Particle

      edit

      a

      1. probably, perhaps
      2. whether

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Standard Albanian Latin-script alphabet.

      See also

      edit

      References

      edit
      1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “a part. ('whether'), conj. ('or')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
      2. ^ Mann, S. E. (1948) “a”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 1

      Further reading

      edit
      • “a”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[12] (in Albanian), 1980
      • “a”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

      Ama

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      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      a

      1. tree

      Anguthimri

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      Verb

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      a

      1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull

      References

      edit
      • Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184

      Aragonese

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin illa.

      Article

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      a f sg

      1. the
        a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language

      Asturian

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin ad.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

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      a

      1. to, towards

      Derived terms

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a f

      1. a (the name of the letter A, a)

      Azerbaijani

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Bambara

      edit

      Article

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      a

      1. the (definite article).

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. ah (expression of surprise)
      2. eh (expression of reluctance)

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. they, them (plural)
      2. he, she, they (singular)

      Synonyms

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      • (they): u

      Basque

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a (indeclinable)

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.

      See also

      edit

      Bavarian

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      Cognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an).

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Article

      edit

      a

      1. a
      See also
      edit
      Bavarian articles
      m n f pl
      stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
      definite nominative der, da — das, es, des 's de d' de d'
      accusative en, den 'n
      dative em, dem 'm em, dem 'm der, da —
      genitive1 des des der, da der, da
      indefinite nominative a — a — a —
      accusative an 'n
      dative am 'm am 'm a, ana 'na
      1) higher, formal register
      • oa (“one”, determiner)

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Unstressed form of ea

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. he
      See also
      edit
      Bavarian personal pronouns
      nominative accusative dative
      stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
      1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
      2nd person singular
      (informal)       		du — di — dia (dir) da
      2nd person singular
      (formal)       		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
      3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
      n es, des 's des 's
      f se, de 's se 's ihr —
      1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
      2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
      3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

      Etymology 3

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      Cognate with German auch.

      Adverb

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      a

      1. Alternative form of aa: also, too, as well

      Belizean Creole

      edit

      Preposition

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      a

      1. of

      References

      edit
      • Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19.

      Big Nambas

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

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      a

      1. in

      References

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      Breton

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a (triggers soft mutation)

      1. from (expresses origin)
        tud a Vrest ― people from Brest
      2. of (indicates an amount)
        un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat
      3. of (expresses a quality)
        ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour
      4. after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity
        ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider
      5. after ordinal numbers with a plural noun
        tri a vugale ― three children
      6. used in negative sentences with the grammatical object
        nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco
      7. before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ
        paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]
      8. after substantivized adjectives used as nouns
        ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl
      9. combined with a personal pronoun
        gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you
        an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about
      Inflection
      edit
        Personal forms of a  
      singular plural
      1 ac'hanon 1 ac'hanomp
      2 ac'hanout 2 ac'hanoc'h
      3 m anezhañ 3 anezho
      3 f anezhi
      imp. ac'hanor

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Pronunciation

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      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers soft mutation)

      1. preverbal particle used when
        1. the subject precedes the verb
          ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue
        2. the object precedes the verb
          an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man

      Pronoun

      edit

      a (triggers soft mutation)

      1. (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)
        an hini a garan ― the one whom I love

      Cameroon Pidgin

      edit

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. Alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”)

      Catalan

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      Derived terms
      edit
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

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      From Latin ad.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

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      a

      1. in, at; indicating a particular time or place
        Sóc a Barcelona.
        I am in Barcelona.
      2. to; indicating movement towards a particular place
        Vaig a Barcelona.
        I'm going to Barcelona.
      3. to; indicating a target or indirect object
        Escric una carta a la meva àvia.
        I'm writing my grandmother a letter.
      4. per
      5. by
        dia a dia.
        day by day.
      Usage notes
      edit
      • When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al.

      The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’.

      Derived terms
      edit

      Chayuco Mixtec

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Conjunction

      edit

      a

      1. or

      References

      edit
      • Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974) Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)‎[13] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110

      Chibcha

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. open mouth
      2. smell, taste

      References

      edit
      • Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

      Choctaw

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      Conjunction

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      a

      1. yes

      Chuukese

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. he
      2. she
      3. it

      Adjective

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      a

      1. he is
      2. she is
      3. it is
      edit
      Present and past tense Negative tense Future Negative future Distant future Negative determinate
      Singular First person ua use upwe usap upwap ute
      Second person ka, ke kose, kese kopwe, kepwe kosap, kesap kopwap, kepwap kote, kete
      Third person a ese epwe esap epwap ete
      Plural First person aua (exclusive)
      sia (inclusive)      		 ause (exclusive)
      sise (inclusive)      		 aupwe (exclusive)
      sipwe (inclusive)      		 ausap (exclusive)
      sisap (inclusive)      		 aupwap (exclusive)
      sipwap (inclusive)      		 aute (exclusive)
      site (inclusive)
      Second person oua ouse oupwe ousap oupwap oute
      Third person ra, re rese repwe resap repwap rete


      Cimbrian

      edit

      Alternative forms

      edit
      • an (Sette Comuni)

      Etymology

      edit

      From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain.

      Article

      edit

      a (oblique masculine an)

      1. (Luserna) a, an
        Maria iz a lavròunaren. ― Maria is a Lavaronese.

      References

      edit

      Coatepec Nahuatl

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      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. water

      Cora

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      Particle

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      a

      1. outside
      2. out of view (from the speaker)
      3. entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner
        atyásuuna káasu hece
        The water is pouring into the (shallow) pan.

      Antonyms

      edit
      • u (“inside; within view”)

      References

      edit
      • Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985) “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics

      Cornish

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Onomatopoeic

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. ah

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Compare Welsh a

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers soft mutation)

      1. Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb

      Etymology 3

      edit

      From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a (triggers soft mutation)

      1. of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality)
      2. of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity)
      3. from (indicating provenance)

      Inflection

      edit
        Standard Cornish
      Singular Plural
      First person ahanaf ahanan
      Second person ahanas ahanowgh
      Third person anodho (m)
      anedhy (f)      		 anodhans, anedha

      Corsican

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      Etymology

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      From the earlier la.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Article

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      a f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)

      1. the (feminine)

      Usage notes

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      • Before a vowel, a turns into l'

      Pronoun

      edit

      a f

      1. her, it (direct object)

      Usage notes

      edit
      • Before a vowel, a turns into l'

      See also

      edit
      Corsican personal pronouns
      Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
      Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
      2nd person tù ti tè
      3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
      3rd person f ella a, l' ella
      Plural 1st person noi ci noi
      2nd person voi vi voi
      3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
      3rd person f elle e, l' elle

      References

      edit
      • “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

      Czech

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

      Pronunciation

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      Conjunction

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      a

      1. and

      Further reading

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      • “a”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
      • “a”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

      Dakota

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      IPA(key): /a/

      Letter

      edit

      a (uppercase A)

      1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

      See also

      edit

      Dalmatian

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin ad.

      Preposition

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      a

      1. to
      2. at

      Danish

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      a n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er)

      1. The name of the letter A or a.
      Inflection
      edit
      Declension of a

      gender       		Singular Plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative a a'et a'er a'erne
      genitive a's a'ets a'ers a'ernes

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Alternative forms

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      • à (unofficial but common)

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. of, of...each, each containing
      2. at
      3. to, or

      Etymology 4

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Verb

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      a

      1. imperative of ae

      Dutch

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

      Alternative forms

      edit
      • aa (especially in names)
      • ie

      Noun

      edit

      a f (plural a's, diminutive aatje)

      2. (archaic) a stream or water
      edit

      Further reading

      edit

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Pronoun

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      a

      1. (Brabant, dialectal) Alternative form of u (“you”, objective or reflexive pronoun)

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. (Brabant, dialectal) Alternative form of uw (“your”)
      Usage notes
      edit

      The masculine singular form of the possessive pronoun is awe.

      Egyptian

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      Romanization

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      a

      1. Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥ.

      Emilian

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin ego (“I”).

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Pronoun

      edit

      a (personal, nominative case)

      1. I
      2. we
      3. you (plural)

      Alternative forms

      edit
      • Becomes aj- before a vowel (proclitic).
      • Becomes -ja when acting as an enclitic.
      edit
      Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
      Number Person Gender Disjunctive
      (tonic)       		Nominative
      (subject)       		Accusative
      (direct complement)       		Dative
      (indirect complement)       		Reflexive
      (-self)       		Comitative
      (with)
      Singular First — mè a me mêg
      Second — tè et te têg
      Third Masculine ló al ge se sêg
      Feminine lê la
      Plural First Masculine nuēter a se nōsk
      Feminine nuētri
      Second Masculine vuēter a ve vōsk
      Feminine vuētri
      Third Masculine lôr i ge se sêg
      Feminine el li

      Esperanto

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn)

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

      See also

      edit

      Estonian

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      Etymology 1

      edit
       a on Estonian Wikipedia

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script.
      See also
      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd)

      1. The letter a (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet)
      2. (music) A (note)
        Synonym: la
      Declension
      edit

      (the first letter of the Estonian alphabet):

      Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
      singular plural
      nominative - -d
      accusative nom.
      gen. -
      genitive -de
      partitive -d -id
      -sid
      illative -sse -desse
      -isse
      inessive -s -des
      -is
      elative -st -dest
      -ist
      allative -le -dele
      -ile
      adessive -l -del
      -il
      ablative -lt -delt
      -ilt
      translative -ks -deks
      -iks
      terminative -ni -deni
      essive -na -dena
      abessive -ta -deta
      comitative -ga -dega

      (music):

      Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation)
      singular plural
      nominative ' 'd
      accusative nom.
      gen. '
      genitive 'de
      partitive 'd 'id
      'sid
      illative 'sse 'desse
      'isse
      inessive 's 'des
      'is
      elative 'st 'dest
      'ist
      allative 'le 'dele
      'ile
      adessive 'l 'del
      'il
      ablative 'lt 'delt
      'ilt
      translative 'ks 'deks
      'iks
      terminative 'ni 'deni
      essive 'na 'dena
      abessive 'ta 'deta
      comitative 'ga 'dega

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Clipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a).

      Conjunction

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      a

      1. (colloquial, in fast speech) but

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. Abbreviation of aasta.
      2. Abbreviation of aar.

      References

      edit
      • a in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
      • “a”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

      Fala

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”).

      Article

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      a f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

      1. Feminine singular definite article; the
        • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
          A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
          The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her
      See also
      edit
      Fala personal pronouns
      nominative dative accusative disjunctive
      first person singular ei me, -mi mi
      plural common nos musL
      nusLV
      nos, -nusM       		nos
      masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
      feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
      second person singular tú te, -ti ti
      plural common vos vusLV
      vos, -vusM       		vos
      masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
      feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
      third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
      feminine ela a ela
      plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
      feminine elas as elas
      reflexive — se, -si sí

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”).

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. to
        • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
          A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
          The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]

      References

      edit
      • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[14], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

      Faroese

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin a.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Finnish

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself.

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      German musical notation.

      Noun

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      a

      1. (music) A (note)
      Usage notes
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      Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

      Declension
      edit
      Inflection of a (Kotus type 18/maa)
      singular plural
      nominative a a:t
      genitive a:n a:iden
      a:itten
      partitive a:ta a:ita
      accusative a
      a:n       		a:t
      inessive a:ssa a:issa
      elative a:sta a:ista
      illative a:han a:ihin
      adessive a:lla a:illa
      ablative a:lta a:ilta
      allative a:lle a:ille
      essive a:na a:ina
      translative a:ksi a:iksi
      abessive a:tta a:itta
      instructive – a:in
      comitative – a:ineen
      Derived terms
      edit
      compounds

      Franco-Provençal

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      Etymology

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      Inherited from Latin ad.

      Pronoun

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      a (ORB)

      1. to
      2. at
      3. of (possessive)

      Derived terms

      edit

      References

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      • Stich, Dominique (2003) “a”, in Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée, Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré: “a (sert parfois à la possession)”.

      French

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Noun

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      a m or f (plural as)

      1. a, the name of the Latin-script letter A

      Derived terms

      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Quebec eye-dialect spelling of elle.

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      a f

      1. (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”)
        C’te fille-là, a’a l’air cute.
        That girl, she looks cute.

      Etymology 3

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      From Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet.

      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      a

      1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir
        Elle a un chat.
        She has a cat.

      See also

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      Further reading

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      Fula

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      Usage notes
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      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Pronoun

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      a

      1. you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form)
      Usage notes
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      • Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
      • Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead.
      See also
      edit
      • aɗa (second person singular subject pronoun; long form), hiɗa (variant used in the Pular dialect of Futa Jalon)
      • aan (emphatic form) (Maasina)
      • an (emphatic form) (Pular)
      • maaɗa (second person singular possessive pronoun (Adamawa))
      • -maa (second person singular dependent pronoun (Adamawa))

      Galician

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Latin ad (“to, toward”).

      Pronunciation

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      IPA(key): /a̝/

      • Hyphenation: a

      Preposition

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      a

      1. to, toward; indicating direction of motion
      2. introducing an indirect object
      3. used to indicate the time of an action
      4. (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range
        de cinco a oito ― from five to eight
      5. by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action
        a pé ― on foot
      6. for; indicates price or cost
      Usage notes
      edit

      The preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á.

      Derived terms
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      at/to + the table
      - Singular Plural
      Masculine ao (ó) aos (ós)
      Feminine á ás

      Etymology 2

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      From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).

      Pronunciation

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      IPA(key): /a̝/

      Article

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      a f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os)

      1. (definite) the
      Usage notes
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      The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na.

      Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[1]

      Derived terms
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      Etymology 3

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      Pronunciation

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      IPA(key): /ˈa/

      Noun

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      a m (plural as)

      1. a (name of the letter A, a)

      Etymology 4

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronoun

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      a

      1. accusative of ela
      Usage notes
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      Due to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel:

      • Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a
      • Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a
      • El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a
      • Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a
      • Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a
      See also
      edit
      Galician articles
      Singular Plural
      Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
      Definite articles
      (the)       		o a os as
      Indefinite articles
      (a, an; some)       		un unha uns unhas

      References

      edit
      1. ^ Vaz Leão, Ângela (2000) “Questões de linguagem nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X”, in Scripta‎[1], volume 4, number 7, →DOI, retrieved 16 November 2017, pages 11-24

      German

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      Etymology 1

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Noun

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      a n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as)

      1. Alternative form of A

      Etymology 2

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      Noun

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      a

      1. Abbreviation of a-Moll.
      2. Abbreviation of Ar.

      Gilbertese

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

      Pronunciation

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      Numeral

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      a

      1. four

      Gothic

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      Romanization

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      a

      1. Romanization of 𐌰

      Grass Koiari

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      Pronoun

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      a

      1. you (singular)

      References

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      • 2010, Terry Crowley & Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 142.

      Gun

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      Etymology

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      Cognates include Fon à.

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

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      à

      1. you (second-person singular subject pronoun)

      See also

      edit
      Gungbe personal pronouns
      Number Person Emphatic Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Determiner
      Singular First nyɛ́, yẹ́n ùn, n mi cé, ṣié
      Second jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀ à wè tòwè
      Third éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀ é è étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
      Plural First mílɛ́, mílẹ́ mí mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
      Second mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́ mì mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
      Third yélɛ́, yélẹ́ yé yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

      Haitian Creole

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      Pronunciation

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      IPA(key): /a/

      Article

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      a

      1. the, definite article

      Usage notes

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      This term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns.

      See also

      edit

      Hawaiian

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      Pronunciation

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      Conjunction

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      a

      1. and (used between sentences)
      2. until, up to

      Preposition

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      a

      1. of, belonging to

      Usage notes

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      • Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

      Hokkien

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      For pronunciation and definitions of a – see 阿.
      (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 阿).

      Hungarian

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      Etymology 1

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      See az.

      Pronunciation

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      Article

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      a (definite)

      1. the
        a hölgy ― the lady
      2. (before some time phrases) this
        a héten ― (during) this week
        a télen ― (in) this winter
      Usage notes
      edit

      Used before words starting with a consonant.

      edit
      • az (for words starting with a vowel sound)

      Pronoun

      edit

      a (demonstrative)

      1. (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that
        A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house.

      Determiner

      edit

      a (demonstrative)

      1. (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) Alternative form of az (“that”).
        Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék.[1] ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about.
        November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month.
        Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect…
        amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”)

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (letter or phoneme itself): IPA(key): [ˈɒː][2]
      • (identifier or musical note): IPA(key): [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A)

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      2. The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
      3. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
      Derived terms
      edit

      See also

      edit

      References

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      1. ^ a heti at e-nyelv.hu
      2. ^ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280

      Further reading

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      Icelandic

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      Pronunciation

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      Letter

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      a (upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Noun

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      a ?

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter A.

      See also

      edit

      Ido

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      Pronunciation

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      • (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /a/

      Letter

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      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a (plural a-i)

      1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

      See also

      edit

      Preposition

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      a

      1. Apocopic form of ad
      edit
      • e (“and”)
      • o (“or”)

      Igbo

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      Letter

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      a (upper case A, lower case a)

      1. The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Etymology 1

      edit

      Alternative forms

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      • e (neutral tongue position)

      Pronunciation

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      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).
        A gwara ya ka ọ bịa.
        He/she was told to come.
      Usage notes
      edit
      • Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.
      See also
      edit
      Igbo personal pronouns
      dependent independent object/possesive
      Singular first m, a/e- ... -m m, mụ
      second ị, i ngị, gị gị
      third ọ, o ya
      Plural first anyị
      second ụnụ
      third ha, a/e- ... -ha ha
      Indefinite a/e - -

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Determiner

      edit

      a

      1. this.
      edit

      Indo-Portuguese

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      Etymology

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      From Portuguese a.

      Pronunciation

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      • (Sri Lankan Creole) IPA(key): /a/, /ə/

      Preposition

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      a

      1. to
        • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3 (overall work in German):
          […] , que da-cá su quião que ta pertencê a êll.
          […] , to give him his share which belongs to him.

      Indonesian

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
      2. The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.

      See also

      edit

      Further reading

      edit

      Ingrian

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from Russian а (a).

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Conjunction

      edit

      a

      1. and, but
        • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 17:
          A siä Jaakko, kuhu määt?
          And you Jaakko, where are you going?
        • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
          keskipäivääl hää [päivyt] on kaikkiin ylemmääl, a siis alkaa laskiissa.
          on midday it [the Sun] is highest, and then it starts to descend.

      References

      edit
      • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1
      • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

      Interlingua

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. to, at
      2. to, for (indicating purpose)
        sala a attender ― waiting room

      Derived terms

      edit

      Inupiaq

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. listen, hark
      2. oops (used to acknowledge an error)
      3. oh (used to express surprise)

      Irish

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.

      Determiner

      edit

      a (triggers lenition)

      1. his, its
        a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother
        Chaill an t-éan a chleití.
        The bird lost its feathers.

      Determiner

      edit

      a (triggers h-prothesis)

      1. her, its
        a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother
        Bhris an mheaig a heiteog.
        The magpie broke its wing.

      Determiner

      edit

      a (triggers eclipsis)

      1. their
        a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother
        a dtithe ― their houses
        a n-ainmneacha ― their names
      2. (Connacht) our
      3. (Connacht) your (plural)
      See also
      edit
      Irish personal pronouns
      Number Person (and gender) Conjunctive
      (emphatic)       		Disjunctive
      (emphatic)       		Possessive
      determiner
      Singular First mé
      (mise)       		mo L
      m' before vowel sounds
      Second tú
      (tusa)1       		thú
      (thusa)       		do L
      d' before vowel sounds
      Third masculine sé
      (seisean)       		é
      (eisean)       		a L
      Third feminine sí
      (sise)       		í
      (ise)       		a H
      Third neuter — ea —
      Plural First muid, sinn
      (muidne, muide), (sinne)       		ár E
      Second sibh
      (sibhse)1       		bhur E
      Third siad
      (siadsan)       		iad
      (iadsan)       		a E

      L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis

      1 Also used as the vocative

      The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

      Determiner

      edit

      a (triggers lenition)

      1. how (used with an abstract noun)
        A ghéire a labhair sí!
        How sharply she spoke!
        A fheabhas atá sé!
        How good it is!

      Etymology 2

      edit

      A reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses.

      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms)

      1. introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb
        an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed
        an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows
        an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown
        nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young
        an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk

      References

      edit
      • Gerald O’Nolan (1920) Studies in Modern Irish‎[15], volume 1, pages 89, 93–94

      Etymology 3

      edit

      From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

      1. introduces an indirect relative clause
        an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book
        an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away
      edit
      • ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

      Pronoun

      edit

      a (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)

      1. all that, whatever
        Sin a bhfuil ann.
        That's all that is there.
        An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?
        Did you get all that you wanted?
        Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.
        I will pay for whatever you buy.
      edit
      • ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

      References

      edit
      • Nicholas Williams (1994) “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).”
      • Gerald O’Nolan (1934) The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56

      Etymology 4

      edit

      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers lenition)

      1. introduces a vocative
        A Dhia!
        O God!
        A dhuine uasail!
        Sir!
        Tar isteach, a Sheáin.
        Come in, Seán.
        A amadáin!
        You fool!

      Etymology 5

      edit

      Particle

      edit

      a (triggers h-prothesis)

      1. introduces a numeral
        a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three...
        Séamas a Dó ― James the Second
        bus a seacht ― bus seven

      Etymology 6

      edit

      Originally a reduced form of do.

      Preposition

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      a (plus dative, triggers lenition)

      1. to (used with verbal nouns)
        síol a chur ― to sow seed
        uisce a ól ― to drink water
        an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing
        D’éirigh sé a chaint.
        He rose to speak.
        Téigh a chodladh.
        Go to sleep.

      Mutation

      edit
      Irish mutation
      Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
      a n-a ha not applicable
      Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

      Further reading

      edit

      Istriot

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin ad.

      Preposition

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      a

      1. at
        • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
          A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
          At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

      Particle

      edit

      a

      1. emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs
        • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
          A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
          At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,

      Italian

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      Pronunciation

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

      Letter

      edit

      a f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

      Noun

      edit

      a f (invariable)

      1. The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab.

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. Indicates the indirect object. to
        Porta questo cesto alla nonna.
        Bring this basket to grandma.
        Ai gatti piacciono i pesci.
        Cats like fish.
        (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
        E lo chiedi a me?
        You're asking that to me?
      2. Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to
        Andiamo a casa?
        Can we go home?
        (literally, “Can we go to home?”)
        Ora sto a Palermo, a Roma ci torno domani.
        I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
      3. Denotes the manner. with
        appena, a nuoto, a piedi, a caso ― almost, swimming, by foot, randomly
      5. Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”.
        a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      6. Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you...
        A domani! ― See you tomorrow!
        A dopo! ― See you later!
        Al prossimo Natale! ― See you next Christmas!
      7. Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with
        pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs
        cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant
        shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo
        patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps
      8. (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
        Chiama a Paolo.
        Call Paolo.
        E non ci avevi visto a noi?
        And you didn't see us?
        the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
        Ascolti a me, signó!
        Listen to me, ma'am!
      9. (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something.
        Al ladro! ― Thief!
        Al fuoco! ― Fire!
        Al lupo! ― Wolf!
        All'attacco! ― Attack!
        All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates)
      10. (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds.
        che stai a di'? ― what are you saying?
        stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping
      11. Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by
        a due a due ― two by two; in pairs
        a poco a poco ― little by little
      12. Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangable with da.
        L'ho sentito dire a Livia.
        I heard Livia say it.
        (literally, “I heard it said by Livia.”)
        • c. 1909, Luigi Pirandello, chapter 2.3, in I vecchi e i giovani:
          Mi duole, creda, sinceramente, veder fare a un uomo come lei, per cui ho tanta stima, una figura... non bella, via! non bella.
          (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      Usage notes
      edit
      • When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad is used instead.
      • When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
      a + article Combined form
      a + il al
      a + lo allo
      a + l' all'
      a + i ai
      a + gli agli
      a + la alla
      a + le alle
      Descendants
      edit
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Verb

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      a

      1. Misspelling of ha.

      References

      edit


      Further reading

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      Jamaican Creole

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      Etymology

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      Compare French c’est. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. Indicates location: at, in, on.
        • a mi yaad
          at my home
      2. of
        • Yunaitid Stiet a Amoerka
          United States of America
      3. to
        • Dem go a maakit. Mi a-go a skuul.
          They go to the market. I'm going to school.

      Verb

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      a

      1. to be
        • Jumieka a wahn ailan konchri.
          Jamaica is an island country.
        • Wi a api.
          We are happy.
        • Mi a di tiicha.
          I am the teacher.
      2. As a copulative verb:
        1. (with there, or it) to exist.
          • A tuu apruoch tu Ort sayans.
            There are two approaches to Earth science.
      3. As an auxiliary verb:
        1. Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect.

      Particle

      edit

      a

      1. Habitual present tense marker.
        • wan plies we dem a plie haki mach
          a place where they play hockey matches
      2. Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form.
        • 1968, Beryl Loftman Bailey, Jamaican Creole Language Course: (for English Speaking Students):
          Jan sidong de a laaf.
          Sta Kiet op de-a baal
          John sat there laughing
          Sister Kate is up there crying

      See also

      edit

      Further reading

      edit

      Japanese

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      Romanization

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      a

      1. The hiragana syllable あ (a) or the katakana syllable ア (a) in Hepburn romanization.

      Jersey Dutch

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      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʊ/, /ɑ/

      Letter

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      a

      1. A letter of the Jersey Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Kabuverdianu

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      Letter

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      a (uppercase A)

      1. The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      Kabyle

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      Alternative forms

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      Determiner

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      a

      1. this
        a rgaz a
        this man

      Kalasha

      edit

      Etymology

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      From Sanskrit अहम् (ahám).

      Pronoun

      edit

      a (Arabic آ)

      1. I (1st-person personal pronoun)

      See also

      edit
      Kalasha personal pronouns
      singular plural
      1st person a / آ ábi / آبی
      2nd person tu / تُو ábi / آبی
      3rd person (near) ía / اِیا émi / ایمی
      3rd person (far) ása / آسا éḷi / ایࣇی
      3rd person (absent) se / سے te / تے

      Kankanaey

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      Borrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a.

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (letter) IPA(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔei̯]
      • (phoneme) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
        • Rhymes: -a
        • Syllabification: a

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.
      See also
      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Possibly borrowed from Ilocano a.

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (Standard Kankanaey) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
      • Rhymes: -a
      • Syllabification: a

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. hey!; eh!
        Synonym: ay

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (Standard Kankanaey) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
      • Rhymes: -a
      • Syllabification: a

      Noun

      edit

      a

      1. act of getting
        Synonym: ala
      Derived terms
      edit

      Etymology 4

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • (Standard Kankanaey) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
      • Rhymes: -a
      • Syllabification: a

      Particle

      edit

      a

      1. indicates polite, persuasive emphasis
        • 2021, Allen, Larry, “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary‎[16], Summer Institute of Linguistics:
          Kamán kan adí pinikpík mo? Pinikpík ko a.
          How come it seems like you didn't pat him? I patted him, all right.
      Usage notes
      edit
      • This is used at the end of the sentence.
      See also
      edit

      References

      edit
      • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[17] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
      • Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “a”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)‎[18] (in English and Kankanaey), Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 1
      • Allen, Larry (2021) “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary‎[19] (in English and Kankanaey), Summer Institute of Linguistics
      • Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎[20] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 164

      Kapampangan

      edit

      Ligature

      edit

      a

      1. connects adjectives to nouns
        Romantiku a bengi.
        A romantic night.
        Pinakapalsintan a tau.
        The person I love the most.
        Mayap a abak.
        Good morning.
        Mayap a bengi.
        Good night.
        Dakal a salamat.
        Thank you very much.

      See also

      edit

      Kari'na

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. ah, aah

      References

      edit
      • Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎[21], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 213
      • Yamada, Racquel-María (2010) “a”, in Speech community-based documentation, description, and revitalization: Kari’nja in Konomerume‎[22], University of Oregon, page 707

      Kashubian

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • IPA(key): /ˈa/
      • Rhymes: -a
      • Syllabification: a

      Etymology 1

      edit

      The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

      Letter

      edit

      a (lowercase, uppercase A)

      1. The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Etymology 2

      edit

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

      Conjunction

      edit

      a

      1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)

      Noun

      edit

      a n (indeclinable)

      1. (music) a (note)

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.

      Interjection

      edit

      a

      1. interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

      Further reading

      edit
      • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 1
      • Sychta, Bernard (1967) “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 1
      • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[23], volume 1, page 9
      • “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
      • “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

      Kayan

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a

      1. a the first letter of Kayan alphabet.

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. used for he, she, third person.

      K'iche'

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Adjective

      edit

      a

      1. masculine youth indicator

      Adverb

      edit

      a

      1. (interrogatory) indicator of a question

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. your

      References

      edit

      Koitabu

      edit

      Pronoun

      edit

      a

      1. you (singular)

      References

      edit
      • Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

      Krisa

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      IPA(key): /a/

      Noun

      edit

      a m

      1. pig
        Nana a doma.
        I shot your pig.

      References

      edit
      • Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004).

      Ladin

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      Etymology

      edit

      From Latin a.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. in
      2. at
      3. to

      Derived terms

      edit

      Lashi

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Adverb

      edit

      a

      1. not

      References

      edit
      • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[24], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

      Latgalian

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      Ultimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear:

      • Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)).
      • Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō.

      Compare Lithuanian o.

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • IPA(key): [ˈa]
      • Hyphenation: a

      Conjunction

      edit

      a f

      1. and, but

      References

      edit
      • A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN

      Latin

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit

      From Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      (letter name):

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet.
        littera a ― the letter a

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Etruscan.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      ā f (indeclinable)

      1. The name of the letter A.
      Coordinate terms
      edit

      Etymology 3

      edit

      Alternative form of ab by apocope (not used before a vowel or h).

      Alternative forms

      edit
      • à (earlier in New Latin)
      • ab

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Preposition

      edit

      ā (+ ablative)

      1. (indicating ablation) from, away from, out of
        • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:
          Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Matrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
          The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine (separate them) from the Belgae.
      2. (indicating ablation) down from
      3. (indicating agency: source of action or event) by, by means of
        • 45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2:
          Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.
          Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.
      4. (indicating instrumentality: source of action or event) by, by means of, with
      5. (indicating association) to, with
      6. (indicating location) at, on, in
      7. (time) after, since
      Usage notes
      edit

      Used in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.

      • Liber ā discipulō aperītur.
        The book is opened by the student.
      Derived terms
      edit
      Descendants
      edit
      • Italian: a
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)

      Etymology 4

      edit

      Expressive.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      ā

      1. ah

      Further reading

      edit
      • “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • a in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • “a”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

      Latvian

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit
       
      A

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Noun

      edit

      a m (invariable)

      1. The name of the Latin script letter A/a.

      See also

      edit

      Further reading

      edit

      Laz

      edit

      Determiner

      edit

      a

      1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

      Letter

      edit

      a

      1. The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Numeral

      edit

      a

      1. Latin spelling of ა (a)

      Ligurian

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Etymology 1

      edit
      Ligurian Definite Articles
      singular plural
      masculine o i
      feminine  a e

      Article

      edit

      a f sg (plural e)

      1. the

      Etymology 2

      edit

      From Latin ad.

      Preposition

      edit

      a

      1. in
      2. at
      3. to
        Vàddo a câza. ― I'm going home. (literally, “I go to home.”)
      4. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
        A mæ seu ghe fa mâ 'n bràsso. ― My sister's arm hurts. (literally, “To my sister an arm hurts.”)
      a + article Combined form
      a + o a-o
      a + a a-a
      a + i a-i
      a + e a-e

      Livonian

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.


      Louisiana Creole

      edit

      Etymology

      edit

      From French avoir (“to have”).

      Verb

      edit

      a

      1. to have

      Lower Sorbian

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
      2. The name of the Latin-script letter a/A.

      Conjunction

      edit

      a

      1. and

      See also

      edit

      Further reading

      edit
      • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
      • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

      Lushootseed

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a

      1. The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel.

      Malay

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

      edit

      Interjection

      edit

      a (Jawi spelling ا)

      1. Used to show excitement or to show agreement.
        A, macam itulah sepatutnya kaujawab!
        Yes, that's how you should answer!
      2. Used to express hesitation; er, uh.
        Synonym: er
        Dia ni, a, salah seorang Perdana Menteri Britain dulu.
        This guy is, er, one of Britain's Prime Ministers in the past.

      Further reading

      edit

      Maltese

      edit

      Pronunciation

      edit
      • IPA(key): /a/ (short phoneme)
      • IPA(key): /aː/ (long phoneme)

      Letter

      edit

      a (lower case, upper case A)

      1. The first letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

      See also

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      Mandarin

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      Romanization

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      a (a5／a0, Zhuyin ˙ㄚ)

      1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵
      2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啊
      3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 阿

      a

      1. Nonstandard spelling of ā.
      2. Nonstandard spelling of á.
      3. Nonstandard spelling of ǎ.
      4. Nonstandard spelling of à.

      Usage notes

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      • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

      Mandinka

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      Pronoun

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      a

      1. he, him (personal pronoun)
        A m busa ― He/she struck me.
        Y a busa ― They struck him/her.
      2. she, her (personal pronoun)
      3. it (personal pronoun)

      See also

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      Mandinka personal pronouns
      singular plural
      1st person nte, n, m ntolu, ntelu, n
      2nd person ite, i altolu, altelu, al
      3rd person ate, a itolu, itelu, y

      Maori

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      Particle

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      a

      1. of
      2. (determinative particle for names)
      3. (particle for pronouns when succeeding ki, i, kei, and hei)

      Usage notes

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      • When used in the sense of of, suggests that the possessor has control of the relationship (alienable possession).

      Mezquital Otomi

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      Etymology 1

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      Pronunciation

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      Interjection

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      a

      1. expresses satisfaction, pity, fright, or admiration

      Etymology 2

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      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      a

      1. (transitive) wake, awaken

      Etymology 3

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      From Proto-Otomi *ʔɔ, from Proto-Otomian *ʔɔ.

      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      a

      1. flea
      Derived terms
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      References

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      • Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo‎[25] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 1
      • Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)‎[26] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3

      Middle Dutch

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      Etymology

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      From Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

      Noun

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      â f

      1. (rare) river, stream, water

      Inflection

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      This noun needs an inflection-table template.

      Descendants

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      Further reading

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      • “a (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000

      Middle English

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      Etymology 1

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        Article

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        a

        1. Alternative form of an (mainly preconsonantal)

        Etymology 2

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        Pronoun

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        a

        1. (Late Middle English) Alternative form of I (“I”)

        Etymology 3

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        Pronoun

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        a

        1. Alternative form of heo (“she”)

        Etymology 4

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        Pronoun

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        a

        1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

        Etymology 5

        edit

        Pronoun

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        a

        1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

        Etymology 6

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        Numeral

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        a

        1. (Northern, Early Middle English) Alternative form of oo (“one”)

        Middle French

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        Etymology 1

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        From Old French a, from Latin ad.

        Alternative forms

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        • à (after 1550)

        Preposition

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        a

        1. to; towards

        Etymology 2

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        From Old French, from Latin habet.

        Verb

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        a

        1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir

        Middle Scots

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        Etymology 1

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        Inherited from Middle English a

        Letter

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        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Middle Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Etymology 2

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        Inherited from Middle English a

        Article

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        a

        1. a, an (indefinite article)
        2. With numbers (other than score, hundred, etc)
        Usage notes
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        • This form can be used before consonant and vowels, compare an which also can be used before vowels (and h) but also before consonants.

        Etymology 3

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        Inherited from Middle English a

        Alternative forms

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        Interjection

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        a

        1. ah!

        Etymology 4

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        Inherited from Northern Middle English a

        Middle Scots numbers (edit)
        1
            Cardinal: a
            Ordinal: first

        Numeral

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        a

        1. one
        Alternative forms
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        Etymology 5

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        Inherited from Middle English a

        Pronoun

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        a

        1. Alternative form of I (“first-person singular pronoun”)

        Further reading

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        Middle Welsh

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        Etymology 1

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        Pronunciation

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        Particle

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        a (triggers lenition)

        1. O (vocative particle)

        Etymology 2

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        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        a (triggers lenition)

        1. who, which, that

        Particle

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        a (triggers lenition)

        1. inserted before the verb when the subject of direct object precedes it

        Etymology 3

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        Pronunciation

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        Particle

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        a (triggers lenition)

        1. used to introduce a direct question
        2. whether, used to introduce an indirect question

        Etymology 4

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        Reduction of o (“from”).

        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        a

        1. used between a focused adjective and the noun it modifies

        Etymology 5

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        From Old Welsh ha.

        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        Conjunction

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        a (triggers aspiration)

        1. and

        Etymology 6

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        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        a (triggers aspiration)

        1. with

        Etymology 7

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        From Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.

        Alternative forms

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        Pronunciation

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        Verb

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        a

        1. third-person singular present indicative of mynet

        Mutation

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        Middle Welsh mutation
        Radical Soft Nasal H-prothesis
        a unchanged unchanged ha
        Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
        possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

        Mòcheno

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        Etymology

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        From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, a”).

        Article

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        a (oblique masculine an)

        1. a, an

        References

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        Mopan Maya

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        Article

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        a

        1. the

        References

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        • Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.

        Mountain Koiari

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        Pronoun

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        a

        1. you (singular)

        References

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        • Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics

        Murui Huitoto

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        Adverb

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        a

        1. Superseded spelling of aa.

        References

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        • Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎[27] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 19

        Nauruan

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        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        a

        1. I (first person singular pronoun)
          • 2000, Lisa M Johnson, Firstness of Secondness in Nauruan Morphology (overall work in English):
            a pudun
            1sing fall+Vn
            I fell
            […]
            a nuwawen
            1pers.sing. go+Vn
            I did go. (I left.)
            […]
            a kaiotien aem
            [1pers.sing.] [hear+Vn] [your words]
            I hear what you said.
            […]
            a nan imoren
            1pers.sing. FUT health+Vn
            I shall be cured (get better).
        edit

        Letter

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        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
          a = /a˨/
          ą = /ã˨/
          á = /a˥/
          ą́ = /ã˥/
          aa = /aː˨˨/
          ąą = /ãː˨˨/
          áa = /aː˥˨/
          ą́ą = /ãː˥˨/
          aá = /aː˨˥/
          ąą́ = /ãː˨˥/
          áá = /aː˥˥/
          ą́ą́ = /ãː˥˥/

        See also

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        Neapolitan

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        Pronunciation

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        Etymology 1

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        From Latin de ab.

        Preposition

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        a

        1. from (referring to a place)
        2. by (introducing the actor in the passive voice)
        3. to (implying necessity)

        Etymology 2

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        From Latin ad.

        Preposition

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        a

        1. in (locative: staying in a place of relative width)
        2. to (locative: moving towards a place of relative width)
        3. to (dative)

        Nias

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        Etymology

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        From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

        Verb

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        a (imperfective manga)

        1. (transitive) to eat

        References

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        • Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 15.

        Norman

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        Verb

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        a

        1. (Guernsey) third-person singular present indicative of aver

        North Frisian

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        Etymology 1

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): [a] (short vowel)
        • IPA(key): [aː], (Sylt) [oː] (long vowel, spelt aa)

        Letter

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        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Sylt Frisian ⟨aa⟩ was originally [ɔː], but has since merged with ⟨oo⟩. The letter ⟨ā⟩ is used for [aː]. The diphthongs ⟨ai, ia⟩ are both monophthongized to [ɛː] when followed by ⟨r⟩.
        • In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨ai⟩ represents a lengthened diphthong [aːɪ̯] as if written ⟨*aai⟩. The short equivalent is ⟨ei⟩.
        See also
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        Etymology 2

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        Article

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        a

        1. (Föhr-Amrum) the (masculine and all-gender plural definite article, reduced form)
          Coordinate terms: (full forms) de, dön
        Usage notes
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        • For the alternative use of the form a with certain original feminines, see at.
        Alternative forms
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        See also
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        Articles (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
        masculine feminine /
        neuter         		plural
        definite /
        demonstrative         		full de det dön
        reduced a at, 't a
        indefinite /
        numeral         		full een ian —
        reduced en
        negative neen nian
        While the feminine gender has generally been merged into the neuter, a certain number of traditionally feminine nouns still alternatively take the reduced definite article a alongside at.
        The form 't is enclitic and occurs only after prepositions.

        Norwegian Bokmål

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        The letter a from the Norwegian alphabet.

        Etymology 1

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        From Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite  , from Proto-Sinaitic  , from Egyptian 𓃾, representing the head of an ox.

        Pronunciation

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        Letter

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        a (uppercase A)

        1. The first letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Noun

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        a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-er, definite plural a-ene)

        1. the letter a, the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet
          fra A til B ― from A to B
          fra A til Å ― from A to Z
          har man sagt a, må man si b ― if you have said A, you should say B
          • 1999, Lars Roar Langslet, I kamp for norsk kultur, page 234:
            bruken av a i bestemt form i hunkjønnsord
            the use of a in the definite form of feminine words
        2. indicates the first or best entry of a list, order or rank
          Synonyms: A-, a-
          oppgang A ― apartment entrance A
          blodgruppe A ― blood group A
          førerkort i klasse A ― (motorcycle) driver's license in class A
          øl i klasse A ― beer in class A (with 0,0-0,7 volume percent alcohol)
          A post ― A post / priority mail
          A-aksje ― class A-share
          hepatitt A ― hepatitis A
          • 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker I [Collected poetic works 1], page 454:
            [bokstavene begynte] at gaa sammen, to og to: a stod og hvilte under et træ, som hedte b
            [the letters began] to go together, two by two: a stood and rested under a tree called b
          • 1920, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker V, page 389:
            begynde paa Ø istedet for A
            start with Ø instead of A
          • 1886, Arne Garborg, Mogning og manndom I, page 172:
            jeg traf sammen med et par generalbanditter, gamle gutter, storartede ranglefanter, 1ste klasse 1 A med stjerne, deilige herremænd
            I met a couple of general bandits, old boys, great revelers, 1st class 1 A with a star, lovely gentlemen
          • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 99:
            historie er hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel baade fra A og B om den samme sag
            story is what A thinks differently from B and what C again thinks differently from both A and B about the same case
        3. the highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale
          få A til eksamen
          receive an A on an exam
          • 2019, Helene Uri, Stillheten etterpå, page 14:
            jeg har gode karakterer. Bare A-er og B-er
            I have good grades. Only A's and B's
        4. (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
          A-dur
          A major
          A-moll
          A minor
          • 1944, Børre Qvamme, Musikk, page 10:
            synge en riktig A uten hjelp av et instrument eller stemmegaffel
            sing a correct A without the aid of an instrument or tuning fork
          • 1973, Finn Havrevold, Avreisen, page 127:
            han slår énstrøken a på klaveret
            he strikes one stroke A on the piano
          • 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
            så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
            so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
        5. (physics) symbol for ampere
        6. (physics) symbol for nucleon number
        7. (horology) symbol for avance
        8. symbol for anno
        9. short form of atom-
          Synonym: a-
          a-bombe
          atom bomb (a-bomb)

        Derived terms

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        Etymology 2

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        Abbreviation of atto- (“atto-”).

        Symbol

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        a

        1. atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.

        Etymology 3

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        Abbreviation of ar (“are”).

        Symbol

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        a

        1. an are, a unit of area one hundredth of a hectare; ares
          Synonym: ar

        Etymology 4

        edit

        From French à (“to, on, in”).

        Preposition

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        a

        1. Alternative spelling of à
        Alternative forms
        edit

        Etymology 5

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        From Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”).

        Preposition

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        a

        1. (used in Latin expressions, before a consonant) from, of
          a posteriori, a prima vista, a priori, a tempo, a verbo, a viso, a vista
        Alternative forms
        edit

        Etymology 6

        edit

        From Italian a (“in, at, to”).

        Preposition

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        a

        1. (used in Italian expressions, before a consonant) from, of, with
          a battuta, a cappella, a due, a dato, a konto
        2. weak form of av (of)

        Etymology 7

        edit

        From Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).

        Pronoun

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        a

        1. (dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she
          • 1948, Helge Krog, Skuespill I, page 43:
            jagu slår a ja. Og det så det kjens. Forleden dag ga hun meg en knallende ørefik
            she can certainly punch. And so you feel it. The other day she gave me a popping slap to the ear
          • 1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie:
            hu kunne ikke henge på seg så mye som et enrada perlebånd, uten at a måtte skotte opp i skyene for å høre hva den aller høyeste mente
            she could not put on as much as a single string of pearls, without having to shoot up into the clouds to hear what the very highest one meant
        2. (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she
          • 1899, Sfinx, Vi og Voreses, page 45:
            hos Hansens laa dem te klokka var ni, og 10 var a mange ganger ogsaa
            at Hansen's they laid until nine o'clock, and 10 she was many times too
          • 1954, Agnar Mykle, Lasso rundt fru Luna, page 476:
            hvor ligger a [duskeluen] henne?
            where is the hat?
          hvor er a katta di?
          where is your cat?
          Synonym: hun
        3. (dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she)
          hva gjorde du med a?
          what did you do to her?
          • 1847–1868, Halfdan Kjerulf, Av hans efterladte papirer, page 245:
            jeg [skrev] klaverstykker … en lille scherzo med nordisk motiv … «gjenta» og «Jørgen Matros», som gjør kur til ’a og «Ola Spelman» som hun foretrækker
            I [wrote] piano pieces… a small scherzo with a Nordic motif… «gjenta» and «Jørgen Matros», which makes cure for her and «Ola Spelman» which she prefers
          • 1875, Alexander Erbe, Fra skjærgaarden, page 23:
            [klokkeren] skulle da koste paa a amen
            [the clockmaker] would then cost her amen
          • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden I, page 6:
            jeg kan da gjerne skjære litt mat til a
            I could happily cut some food for her
          • 1931, Aksel Sandemose, En sjømann går i land, page 19:
            han stakk henne med kniven, riktig kylt’n midt i magan på a
            he stabbed her with the knife, really threw in the middle of her stomach
          • 2010, Helene Guåker, Kjør!:
            flere enn deg i hvert fall, di lørje, svarte jeg og så a midt i aua
            more than you at least, you skank, I answered and looked her in the eye
        4. (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her
          hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!
          if the cat runs away, you need to catch her!
          • 1895, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Over Ævne II, page 136:
            naar kjærka ikke kan holde arbejderne i ave [age], aa faen skal vi saa me’a
            when the church can not keep the workers in duty, what the hell do we do with her then
          Synonym: henne
        5. (dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her
          • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 96:
            ta a Guldborg
            consider Guldborg
          • 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 64:
            har du glemt a mamma
            did you forget about mom
          • 2015, Rudolf Nilsen, Samlede dikt, page 88:
            a Paula kom plystrende hjem
            Paula came home whistling
          • 2015 March 12, Gerd Nyland, “Fire år uten radio”, in Oppland Arbeiderblad‎[28], archived from the original on 2023-01-28:
            a tante Karen, mor hennes Reidun, hadde ordne med sengeplasser i stua, Booken på en divan og a Rita på flatseng på golvet
            aunt Karen, her mother Reidun, had arranged beds in the living room, Booken on a daybed and Rita on a flat bed on the floor

        Etymology 8

        edit

        From Danish ah (“oh”), likely from German ach (“oh”), from Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah. Also see ah and akk.

        Interjection

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        a

        1. expression of surprise or horror
          a, for noe tøv!
          oh, such nonsense!
          • 1888, Herman Colditz, Kjærka, et Atélierinteriør:
            a, det er bare noe drit til han terracottaen
            oh, that is just some crap for that terracotta guy
        2. expression of admiration or happiness
          a, det gjorde godt!
          oh, that felt good!
          • 1897, Fridtjof Nansen, Fram over Polhavet I, page 345:
            a, kunde vi bare gi «Fram» slige vinger
            oh, if only we could give "Fram" wings like that
        3. used with the words yes and no to give a sense of impatience or rejection
          a jo, men hold nå fred!
          oh yes, but keep quiet now
          • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt, page 99:
            a nej, det kan være det samme
            oh no, it does not matter
          • 1874-1878, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Brytnings-år I, page 25:
            a ja, lad Schirmer tegne staburet
            oh yes, let Schirmer draw the storehouse
          • 1988, Arild Nyquist, Giacomettis forunderlige reise:
            verden er vakker, bestemor. Selv når det regner og blåser. A ja da.
            the world is beautiful, grandma. Even when it's raining and windy. Oh yes.

        Etymology 9

        edit

        Mostly likely from Norwegian ad (“against, on”), from Danish ad (“by, at”), from Old Danish at, from Old Norse at (“at, to”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, toward, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”).

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. expression of anger or sorrow, especially with a personal pronoun
          uff a meg!
          oh, my!
          huff a meg!
          oh, no!
        Alternative forms
        edit

        References

        edit
        • “a” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
        • “a” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
        • “a” in Store norske leksikon
        •   a on the Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia.Wikipedia nb

        Anagrams

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        Norwegian Nynorsk

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        Etymology 1

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lowercase, uppercase A)

        1. The first letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-ar, definite plural a-ane)

        1. the letter a

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Interjection

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        a

        1. ah!
          Synonyms: ah, å

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. (dialect) alternative form of av
          • c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:
            fre a Gud okka far aa Jesu Christo den herræ.
            peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

        References

        edit

        Nupe

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • (phoneme): IPA(key): /a/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ã/

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        à

        1. not (placed at the end of a clause to negate it)
          Mi de eshìgi à, mi ma de dàǹgi à. ― I don't have a dog, and I don't have a cat.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Clipping of lá

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        á

        1. Marks the perfective aspect, for actions that are completed
        Usage notes
        edit

        á, which is derived from the verb lá (“to take”), functions like a verb so that the word order in the present perfect tense is that of a serial verb construction.

        • Musa shi dùkùn ― Musa bought a pot
        • Musa á dùkùn shi. ― Musa has bought a pot. (literally, “Musa took a pot to buy”)

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Clipping of gà

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        à

        1. Used to express the future tense (placed before verbs)
          A à lá èbi be nakàn ― They will use a knife to cut the meat

        Occitan

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Latin ad.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to
        2. at
        Derived terms
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a f (plural as)

        1. a (the letter a)

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Verb

        edit

        a

        1. third-person singular present indicative of aver

        Old Czech

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. ah!
        Descendants
        edit
        • Czech: a

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.

        Particle

        edit

        a

        1. Connective, contrasitve particle; and
        2. then, as, if
        3. yes, of course

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
        2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
        Descendants
        edit
        • Czech: a

        References

        edit

        Old Danish

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • aa (Jutlandic)

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

        Noun

        edit

        ā (genitive ār, plural ār)

        1. (Scania) stream, river
        Descendants
        edit
        • Danish: å

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

        Preposition

        edit

        ā

        1. (Scania) on, in, at
        Descendants
        edit

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Verb

        edit

        ā

        1. first/third-person singular present indicative of ēgha

        Old Dutch

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From Proto-West Germanic *ahu.

        Noun

        edit

        ā f

        1. river, stream, water

        Inflection

        edit

        This noun needs an inflection-table template.

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Descendants

        edit
        • Middle Dutch: â

        Further reading

        edit
        • “ā, ē”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

        Old English

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity, age”).

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Adverb

        edit

        ā

        1. ever, always

        References

        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        ā f

        1. Alternative form of ǣ: law

        References

        edit

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. Alternative form of on: to, in

        References

        edit

        Old French

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Old French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Latin ad.

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • ad
        • à (not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form)

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to
        2. towards
        3. belonging to
          fil a putain ― son of a whore
        Derived terms
        edit
        Descendants
        edit
        • French: à
          • → Danish: à
          • → Dutch: à
          • → German: à
          • → Hungarian: à
          • → Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
          • → Swedish: à

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Verb

        edit

        a

        1. third-person singular present indicative of avoir

        Etymology 4

        edit

        From Latin ab.

        Adverb

        edit

        a

        1. by, by means of

        Old Galician-Portuguese

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Inherited from Latin ad (“toward, to”).

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to; towards

        Descendants

        edit
        • Fala: a
        • Galician: a
        • Portuguese: a
          • Indo-Portuguese: a

        Etymology 2

        edit

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Article

        edit

        a f

        1. Alternative spelling of á

        Old Irish

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Proto-Celtic *sosim (“this”).

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • (relative pronoun): an

        Article

        edit

        a

        1. nominative/accusative singular neuter of in

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Pronoun

        edit

        a (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause using a deuterotonic or absolute verb form)

        2. that which, what

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Descendants
        edit
        • Irish: a
        • Scottish Gaelic: a

        Further reading

        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

        Conjunction

        edit

        a (triggers eclipsis, takes a nasalizing relative clause)

        1. when

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”), अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and एषाम् (eṣā́m, “their”).

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Determiner

        edit

        a (predicative aí or áe) (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)

        1. his, its
        2. her, its
        3. their

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Descendants
        edit
        • Irish: a (“his, her, its, their”)
        • Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, her, its”); an (“their”)

        Further reading

        edit

        Etymology 4

        edit

        From Proto-Celtic *ā (compare Welsh a), from Proto-Indo-European *ō (compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō).

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers lenition)

        1. O (vocative particle)

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Descendants
        edit
        • Irish: a
        • Scottish Gaelic: a

        Further reading

        edit

        Etymology 5

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel)

        1. introduces a numeral
          a deich ― ten
        Descendants
        edit
        • Irish: a
        • Scottish Gaelic: a

        Further reading

        edit

        Etymology 6

        edit

        From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

        Preposition

        edit

        a (combined with plural article asnaib, combined with 1st singular possessive determiner asmo, combined with 3rd person possessive determiner assa)

        1. out of

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Inflection
        edit
        Inflection of a
        Person Normal Emphatic
        1st person sing. asum
        2d person sing. essiut
        3d sing. masc./neut., dative as(s), es
        3d sing. masc./neut., accusative
        3d sing. fem., dative e(i)ssi, esse essisi
        3d sing. fem., accusative
        1st person pl.
        2d person pl.
        3d person pl., dative es(s)ib, eissib
        3d person pl., accusative
        edit
        Descendants
        edit
        • Irish: as
        • Manx: ass
        • Scottish Gaelic: à

        Further reading

        edit

        Old Polish

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)
        Descendants
        edit
        • Polish: a
        • Silesian: a

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. First attested in the first half of 14th century.

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
        2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
        3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
        4. emphasizes a question
        5. introduces a new sentences
        edit
        Descendants
        edit
        • Polish: a
        • Silesian: a

        References

        edit
        • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “a”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
        • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “a”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
        • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “a”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
        • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “a”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
        • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
        • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a, ha”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
        • Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “a”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

        Old Swedish

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        ā f

        1. creek, river

        Declension

        edit
        Declension of ā (ō-stem)
        singular plural
        indefinite definite indefinite definite
        nominative ā āin ā(r) āna(r)
        accusative ā āna ā(r) āna(r)
        dative ā ānni ām āmin, -men
        genitive ā(r) ārinnar ā ānna

        Descendants

        edit
        • Swedish: å

        References

        edit

        Omaha-Ponca

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a

        1. arm

        References

        edit

        Ometepec Nahuatl

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a

        1. water

        Oromo

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a (plural aa)

        1. The first letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Palauan

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a.

        Article

        edit

        a

        1. a, the

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a, from Proto-Austronesian *a.

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. linking particle

        Papiamentu

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case upper case, A)

        1. The first letter of the Papiamentu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        a

        1. Indicates the past tense.
          Mi a papia kuné. ― I talked to him.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Portuguese a.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to
        2. by
        3. at
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Only used in set expressions from Spanish.

        Polish

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
         

        Etymology 1

        edit

        The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

        Letter

        edit

        a (lowercase, uppercase A)

        1. The first letter of the Polish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
          małe a ― a minuscule/small/little a
          duże a ― a capital/big/large a
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        First attested in 1551.[1] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

        Noun

        edit

        a n (indeclinable)

        1. a, near-open central vowel
          samogłoska a ― the vowel a
          powiedzieć a ― to say a
        2. (music) a (note)
          zagrać a ― to play an a
          zaśpiewać a ― to sing an a
        edit

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Abbreviation of ar.

        Noun

        edit

        a m inan

        1. (metrology) Abbreviation of ar.

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Inherited from Old Polish a.

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
          A ty? ― And you?
          Wolisz tabletki, a ja wolę zastrzyki. ― You prefer pills whereas I prefer injections.
        2. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
          walka między dobrem a złem ― battle between good and evil
        3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
          Poszukasz, a znajdziesz. ― If you seek it, then you shall find it.
        4. and (used after a verb to indicate it will last a long time)
          pracować a pracować ― to work and work (for a long time)
        5. such and such (used when the speaker does not want to be more specific, when repeating an element)
        6. is (used to show some connection between two objects which are very different from each other)
        7. what about
          Ja jestem gotowy, a ty? ― I'm ready, what about you?
        Derived terms
        edit
        edit

        Etymology 5

        edit

        Inherited from Old Polish a.

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)

        Trivia

        edit

        According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), a is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 555 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 507 times in essays, 703 times in fiction, and 1175 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3226 times, making it the 13th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

        References

        edit
        1. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “a”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 1

        Further reading

        edit
        • a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
        • a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
        • “A”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 May 31
        • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego
        • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
        • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1
        • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “a”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 107-109

        Portuguese

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        letter
        article, pronoun

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        2. The first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a m (plural as)

        2. Alternative spelling of á
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa (with the disappearance of an initial l; compare Spanish la).

        Article

        edit

        a

        2. feminine singular of o
        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

        See also
        edit
        Portuguese articles (edit)
        Singular Plural
        Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
        Definite articles
        (the)         		o a os as
        Indefinite articles
        (a, an; some)         		um uma uns umas

        Pronoun

        edit

        a f (third-person singular)

        2. her, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ela)
          Encontrei-a na rua. ― I met her/it on the street.
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Becomes -la after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos (“us”) and vos (“plural you”), and the adverb eis (“here is; behold”); the final letter causing the change disappears.
          After ver (“to see”): Posso vê-la? — “May I see her/it?”
          After pôs (“he/she/it put”): Ele pô-la ali. — “He put her/it there.”
          After fiz (“I made; I did”): Fi-la ficar contente. — “I made her/it become happy.”
          After nos (“us”): Ela deu-no-la relutantemente. — “She gave her/it to us reluctantly.”
          After eis (“here is; behold”): Ei-la! — “Behold her/it!”
        • Becomes -na after a nasal vowel or diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
          Detêm-na como prisioneira. — “They detain her/it as a prisoner.”
        • In informal Brazilian Portuguese, the nominative form ela (“she”) is more commonly used.
          Eu a vi. → Eu vi ela.: “I saw her/it.”
        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        See also
        edit

        See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for more.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”) and ab (“from, away, by”).

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        2. to, introduces the indirect object
          Synonym: para
          Dê-o a mim. ― Give it to me.
          Meu coração pertence a você. ― My heart belongs to you.
        4. to; towards, indicates destination
          Synonyms: para, até
          Vamos a Paris! ― Let’s go to Paris!
        6. away, indicates a physical distance
          A vila fica a onze milhas ― The village is eleven miles away.
          Comunicação à distância. ― Communication at a distance.
        8. with; by means of, using as an instrument or means
          Synonyms: com, por meio de
          Mataram o cão a pauladas. ― They bludgeoned the dog to death. (literally, “they killed the dog with bludgeonings”)
          A cavalo. ― On horseback.
          Livro escrito a lápis. ― A book written with a pencil.
        10. with; on, using as a medium or fuel
          Quadro pintado a óleo. ― A painting painted with oil.
          Fornalha a carvão. ― Coal furnace.
        12. by, using the specified measurement; in the specified quantity
          É mais barato comprar comida ao quilo. ― It is cheaper to by food by the kilogram.
          Os fracassos ocorrem às dezenas. ― Failures occur by the dozen.
        14. (preceded and followed by the same word) by, indicates a steady progression
          Synonym: por
          Calma lá. Resolva o problema passo a passo. ― Easy there. Solve the problem step by step.
        16. in the style or manner of; a la
          Synonym: ao modo de
          Ele puxou o temperamento ao pai. ― He inherited his temperament from his father.
          Camarão à grega. ― Greek-style shrimp.
        18. (limited use, see usage notes) at, during the specified period
          Synonyms: em, de
          Dormimos à noite. ― We sleep at night.
          O filme começa às duas horas. ― The film starts at two o’clock.
        20. (rare except in set terms) at; in, indicates a location or position
          Synonym: em
          Isto fica à frente do altar. ― This stays in front of the altar.
        22. indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
          A mim ele não engana. ― He doesn’t deceive me. (literally, “To me he doesn’t deceive.”)
        24. (Portugal, followed by a verb in the infinitive form) forms the present participle
          Estou a preparar a canja. ― I am preparing the chicken soup.
        26. (followed by an infinitive or present passive) to, forms the future participle
          Synonyms: para, por
          Um trabalho a ser feito. ― A job to be done.
          Nada a fazer. ― Nothing to be done.
        Usage notes
        edit

        When followed by a definite article, a is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

        In the sense of to (introducing the indirect object) usage with a personal pronoun can be replaced with an indirect pronoun (me, nos, te, vos, lhe, lhes):

        • Deram um livro a ele. → Deram-lhe um livro.

        In the sense of at (during the specified period) it can be used with:

        Dia (“day”), manhã (“morning”), madrugada (“early morning”) use de (“of”) instead, which can optionally be used for tarde, noitinha and noite as well. Names of months, days of the month and of the week use em (“in”).

        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Descendants
        edit
        • Indo-Portuguese: a
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        2. (Internet slang) Alternative form of ah
          A, tudo bem então.
          Oh, all right then.
        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Etymology 5

        edit

        From homophone há.

        Verb

        edit

        a

        1. Misspelling of há.
        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Etymology 6

        edit

        From homophone à.

        Contraction

        edit

        a

        1. Misspelling of à.
        Quotations
        edit

        For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.

        Rapa Nui

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /ˈa/
        • Hyphenation: a

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Maori a and Tongan ʻa.

        Article

        edit

        a

        1. the personal article, used before proper nouns

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *a. Cognates include Hawaiian ā and Maori ā.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. along, towards

        References

        edit
        • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[32], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 102

        Rawang

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Suffix

        edit

        a

        1. verbal suffix for marking benefactive of the V.

        Pronoun

        edit

        a (upper case A)

        1. proximate demonstrative pronoun
          Alòng èlámò.
          Dry this one.
          Ló webǿng nàí baqòé, ngàí abǿng bakngò lé" wa.
          Well, you carry that side, I will carry this side.
          A wedø nø bvttut mvjòǃ
          Oh, it is absolutely wrong to do (it) that way.

        Romagnol

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • (Central Romagnol): IPA(key): [ˈaɐ̯]
        • (San Zaccaria): IPA(key): [ˈaɐ]

        Verb

        edit

        a

        1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of avér (“to have”)

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Latin ego.

        Pronoun

        edit

        a (plural a)

        1. (Ville Unite) I
        2. (Ville Unite) plural of a (“we”)
        3. (Ville Unite) plural of te (“you”)

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Inherited from Latin ad, a (“to, toward”).

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to; at

        Romani

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. oh, ah

        References

        edit
        • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “a”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 134

        Romanian

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        See also

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Article

        edit

        a

        1. feminine singular of al (“of”, possessive article)

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near; at”).

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. (used with infinitive verbs) the infinitive marker: to
          a fi ― to be
        2. (obsolete) at (now almost completely replaced by la)
        3. (used only with a few perception verbs like suna, mirosi, arăta) like, of

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Proto-Romanian, from a late Vulgar Latin *ae(t), from Latin habet.[1]

        Verb

        edit

        (el/ea) a (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)

        1. modal auxiliary
          (he/she) has...
          A văzut acest film?
          Has he/she seen this film?
        Usage notes
        edit

        a is used instead of are to form the third-person singular perfect compus.

        References

        edit
        1. ^ http://www.lingv.ro/RRL%201-2%202009%20Nevaci,%20Todi.pdf

        Sardinian

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word) in senses 1 and 2)

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. (Nuorese) Only used in che a (“like, as”)
        2. (Campidanese) Only used in tottu a and a tottu
        3. used in the words for the numbers 17 and 19
          1. (Logudorese) Only used in degasette (“seventeen”)
          2. (Campidanese) Only used in dexasetti (“seventeen”) and degannoi (“nineteen”)
          3. (Nuorese) Only used in decassette (“seventeen”) and decannobe (“nineteen”)

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Latin ad from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • ad (used before vowel-initial words)
        • an (Nuorese, before words starting with d-)

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): (Logudorese, Nuorese) /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))
        • IPA(key): (Campidanese) /a/ (often does not trigger final cogemination)

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. indicates the indirect object; to
        2. indicates the place; in, to
        3. denotes the manner; with
          a pe' (Logudorese) ― on foot

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of o.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. (central Sardinia) Used to introduce a question or an exhortation
          a benis? ― are you coming?
          a nos pasamos! ― Let's rest!
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Used in expressions such as a chie ... a chie ... (Logudorese, Nuorese) and a chini ... a chini ... (Campidanese)
          a chie ridet, a chie pranghet (Nuorese) ― one laughs, the other one cries (literally, “[there's] who laughs, [there's] who cries”)
          • In these expressions, e can be used instead of a, though it's not common.
        Derived terms
        edit

        References

        edit
        • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
        • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
        • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a3”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

        Sassarese

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • ad (before a vowel)

        Etymology

        edit

        From Latin ad, from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        2. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action; to, sometimes untranslated
        4. Used to indicate destination; to
        6. Used to indicate purpose; to
        8. Used with adverbs expressing position or proximity; to, sometimes untranslated
        10. Used to indicate a moment in time; at
        12. Used to indicate a period of time; in
        14. in, about, with regard to
        16. Used to indicate a comparison; to
        18. Denotes the direct object
        20. Indicates manner.
        22. Indicates shape.
        24. Used to introduce a question.

        Quotations

        edit

        References

        edit
        • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

        Satawalese

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        IPA(key): /a/

        Pronoun

        edit

        a (third-person singular)

        1. he
        2. she
        3. it

        References

        edit

        Kevin M. Roddy (2007), "A Sketch Grammar Of Satawalese, The Language Of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia"

        Scots

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Middle English a, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”).

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Article

        edit

        a

        1. a, an (indefinite article)
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Unlike English, this form can be used before both consonant and vowel sounds. However, this is not often the case in written Scots, probably due to the influence of English. [1]
        Synonyms
        edit
        • (before a vowel): an

        References

        edit
        1. ^ https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/a_indef_art

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Determiner

        edit

        a

        1. Alternative form of a'

        Adverb

        edit

        a

        1. Alternative form of a'

        Noun

        edit

        a (uncountable)

        1. Alternative form of a'

        References

        edit

        Scottish Gaelic

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): (etymologies 2–8) /ə/, (etymologies 1 and 9) /a/
        • Hyphenation: a

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is followed by b. Its traditional name is ailm (“elm”).
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *ā. Cognates include Irish a and Welsh a.

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers lenition)

        1. Used to mark a vocative; O
          Halò, a Ruairidh. ― Hello, (O) Roderick.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

        Determiner

        edit

        a

        1. (triggers lenition) his, its
        2. (triggers H-prothesis) her, its
        See also
        edit
        Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
        Singular Plural
        + C + V + C + V
        First person moL m' ar arN
        Second person doL d' ur urN
        Third person m aL — an, am1) an
        Third person f a aH
        L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

        Etymology 4

        edit

        From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

        Pronoun

        edit

        a (governs the relative form of the verb)

        1. who, which, that
          Cuin a chluinneas tu e? ― When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”)

        Etymology 5

        edit

        From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers H-prothesis)

        1. Used before cardinal numbers not succeded by a noun
          A bheil agad a ceithir? ― Do you have four?

        Etymology 6

        edit

        From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers lenition)

        1. Used to mark the infinitive of a verb; to
          Tha mi a' dol a chadal. ― I'm going to sleep.

        Etymology 7

        edit

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Preposition

        edit

        a (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels)

        1. Reduced form of do
        2. Reduced form of de

        Etymology 8

        edit

        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Particle

        edit

        a (triggers lenition)

        1. Form of an used before bheil
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Less frequently, am may be used before bheil as well.

        Etymology 9

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        a!

        1. ah!
        Alternative forms
        edit

        References

        edit
        • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “a”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[33], Stirling, →ISBN
        • Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1
        • Edward Dwelly (1911) “a”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[34], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

        Serbo-Croatian

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        See Translingual section.

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The 1st letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), followed by b.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

        Conjunction

        edit

        a (Cyrillic spelling а)

        1. but, and (compare ȁli)
          Učio sam c(ij)elo posl(ij)epodne, a ništa nisam naučio. ― I studied for the whole afternoon, but I didn't learn anything.
          A kako biste vi to napravili? ― And how would you do that?
        2. while (on the contrary), whereas
          Stolovi su crveni, a stolice su zelene. ― The tables are red, whereas the chairs are green.
        3. (with da ne) without (usually after negative verbs)
          Ne mogu se uključiti u raspravu, a da ne napravim nered. ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess.
          Odlazi, a da nije rekao ni zbogom. ― He's leaving without even saying goodbye.
        4. (a ȉpāk) and yet
          Pravi prijatelj zna sve o tebi, a ipak te voli. ― The real friend knows everything about you, and yet he loves you.
        5. (a kȁmoli) not to mention, let alone
          U moru loših v(ij)esti teško je ostati objektivan, a kamoli optimističan. ― In the sea of bad news it's hard to stay objective, let alone optimistic.
        6. (a + i + da) even if
          A i da jesam to napravio, ne bi to učinilo neku razliku. ― Even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference.
        7. (a + i) and so, and also, and too
          Sviđaju mi se plavuše, a i ja se pokojoj svidim. ― I like blondes, and some of them even like me.
          Bili su žalosni, a i ja sam. ― They were sad, and so am I.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Attested since the 15th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Slovene a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

        Interjection

        edit

        a (Cyrillic spelling а)

        1. oh, ah
          a da? ― oh really?

        References

        edit
        • “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
        • “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
        • Skok, Petar (1971) “a”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 1

        Sicilian

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Latin ā (the name of the letter A).

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a f

        1. The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Article

        edit

        a f sg (m u, plural i)

        1. the (feminine singular definite article)
          Synonym: la
        Usage notes
        edit
        • As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
        • In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
        • Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancina (liquid) and ârancina (illiquid).
        Inflection
        edit
        Sicilian articles
        Masculine singular definite article Feminine singular definite article Masculine and feminine plural definite article
        Definite articles (liquid) lu la li
        Definite articles (illiquid) u a i
        Definite articles nu
        (also: un,'n)         		na

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • la (liquid form)

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        a f sg (plural i, masculine u)

        1. (accusative) her
          Synonym: la
          A canusci? ― Do you know her?
        2. (accusative) it, this or that thing
          Synonym: la
          Quannu tâ desi. ― When I gave it to you.
        Usage notes
        edit
        • This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.
        Inflection
        edit
        Sicilian pronominal particles
        Masculine singular pronominal particles Feminine singular pronominal particles Masculine and feminine plural pronominal particles
        mi mû mâ mî
        ti tû tâ tî
        ci ci u ci a cî
        ni nû nâ nî
        vi vû vâ vî
        ci ci u ci a cî

        Etymology 4

        edit

        From the merge of Latin ad and ab.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. indicates the indirect object; to
          Porta stu panaru â nanna.
          Bring this basket to grandma.
          Ê jatti ci piàciunu i pisci.
          Cats like fish.
          (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
          E mû dumanni a mìa?
          You're asking that to me?
        2. indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used; in, to
          Jemu â casa?
          Can we go home?
          (literally, “Can we go to the home?”)
          Cchiui staju a Palermu, a Ruma cci tornu dumani.
          I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
        4. denotes the manner; with
          a pedi, a muzzu ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        5. denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
          Chiama a Paulu.
          Call Paolo.
          E nun ni vidisti cchiui a nuiautri?
          And you didn't see us?
          the "us" here is repeated twice for emphasis
          Ascutassi a mìa, signù!
          Listen to me, ma'am!
        Usage notes
        edit
        • When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad (also rhotacized as ar) is used instead.
        • When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
        a + article Combined form
        a + u ô
        a + lu a lu
        a + a â
        a + la a la
        a + i ê
        a + li a li

        Etymology 5

        edit

        Verb

        edit

        a

        1. Misspelling of àvi.

        Silesian

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /ˈa/
        • Rhymes: -a
        • Syllabification: a

        Etymology 1

        edit

        The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        See also

        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Inherited from Old Polish a.

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
        2. and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
        3. and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
        4. and (used for clairification)

        Particle

        edit

        a

        1. intensifies agreement

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Inherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a.

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!

        Further reading

        edit
        • a in dykcjonorz.eu
        • a in silling.org

        Skolt Sami

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        See Translingual section.

        Letter

        edit

        a (upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Borrowed from Russian а (a) 'but'.[1]

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. but
        2. how, what about

        References

        edit
        1. ^ Juutinen, Markus. 2022. “Russian Loanwords in Skolt Saami”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2022 (67):75–126. https://doi.org/10.33339/fuf.110737.

        Further reading

        edit
        • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[35], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

        Slovak

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.

        Letter

        edit

        a (upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and
        Derived terms
        edit

        Further reading

        edit

        Slovene

        edit
         
        Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia sl

        Etymology 1

        edit

        From Gaj's Latin alphabet a, from Czech alphabet a, modification of capital A, itself derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • (phoneme, tonal variety): IPA(key): /áː/, /àː/, /ʌ́/, /a/, [â], [ǎ]
        • (phoneme, non-tonal variety): IPA(key): /aː/, /a/
        • (letter name): IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/
        • Audio (letter name, non-tonal):(file)
        • Rhymes: -aː
        • Homophone: a

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
        2. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
        3. The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

        Symbol

        edit

        a

        1. (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [a].

        Noun

        edit

        ā m inan

        1. The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
        2. The name of the phonemes /a, aː, ʌ/.
        Inflection
        edit
        • Overall more common
         
        		 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
        Masculine inan., soft o-stem
        nom. sing. ā
        gen. sing. ā-ja
        singular dual plural
        nominative
        (imenovȃlnik)         		ā ā-ja ā-ji
        genitive
        (rodȋlnik)         		ā-ja ā-jev ā-jev
        dative
        (dajȃlnik)         		ā-ju ā-jema ā-jem
        accusative
        (tožȋlnik)         		ā ā-ja ā-je
        locative
        (mẹ̑stnik)         		ā-ju ā-jih ā-jih
        instrumental
        (orọ̑dnik)         		ā-jem ā-jema ā-ji
        • More common when with a definite adjective
        Masculine inan., no endings
        nom. sing. ā
        gen. sing. ā
        singular dual plural
        nominative ā ā ā
        accusative ā ā ā
        genitive ā ā ā
        dative ā ā ā
        locative ā ā ā
        instrumental ā ā ā

        Derived terms

        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Attested since the 18th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/, /á/
        • Audio (non-tonal, long):(file)
        • Audio (non-tonal, short):(file)

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. oh
        2. Used at the end of a sentence for confirmation, similarly to 'didn't I' in English.
          Tega nisi pričakoval, a? ― You did not expect this, did you?
        Synonyms
        edit

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Indo-European *ō̃t, which is ablative form of Proto-Indo-European *e- 'this'. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a) and Czech a.

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. but
          Synonyms: in, pa, toda, vendar

        Particle

        edit

        a

        1. contracted form of ali, particle used to form a yes- no question.
          Synonyms: kaj, ali

        See also

        edit

        Further reading

        edit
        • “a”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

        Slovincian

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • IPA(key): /ˈa/
        • Rhymes: -a
        • Syllabification: a

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and; but”).

        Conjunction

        edit

        a

        1. and
          Synonym: ë
        2. and, but, whereas
        Derived terms
        edit
        conjunctions

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“ah!”).

        Interjection

        edit

        a

        1. ah!
          Synonyms: ach, ach, o

        References

        edit

        Spanish

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A)

        1. The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Noun

        edit

        a f (plural aes)

        1. Name of the letter A.
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From Latin ad (“to”).

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • (obsolete) á
        • (obsolete) à

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. to
          • 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
            Tenía en su casa una ama que pasaba de los cuarenta y una sobrina que no llegaba a los veinte, y un mozo de campo y plaza que así ensillaba el rocín como tomaba la podadera.
            He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle the billhook.
        2. by
        3. at
        4. Used before words referring to people, pets, or personified objects or places that function as direct objects: personal a.
          Lo busca a usted.
          He is looking for you.
        Usage notes
        edit
        • Personal a is not translated into English.
        Derived terms
        edit
        See also
        edit

        Sranan Tongo

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        a

        1. he, she, it
          • ca. 1765, Pieter van Dyk, Nieuwe en nooit bevoorens geziene Onderwyzinge in het Bastert, of Neeger Engels, zoo als het zelve in de Hollandsze Colonien gebruikt word [New and unprecedented instruction in Bastard or Negro English, as it is used in the Dutch colonies]‎[38], Frankfurt/Madrid: Iberoamericana, retrieved 20 March 2021:
            Odi mijn heer hoe fa joe tan gran tanki fo myn heer a komi ja fo loeke da pranasie wan trom.
            Good day, Sir, how are you? Many thanks to Sir, (that) he has come here to look at the plantation on this occasion.

        Article

        edit

        a (singular)

        1. the

        Usage notes

        edit

        Sranan Tongo makes no difference between singular and plural forms, except for pronouns and determiners and the definite article. Common nouns referring to a collection of similar items are usually treated as singular where in English they would be grammatically plural, and so are referred to with singular pronouns and determiners and the singular definite article.

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. at, to
          Synonym: na

        Particle

        edit

        a

        1. (copula) to be (used with a noun phrase as complement)
          Synonym: na

        Usage notes

        edit

        This particle is only used when the temporal aspect is unmarked, whether for timeless facts, or for statements where time is not considered relevant.

        Sumerian

        edit

        Romanization

        edit

        a

        1. Romanization of 𒀀 (a)

        Swahili

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        -a

        1. The genitive particle; adjectival particle; of
          kitabu cha mtoto ― child's book
          kiini cha yai ― egg yolk (literally, “center of egg”)
          • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[39], stanza 9:
            كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِ
            Kiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalali
            Brightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance

        Usage notes

        edit

        Inflection

        edit
        Inflected forms of -a
        Noun class singular plural
        m-wa class(I/II) wa wa
        m-mi class(III/IV) wa ya
        ji-ma class(V/VI) la ya
        ki-vi class(VII/VIII) cha vya
        n class(IX/X) ya za
        u class(XI) wa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
        pa class(XVI) pa
        ku class(XVII) kwa
        mu class(XVIII) mwa

        See also

        edit

        Swedish

        edit

        Preposition

        edit

        a

        1. from (very formal, seldom used outside written formal texts.)

        Usage notes

        edit

        See also

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        a (name a, uppercase form A)

        1. The first letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        See also

        edit

        Adverb

        edit

        a (not comparable)

        1. (colloquial) Alternative form of aa

        Tagalog

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Borrowed from Spanish a. Each pronunciation has a different source:

        • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English a.
        • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜀ (a).
        • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish a.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • (Standard Tagalog)
          • IPA(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔeɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
          • IPA(key): /ˈʔa/ [ˈʔa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
            • Rhymes: -a
          • IPA(key): /ˈa/ [ˈa] (phoneme, stressed)
            • Rhymes: -a
          • IPA(key): /a/ [ɐ] (phoneme, unstressed)
        • Syllabification: a

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜌ᜔)

        1. The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ey and written in the Latin script.

        Letter

        edit

        a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜀ)

        1. The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called a and written in the Latin script.
        2. (historical) The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called a and written in the Latin script.
        See also
        edit

        Noun

        edit

        a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)

        1. the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abakada alphabet
          Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey
        2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abecedario
          Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ey
        edit
        See also
        edit

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)

        1. ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise
          A! Kailan namatay ang iyong ina? ― Ah! When did your mother die?
        2. oh (expression of understanding or realization)
          Synonym: aw

        Alternative forms

        edit

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        a (Baybayin spelling ᜀ)

        1. (informal) ouch (expression of pain)
          Synonyms: aray, aw
        Alternative forms
        edit

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Alternative forms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Further reading

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Tarantino

        edit

        Preposition

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. in
        2. at
        3. to

        Tày

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. alright?; okay?; will you?
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        2. already
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Derived terms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognate with The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Noun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. paternal aunt
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        2. younger sister
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Derived terms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        References

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Tok Pisin

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        Imitative or onomatopoeia.

        Interjection

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. eh?
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Tokelauan

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 1

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Article

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Derived terms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        See also
        edit
        Tokelauan articles
        Impersonal
        singular plural
        Definite The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Indefinite The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Personal
        Nominal Pronominal
        Simple The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        After The time allocated for running scripts has expired./The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        After The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Preposition

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of
        See also
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        References

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Tooro

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Particle

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of

        Declension

        edit
        Inflected forms of The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Noun class indefinite definite
        singular plural singular plural
        1/2 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        3/4 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        5/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        7/8 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        9/10 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        11/10 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        12/14 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        13 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        14/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        15/6 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        16 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        18 The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        References

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Turkish

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        See also

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        See also

        edit

        Turkmen

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        See also

        edit

        Tyap

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Interjection

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. ah (expression of surprise, question)
        2. eh (expression of reluctance)

        Pronoun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. you (2nd person subject singular personal pronoun)

        Pronoun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. he/she (3rd person singular personal pronoun)

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Pronoun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. they (indefinite) (3rd person plural personal pronoun)

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        See also

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.


        Upper Sorbian

        edit

        Conjunction

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. and
        2. the (establishing a parallel between two comparatives)
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Further reading

        edit
        • “a” in Soblex

        Vietnamese

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.

        Noun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        See also

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Noun

        edit

        (classifier The time allocated for running scripts has expired.) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. a cutting tool consisting of two blades inserted into a long handle to cut grass or to harvest rice
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Verb

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. to rush or charge forward at
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Pronoun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 5

        edit

        Particle

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 6

        edit

        Interjection

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Volapük

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. or The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Pronunciation

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Preposition

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. per, The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        2. by
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Votic

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Borrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Conjunction

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. but (Following a negative clause or sentence) On the contrary, but rather
        2. However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand

        Etymology 3

        edit

        Natural. Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Interjection

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. ah!, oh!
        2. oops!
        3. ouch!

        See also

        edit

        References

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Walloon

        edit

        Etymology

        edit

        From The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Preposition

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. at

        Welsh

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script. It is followed by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
        Mutation
        edit
        • a cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take The time allocated for running scripts has expired., for example with the word The time allocated for running scripts has expired.:

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Derived terms
        edit
        • Digraph sequences: The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        See also
        edit

        Noun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Mutation
        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Verb

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Synonyms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 3

        edit

        From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. (compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.).

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Conjunction

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. and
        Synonyms
        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 4

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Pronoun

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod, to be)).
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Usage notes
        edit
        1. a is not used with the third person singular present of the verb bod, where the relative verb form sydd is used instead
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          not *Y dyn a yw'n ifanc
        2. a is not used in indirect relative clauses, where the pronoun is part of a genitive or periphrastic construction. Instead the second relative pronoun y is used
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          not *Y dyn a oedd ei chwaer yma

        West Makian

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Verb

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be cooked
        2. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be done, finished
        Conjugation
        edit
        Conjugation of a (stative verb)
        singular plural
        inclusive exclusive
        1st person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        2nd person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        3rd person inanimate The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        animate The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        imperative —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Verb

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        Usage notes
        edit

        The verb a ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do.

        Conjugation
        edit
        Conjugation of a (directional verb)
        singular plural
        inclusive exclusive
        1st person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        2nd person The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        3rd person inanimate The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        animate
        imperative The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        References

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Yele

        edit

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Derived terms

        edit
        • The digraph ⟨aa⟩ transcribes the long vowel /æː/
        • The digraph ⟨꞉a⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /æ̃/
        • The trigraph ⟨꞉aa⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /æ̃ː/

        See also

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Yola

        edit

        Etymology 1

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Article

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. the, in later times the.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 2

        edit

        From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Alternative forms

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Pronunciation

        edit
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Article

        edit

        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. one
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 3

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        Unstressed form of The time allocated for running scripts has expired..

        Pronunciation

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        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Preposition

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        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. on
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 4

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        Pronoun

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        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Etymology 5

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        Preposition

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        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
          • The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        References

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        Yoruba

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        Etymology 1

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        Pronunciation

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        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
        • The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        Letter

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        The time allocated for running scripts has expired.

        1. Template:Latn-def

        Noun

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        Template:head

        1. Template:Latn-def

        See also

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        Etymology 2

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        Likely a Template:clipping

        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        Template:head

        1. we Template:gloss
          Template:ux
          Template:ux
        Usage notes
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        Similar to other shortened subject pronouns, its usage is restricted and can only be found directly before a verb or pre-verbal marker. It cannot be used with particles/discourse markers such as Template:m or conjunctions such as Template:m, Template:m, and Template:m. In those cases, Template:m must be used instead.

        Etymology 3

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        Pronunciation

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        Pronoun

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        Template:head

        1. him, her, it Template:gloss
          Template:syn
          Template:ux

        Pronoun

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        Template:head

        1. him, her, it Template:gloss
          Template:syn
          Template:uxi
          Template:uxi

        See also

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        Template:see-temp

        Yucatec Maya

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        Pronoun

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        Template:head

        1. you Template:gloss

        Zazaki

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        Letter

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        Template:head

        1. Template:Latn-def

        See also

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        Pronoun

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        Template:head

        1. she

        Zhuang

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        Pronunciation

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        Etymology 1

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        Compare Template:cog.

        Noun

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        Template:head

        1. crow
        Synonyms
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        Etymology 2

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        Noun

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        Template:head

        1. Template:lb mother

        Etymology 3

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        Particle

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        Template:head

        1. Template:n-g

        Zou

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        Template:head

        1. hen

        References

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        Zulu

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        Letter

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        Template:head

        1. Template:Latn-def

        See also

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