boyar

See also: Boyar

English

Alternative forms

• boyard, bolyard

Etymology

Russian boyars (16-17th century)

From Russian боя́ре (bojáre), plural of боя́рин (bojárin).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈbɔɪɑː/, /ˈbəʊjɑː/, /bəʊˈjɑː/
• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

boyar (plural boyars)

1. (historical) A member of a rank of aristocracy (second only to princes) in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia and Romania.
   • 1997, John Julius Norwich, A Short History of Byzantium, Penguin, published 1998, page 159:

     Boris had abdicated in 889, leaving the throne to his son Vladimir, who had immediately identified himself with the boyar aristocracy which Boris had done his utmost to crush.

   • 2007, John Darwin, After Tamerlane, Penguin, published 2008, page 68:

     A long series of wars was fought in the sixteenth century to keep Polish influence at bay in the West Russian lands, and prevent it from seducing Muscovy's restless boyars, the warrior-barons whose independence the grand dukes were determined to crush.

   • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 514:

     some of his family looked to Orthodox Christianity to sustain them, and not only many of his boyars but most of his subjects were Orthodox Christians.

Synonyms

• barin

Derived terms

• boyardom
• boyaress

 

Translations

rank of aristocracy

• Armenian: բոյար (hy) (boyar)
• Azerbaijani: boyar
• Belarusian: бая́рын m (bajáryn), ба́рын m (báryn) (a more modern term)
• Bulgarian: боля́р m (boljár), боля́рин (bg) m (boljárin), боля́рец m (boljárec)
• Catalan: boiar (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 波雅爾／波雅尔 (bōyǎ'ěr)

• Czech: bojar m, bárin m
• Dutch: bojaar (nl) m
• Estonian: bojaar (et)
• Finnish: pajari (fi)
• French: boyard (fr) m, boïard (fr) m, barine (fr) m, barynia (fr) f
• Georgian: ბოიარინი (boiarini)
• German: Bojare m
• Greek: βογιάρος (el) m (vogiáros)
• Hungarian: bojár (hu)
• Ingrian: bajari
• Japanese: ボヤール (boyāru)
• Korean: 보야르 (boyareu)
• Macedonian: бо́лјар m (bóljar)
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: болꙗринъ m (boljarinŭ)

• Old East Slavic: бояринъ m (bojarinŭ)
• Ottoman Turkish: بویار (boyar)
• Polish: bojar (pl) m, bojarzyn m (archaic)
• Portuguese: boiardo (pt) m
• Romanian: boier (ro) m
• Russian: боя́рин (ru) m (bojárin), боя́рыня (ru) f (bojárynja), ба́рин (ru) m (bárin) (a more modern term), ба́рыня (ru) f (bárynja)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бољарин m, бољар m

  Roman: boljarin m, boljar (sh) m

• Slovak: bojar m
• Southern Altai: бояр (boyar)
• Spanish: boyardo (es) m
• Swedish: bojar (sv) c
• Turkish: boyar (tr)
• Ukrainian: боя́рин (uk) m (bojáryn), буй (uk) m (buj)
• Uzbek: boyar (uz)
• Yiddish: באָיאַרין m (boyarin)

Anagrams

• baryo-

Nyunga

Adjective

boyar

1. amorous, full of love

References

• 1839, George Grey, Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Language of Western Australia (Perth gazette and Western Australian journal)

Spanish

Etymology

From boya +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /boˈʝaɾ/ [boˈʝaɾ]

• IPA^(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /boˈʝaɾ/ [boˈʝaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /boˈʃaɾ/ [boˈʃaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /boˈʒaɾ/ [boˈʒaɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: bo‧yar

Verb

boyar (first-person singular present boyo, first-person singular preterite boyé, past participle boyado)

1. (intransitive) to float

Conjugation

    Conjugation of boyar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			boyar
gerund			boyando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		boyado		boyada
		plural		boyados		boyadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	boyo	boyastú boyásvos	boya	boyamos	boyáis	boyan
	imperfect	boyaba	boyabas	boyaba	boyábamos	boyabais	boyaban
	preterite	boyé	boyaste	boyó	boyamos	boyasteis	boyaron
	future	boyaré	boyarás	boyará	boyaremos	boyaréis	boyarán
	conditional	boyaría	boyarías	boyaría	boyaríamos	boyaríais	boyarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	boye	boyestú boyésvos2	boye	boyemos	boyéis	boyen
	imperfect (ra)	boyara	boyaras	boyara	boyáramos	boyarais	boyaran
	imperfect (se)	boyase	boyases	boyase	boyásemos	boyaseis	boyasen
	future1	boyare	boyares	boyare	boyáremos	boyareis	boyaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		boyatú boyávos	boye	boyemos	boyad	boyen
	negative		no boyes	no boye	no boyemos	no boyéis	no boyen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “boyar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28