Wiktionary

soul

See also: Soul, soûl, and Söul

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology 1

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From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”), of uncertain ultimate origin (see there for further information). Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel, Icelandic sál, Finnish sielu may have come from Old English sāwol.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)

  1. (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
    • 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
      "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
      No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
    • 2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:
      Flowey: See that heart? That is your SOUL, the very culmination of your being!
  2. The spirit or essence of anything.
    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
      From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
    • 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Happy Warrior Alfred E. Smith‎[1], Houghton Mifflin, →OCLC, →OL, pages 36–37:
      It is possible with only these qualities for a man to be a reasonably efficient President, but there is one thing more needed to make him a great President. It is that quality of soul which makes a man loved by little children, by dumb animals, that quality of soul which makes him a strong help to all those in sorrow or in trouble, that quality which makes him not merely admired, but loved by all the people - the quality of sympathetic understanding of the human heart, of real interest in one's fellow men.
  3. Life, energy, vigor.
    • 1725, [Edward Young], “Satire III. To the Right Honourable Mr. Dodington.”, in Love of Fame, the Universal Passion. In Seven Characteristical Satires, 4th edition, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson […], published 1741, →OCLC, page 52:
      That he vvants Algebra he muſt confeſs. / But not a ſoul to give our arms ſucceſs.
  4. (music) Soul music.
  5. A person, especially as one among many.
    • 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin
      I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.
  6. An individual life.
    Fifty souls were lost when the ship sank.
  7. (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:soul.

Synonyms
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Derived terms
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English terms starting with “soul”

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Descendants
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Descendants
  • → German: Soul
  • → Esperanto: soulo
  • → French: soul
  • → Hungarian: soul
  • → Italian: soul
  • → Japanese: ソウル
  • → Polish: soul
  • → Portuguese: soul
  • → Romanian: soul
  • → Scots: sowel
  • → Spanish: soul
Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To endow with a soul or mind.
    Synonyms: besoul, ensoul
  2. To beg on All Soul's Day.
    Coordinate term: trick-or-treat
    • 1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and tenant: life in rural Cheshire, 1760-1900, page 93:
      All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake — a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from French souler (“to satiate”).

Verb

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soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)

  1. (obsolete) To feed or nourish.[1]
    • 1741, unknown [formerly attributed to Daniel Defoe], The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, the British Amazon, commonly called Mother Ross: […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for R[ichard] Montagu, →OCLC, part II, page 76:
      During my Stay here, I was going to take Pot-Luck with Colonel Ingram, and accidentally meeting him in the Way, I told him I deſigned to ſoul a Plate with him, [...]

References

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  1. ^ “soul”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Noun

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soul m inan

  1. soul (music style)

Declension

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

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  • “soul”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)

Finnish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsou̯l/, [ˈs̠o̞u̯l]
  • Rhymes: -oul
  • Syllabification(key): soul

Noun

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soul

  1. soul music

Declension

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Inflection of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative soul —
genitive soulin —
partitive soulia —
illative souliin —
singular plural
nominative soul —
accusative nom. soul —
gen. soulin
genitive soulin —
partitive soulia —
inessive soulissa —
elative soulista —
illative souliin —
adessive soulilla —
ablative soulilta —
allative soulille —
essive soulina —
translative souliksi —
abessive soulitta —
instructive — —
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative soulini —
accusative nom. soulini —
gen. soulini
genitive soulini —
partitive souliani —
inessive soulissani —
elative soulistani —
illative souliini —
adessive soulillani —
ablative souliltani —
allative soulilleni —
essive soulinani —
translative soulikseni —
abessive soulittani —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative soulisi —
accusative nom. soulisi —
gen. soulisi
genitive soulisi —
partitive souliasi —
inessive soulissasi —
elative soulistasi —
illative souliisi —
adessive soulillasi —
ablative souliltasi —
allative soulillesi —
essive soulinasi —
translative souliksesi —
abessive soulittasi —
instructive — —
comitative — —
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative soulimme —
accusative nom. soulimme —
gen. soulimme
genitive soulimme —
partitive souliamme —
inessive soulissamme —
elative soulistamme —
illative souliimme —
adessive soulillamme —
ablative souliltamme —
allative soulillemme —
essive soulinamme —
translative souliksemme —
abessive soulittamme —
instructive — —
comitative — —
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative soulinne —
accusative nom. soulinne —
gen. soulinne
genitive soulinne —
partitive soulianne —
inessive soulissanne —
elative soulistanne —
illative souliinne —
adessive soulillanne —
ablative souliltanne —
allative soulillenne —
essive soulinanne —
translative souliksenne —
abessive soulittanne —
instructive — —
comitative — —
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative soulinsa —
accusative nom. soulinsa —
gen. soulinsa
genitive soulinsa —
partitive souliaan
souliansa 		—
inessive soulissaan
soulissansa 		—
elative soulistaan
soulistansa 		—
illative souliinsa —
adessive soulillaan
soulillansa 		—
ablative souliltaan
souliltansa 		—
allative soulilleen
soulillensa 		—
essive soulinaan
soulinansa 		—
translative soulikseen
souliksensa 		—
abessive soulittaan
soulittansa 		—
instructive — —
comitative — —

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Adjective

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soul (Piemontais)

  1. Alternative form of sol (“alone”)

References

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  • soul in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Etymology 1

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See saoul.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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soul (feminine soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)

  1. post-1990 spelling of soûl, itself an alternative form of saoul (“drunk”)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soul f (uncountable)

  1. soul, soul music

Further reading

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soul (usually uncountable, plural soulok)

  1. (music) soul music

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative soul soulok
accusative soult soulokat
dative soulnak souloknak
instrumental soullal soulokkal
causal-final soulért soulokért
translative soullá soulokká
terminative soulig soulokig
essive-formal soulként soulokként
essive-modal — —
inessive soulban soulokban
superessive soulon soulokon
adessive soulnál souloknál
illative soulba soulokba
sublative soulra soulokra
allative soulhoz soulokhoz
elative soulból soulokból
delative soulról soulokról
ablative soultól souloktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		soulé souloké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		souléi soulokéi
Possessive forms of soul
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. soulom souljaim
2nd person sing. soulod souljaid
3rd person sing. soulja souljai
1st person plural soulunk souljaink
2nd person plural soulotok souljaitok
3rd person plural souljuk souljaik

Derived terms

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Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsol/, (careful style) /ˈsowl/[1]
  • Rhymes: -ol, (careful style) -owl
  • Hyphenation: (careful style) sóul

Noun

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soul m or f (invariable)

  1. soul music

References

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  1. ^ soul in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Noun

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soul

  1. Alternative form of soule

Old French

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Adjective

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soul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)

  1. Alternative form of sol

Declension

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Declension of soul
Number Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Subject souls soule soul
Oblique soul soule soul
Plural Subject soul soules soul
Oblique souls soules soul

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English soul, from Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soul m inan

  1. soul music

Declension

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Declension of soul
singular
nominative soul
genitive soul/soulu
dative soul/soulowi
accusative soul
instrumental soul/soulem
locative soul/soulu
vocative soul/soulu

Derived terms

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adjective

Further reading

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  • soul in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • soul in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English soul.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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soul m (uncountable)

  1. (music) soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English soul.

Adjective

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soul m or f or n (indeclinable)

  1. soul (music)

Declension

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Declension of soul (invariable)
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite soul soul soul soul
definite — — — —
genitive/
dative 		indefinite soul soul soul soul
definite — — — —

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English soul.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsoul/ [ˈsou̯l]
  • Rhymes: -oul
  • Syllabification: soul

Noun

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soul m (uncountable)

  1. soul, soul music

Further reading

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