surrender

English

Alternative forms

• surrendre (obsolete)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *upér

Proto-Italic *super

Latin super

Latin super-bor.

Old French sur-

Proto-Italic *wre-

Latin re-

Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti

Proto-Italic *didō

Latin dō

Latin reddō

Latin prēndoinflu.

Late Latin rendō

Old French rendre

Old French surrendrebor.

English surrender

Borrowed from Old French surrendre, from sur- + rendre (“render”). Noun use is from Anglo-Norman. Displaced native Old English handgang (noun) and on hand gān (verb).

Pronunciation

• (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/
• (rhotic) IPA^(key): /səˈɹɛndɚ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛndə(ɹ)

Verb

surrender (third-person singular simple present surrenders, present participle surrendering, simple past and past participle surrendered)

1. (transitive) To give up into the power, control, or possession of another.

   Synonyms: hand over, overgive

2. (military, by extension, transitive) To yield (a town, a fortification, etc.) to an enemy.
3. (intransitive or reflexive) To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.

   Synonyms: strike one's flag, wave the white flag

   Don't shoot! I surrender!

4. (transitive) To give up possession of; to yield; to resign.

   to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage

5. (reflexive) To yield (oneself) to an influence, emotion, passion, etc.

   to surrender oneself to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep

6. (transitive, intransitive, blackjack) To abandon (one's hand of cards) and recover half of the initial bet.
7. (transitive, insurance) For a policyholder, to voluntarily terminate an insurance contract before the end of its term, usually with the expectation of receiving a surrender value.

Derived terms

• surrender at discretion

 

Translations

transitive: to give up into the power, control, or possession of another

• Azerbaijani: təslim etmək
• Bulgarian: преда́вам (bg) impf (predávam), преда́м pf (predám)
• Catalan: retre (ca), rendir (ca), lliurar (ca)
• Estonian: loovutama
• Finnish: luovuttaa (fi)
• French: capituler (fr)
• Galician: render (gl), capitular (gl)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (galēwjan)
• Greek:

  Ancient: παραδίδωμι (paradídōmi)

• Hebrew: נכנע (nikhná)
• Hungarian: lemond (hu), felad (hu), átad (hu), kiszolgáltat (hu), kiad (hu), beszolgáltat (hu)
• Irish: tabhair suas
• Japanese: (military) 降服する (kōfuku suru), 投降する (tōkō suru), (criminal) 自首する (jishu suru), (property) 譲渡する (jōto suru), 放棄する (hōki suru)
• Korean: (military) 항복(降伏)하다 (ko) (hangbokhada), 항복(降服)하다 (ko) (hangbokhada), 투항(投降)하다 (ko) (tuhanghada), (criminal) 자수(自首)하다 (ko) (jasuhada)
• Latin: dēdō, condōnō
• Macedonian: предава (predava)
• Maori: hauraro, whakahauraro
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gi opp (no)

• Portuguese: render (pt), entregar (pt)
• Russian: сдава́ть (ru) impf (sdavátʹ), сда́ть (ru) pf (sdátʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: gèill, thoir suas, thoir thairis
• Spanish: entregar (es), rendir (es), abandonar (es)
• Swedish: ge upp (sv)
• Turkish: teslim etmek (tr)
• Ukrainian: здава́ти impf (zdaváty), зда́ти pf (zdáty)
• Vietnamese: đầu hàng (vi)
• Zazaki: acı dayen, teslim kerden

intransitive or reflexive: to give oneself up into the power of another

• Albanian: dorëzohem (sq), kapitulloj (sq)
• Arabic: اِسْتَسْلَمَ (istaslama)
• Armenian: հանձնվել (hy) (hanjnvel)
• Azerbaijani: təslim olmaq
• Belarusian: здава́цца impf (zdavácca), зда́цца pf (zdácca), капітулява́ць impf or pf (kapituljavácʹ)
• Bulgarian: преда́вам се (bg) impf (predávam se), преда́м се pf (predám se), капитули́рам (bg) impf or pf (kapitulíram)
• Catalan: retre's (ca), rendir-se (ca)
• Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏲᏍᎦ (adayosga)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 投降 (zh) (tóuxiáng)

• Czech: vzdávat se impf, vzdát se (cs) pf, oddávat se impf, oddat se (cs) pf
• Danish: overgive sig, kapitulere
• Dutch: zich overgeven (nl), capituleren (nl)
• Esperanto: kapitulaci (eo)
• Estonian: alistuma (et), kapituleeruma
• Finnish: antautua (fi)
• French: capituler (fr), se rendre (fr)
• Galician: render (gl), entregar (gl)
• Georgian: დანებება (danebeba)
• German: kapitulieren (de), sich ergeben (de)
• Greek: παραδίνομαι (el) (paradínomai)
• Hindi: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: megadja magát, kapitulál (hu), leteszi a fegyvert, (perpetrator to the police) feladja magát
• Ingrian: antiissa
• Italian: arrendersi (it), capitolare (it)
• Japanese: (military) 降服する (kōfuku suru), 投降する (tōkō suru), (criminal) 自首する (jishu suru), (property) 譲渡する (jōto suru), 放棄する (hōki suru)
• Kazakh: тізе бүгу (tıze bügu), берілу (berılu), бағыну (bağynu)
• Korean: (military) 항복(降伏)하다 (ko) (hangbokhada), 항복(降服)하다 (ko) (hangbokhada), 투항(投降)하다 (ko) (tuhanghada), (criminal) 자수(自首)하다 (ko) (jasuhada)
• Kyrgyz: багынуу (ky) (bagınuu)
• Latin: dēdō
• Latvian: padoties, kapitulēt
• Lithuanian: pasiduoti, kapituliuoti
• Macedonian: се предава impf (se predava), се предаде pf (se predade), капитули́ра impf or pf (kapitulíra)
• Maori: hauraro
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: overgi seg, kapitulere

• Old English: on hand gān
• Persian: تسلیم شدن (fa) (taslim šodan)
• Polish: poddawać się (pl) impf, poddać się (pl) pf, kapitulować (pl) impf, skapitulować (pl) pf
• Portuguese: render-se, entregar-se, capitular (pt)
• Romanian: capitula (ro)
• Russian: сдава́ться (ru) impf (sdavátʹsja), сда́ться (ru) pf (sdátʹsja), капитули́ровать (ru) impf or pf (kapitulírovatʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: gèill, thoir suas, thoir thairis
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: преда́вати се impf, прѐдати се pf

  Roman: predávati se (sh) impf, prèdati se (sh) pf

• Slovak: vzdávať sa impf, vzdať se pf
• Slovene: predajati se impf, predati se pf
• Spanish: rendirse (es), capitular (es), claudicar (es)
• Swedish: ge sig (sv), kapitulera (sv), ge upp (sv)
• Tajik: таслим шудан (taslim šudan)
• Thai: ยอมแพ้ (yɔɔm-pɛ́ɛ), ทู้ (túu)
• Turkish: teslim olmak (tr)
• Ukrainian: здава́тися (uk) impf (zdavátysja), зда́тися pf (zdátysja), капітулюва́ти impf or pf (kapituljuváty)
• Uzbek: taslim boʻlmoq
• Vietnamese: đầu hàng (vi)
• Zazaki: teslim biyen

to yield oneself to an influence, emotion

• Bulgarian: отда́вам се (bg) impf (otdávam se), отда́м се pf (otdám se)
• Dutch: zich overgeven
• Esperanto: fordoniĝi
• Hungarian: átadja magát, enged (hu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: overgi seg

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} zich overgeven
• German: ^{(please verify)} sich ergeben, ^{(please verify)} übergeben (de), ^{(please verify)} ausliefern (de), ^{(please verify)} abtreten (de), ^{(please verify)} auf etwas verzichten, (1,2) ^{(please verify)} aufgeben (de), (1,2) ^{(please verify)} kapitulieren (de)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} arrendersi (it)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} tradere
• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} vdati se, ^{(please verify)} predati se
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} లొంగు (te) (loṅgu), ^{(please verify)} లొంగిపోవు (te) (loṅgipōvu)
• Welsh: ^{(please verify)} ymroddi

Noun

surrender (countable and uncountable, plural surrenders)

1. An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; abandonment, resignation.
2. The yielding or delivery of a possession in response to a demand.
3. (law, property law) The yielding of the leasehold estate by the lessee to the landlord, so that the tenancy for years merges in the reversion and no longer exists.

Synonyms

• capitulation

Derived terms

• cheese-eating surrender monkey
• surrender monkey
• unconditional surrender

 

Translations

an act of surrendering

• Arabic: اِسْتَسْلَام m (istaslām)
• Armenian: անձնատվություն (hy) (anjnatvutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: təslim, kapitulyasiya
• Belarusian: капiтуля́цыя f (kapituljácyja), зда́ча f (zdáča)
• Bulgarian: капитула́ция (bg) f (kapitulácija)
• Catalan: rendició (ca) f, capitulació f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 投降 (zh) (tóuxiáng), 降服 (zh) (xiángfú)

• Czech: kapitulace f
• Dutch: overgave (nl) f
• Esperanto: kapitulaco
• Estonian: allaandmine
• Finnish: antautuminen (fi)
• French: capitulation (fr) f, reddition (fr) f
• German: Kapitulation (de) f, Ergebung f, Ergeben n, Aufgeben n, Aufgabe (de) f
• Greek: παράδοση (el) f (parádosi), συνθηκολόγηση (el) f (synthikológisi)
• Hungarian: kapituláció (hu)
• Icelandic: uppgjöf f
• Japanese: (military) 降服 (ja) (こうふく, kōfuku), 投降 (ja) (とうこう, tōkō), (criminal) 自首 (ja) (じしゅ, jishu), (property) 譲渡 (ja) (じょうと, jōto), 放棄 (ja) (hōki)
• Korean: (military) 항복(降伏) (ko) (hangbok), 항복(降服) (ko) (hangbok), 투항(投降) (ko) (tuhang), (criminal) 자수(自首) (ko) (jasu)
• Latin: dēditiō f
• Maori: haurarotanga
• Persian: تسلیم (fa) (taslim)
• Polish: kapitulacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: rendição (pt) f
• Russian: капитуля́ция (ru) f (kapituljácija), сда́ча (ru) f (sdáča)
• Scottish Gaelic: gèilleadh m
• Slovak: kapitulácia f
• Spanish: claudicación (es) f
• Swedish: uppgivelse c
• Telugu: లొంగుబాటు (te) (loṅgubāṭu)
• Thai: ยอมแพ้ (yɔɔm-pɛ́ɛ)
• Turkish: teslim olma
• Ukrainian: капітуля́ція f (kapituljácija), зда́ча f (zdáča)

the yielding or delivery of a possession in response to a demand

• Bulgarian: предаване (bg) n (predavane)
• Finnish: luopuminen (fi), luovuttaminen (fi)
• German: Übergeben n, Übergabe (de) f, Aushändigung f
• Japanese: (military) 降服 (ja) (こうふく, kōfuku), 投降 (ja) (とうこう, tōkō), (property) 譲渡 (ja) (じょうと, jōto)
• Korean: (military) 항복(降伏) (ko) (hangbok), 항복(降服) (ko) (hangbok), 투항(投降) (ko) (tuhang)
• Maori: haurarotanga
• Telugu: లొంగుబాటు (te) (loṅgubāṭu)

law, property law: the yielding of the leasehold estate by the lessee to the landlord

• Finnish: luovutus (fi)
• Japanese: (property) 譲渡 (ja) (jōto)
• Korean: 양도(讓渡) (ko) (yangdo)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} vdaja f

Anagrams

• surrendre