北京

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Chinese

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north capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad. (北京) 北 京
simp. #(北京) 北 京
Literally: “northern capital”.
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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 北 京
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 德 (131) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 博墨切 舉卿切
Baxter pok kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pək̚/ /kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pək̚/ /kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pək̚/ /kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pək̚/ /kiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/pək̚/ /kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/pək̚/ /kĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pək̚/ /ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bo jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bak1 ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 北 京
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		běi jīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pok › ‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁək/ /*[k]raŋ/
English north hill; capital city

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 北 京
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 414 6828
Phonetic
component 		北 京
Rime
group 		職 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		北 驚
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯːɡ/ /*kraŋ/

Proper noun

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北京

  2. (～市) Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
    中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]
    中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]
    The capital of China is Beijing.
    北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。 [MSC, trad.]
    北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。 [MSC, simp.]
    Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng. [Pinyin]
    Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.
    原諒我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, trad.]
    原谅我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yuánliàng wǒ bù néng péi nǐ qù Běijīng. [Pinyin]
    Forgive me for not being able to go with you to Beijing.
    Synonyms: 北平 (Běipíng) (historical), 燕京 (Yānjīng) (historical)
  3. (metonymically) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)
  4. (historical) northern capital
    1. [5th c. CE] Jiankang (capital of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Nanjing, Jiangsu province
    2. [5th c. CE] Jingkou (birthplace of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province
    3. [5th c. CE] Pingcheng (capital of Northern Wei dynasty)—in modern-day Datong, Shanxi province
    4. [8th–10th c. CE] Taiyuan Fu (birthplace of Tang dynasty and many subsequent states)—in modern-day Taiyuan, Shanxi province
    5. [11th c. CE] Daming Fu (visited by Emperor Zhenzong)—in modern-day Handan, Hebei province
    6. [12th c. CE] Shangjing Linhuang Fu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Chifeng, Inner Mongolia
    7. [12th c. CE] Zhongdu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Beijing
    8. [14th c. CE] Kaifeng Fu (Ming dynasty)—in modern-day Kaifeng, Henan province

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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  • (Beijing): (historical) 北平 (Běipíng), (literary, or ironic, humorous) 帝都 (dìdū), (historical, archaic) 燕京 (Yānjīng)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (北京):

Others:

See also

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  • Other capitals in the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China: 南京 (Nánjīng) — 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng) — 西安 (Xī'ān)
  • Other directions: 南京 (Nánjīng, “southern capital”) — 東京／东京 (Dōngjīng, “eastern capital”) — 西京 (Xījīng, “western capital”)

Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
北 京
ぺ
Grade: 2 		きん
Grade: 2
tōon

Borrowed from English Peking, from the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.[1] The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 北京 (Běijīng). Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin, German Peking, Russian Пекин (Pekin).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) ペキン [péꜜkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA(key): [pe̞kʲĩɴ]
  • Audio:(file)

Proper noun

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北京(ペキン) • (Pekin) 

  1. Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

See also

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
北 京
ほく > ほっ
Grade: 2 		きょう
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.[3]

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Proper noun

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北(ほっ)京(きょう) • (Hokkyō) ←ほくきやう (Fokukyau)?

  1. (history) Kyoto the "Northern Capital", as opposed to Nara the "Southern Capital"

References

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  1. ^ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008) The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎[1], Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ “ほっ‐きょう［ホクキャウ］ 【北京】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
北京

Proper noun

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北京 • (Bukgyeong) (hangeul 북경)

  1. hanja form? of 북경 (“Beijing”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
北京

Proper noun

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北京

  1. chữ Hán form of Bắc Kinh (“Beijing”).
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