啜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]啜 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口水水水 (REEE), four-corner 67047, composition ⿰口叕)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3832
- Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 648, character 5
- Unihan data for U+555C
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 啜 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 蝃 | *tɯːds, *tjod |
| 欼 | *sʰrɯʔ |
| 綴 | *tods, *tod |
| 醊 | *tods, *tod |
| 畷 | *tods, *tod |
| 啜 | *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod |
| 餟 | *tods, *tod |
| 腏 | *tods, *toːd, *tod |
| 錣 | *tods, *rtoːd |
| 輟 | *tods, *tod |
| 娺 | *tul, *rtoːd |
| 窡 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd |
| 鵽 | *rtoːd, *rtoːd, *toːd |
| 掇 | *toːd, *tod |
| 剟 | *toːd, *tod |
| 裰 | *toːd |
| 敠 | *toːd, *sʰlod |
| 惙 | *tod |
| 罬 | *tod, *ktod |
| 叕 | *tod |
| 歠 | *tʰjod |
| 逫 | *tud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod).
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
啜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Possibly related to 噆 (OC *ʔsluːb, “(of a mosquito) to bite”) (Schuessler, 2007).
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “onomatopoeic? related to 嘬 (also /zyut3/ in Cantonese)?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zyut3 / zyut3-1 / zyut3-2 / cyut3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): chṳĕ
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiók / cuók
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cue5 / coeh6 / cyeh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tshoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chuò
- Wade–Giles: chʻo4
- Yale: chwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuoh
- Palladius: чо (čo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zyut3 / zyut3-1 / zyut3-2 / cyut3
- Yale: jyut / jyūt / jyút / chyut
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzyt8 / dzyt8-7 / dzyt8-2 / tsyt8
- Guangdong Romanization: jud3 / jud3-1 / jud3-2 / qud3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syːt̚³/, /t͡syːt̚³⁻⁵/, /t͡syːt̚³⁻³⁵/, /t͡sʰyːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: cyut3 - rare, literary (“to drink”).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhot
- Hakka Romanization System: codˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cod5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰot̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳĕ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiók / cuók
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- chiók - vernacular;
- cuók - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cue5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuei²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: coeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰœʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cyeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyøʔ²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- cue5 - vernacular;
- coeh6/cyeh6 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheh
- Tâi-lô: tsheh
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰeʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chherh
- Tâi-lô: tsherh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoeh
- Tâi-lô: tshueh
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhoeq
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoat
- Tâi-lô: tshuat
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhoad
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuat̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chheh/chherh/chhoeh - vernacular (“to drink”);
- chhoat - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: coih4 / cuag4 / cuêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshoih / tshuak / tshuek
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰoiʔ²/, /t͡sʰuak̚²/, /t͡sʰuek̚²/
Note:
- coih4 - vernacular;
- cuêg4/cuag4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: trjwejH, dzywejH, tsyhwet, dzywet
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰot/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tods/, /*djods/, /*tʰjod/, /*djod/
Definitions
[edit]啜
- (literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip
- 眾人皆醉，何不餔其糟而啜其醨？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zhòngrén jiē zuì, hé bù bū qí zāo ér chuò qí lí? [Pinyin]
- Now that everyone else is drunk, why not taste a bit of those lees, or even take a sip of the diluted stuff?
众人皆醉，何不𫗦其糟而啜其醨？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 百餘年來，滿洲子弟學書畫，唱酬詩章；蒙古帳中位置古董，焚香啜茶；倭子講學，說甚心性理氣。此所以萬國太平也歟。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: 《古芸堂筆記/고운당필기》, 1784
- Baek yeo nyeon lae, Manju jaje hak seohwa, changsu sijang; Monggo jang jung wichi godong, bunhyang cheol cha; Waeja ganghak, yeol sim simseong rigi. Cha so'i man'guk taepyeong ya yeo. [Sino-Korean]
- Since more than a hundred years, Manchu children have learned writing and painting and exchange poems to each other. The Mongols in their yurts deal with antique curios, burn incense, and sip on tea. The Japanese lecture the sciences, and are enthused by the nature of the human heart and the relationships between the cosmic principle and the vital force. This must be why the world is at peace.
- (Cantonese) to suck
- (Cantonese) to kiss
- (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on
- (literary) thick soup
- (literary) to sob; to weep
- (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod5) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax
Usage notes
[edit]- In Hokkien, the sense of “to drink” is usually applied to soup or thin porridge, but not to water, alcoholic beverage, or other drinks.
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吻, 親, 親吻 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吻, 親 |
| Taiwan | 吻, 親 | |
| Singapore | 吻, 親 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 親 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 親 |
| Xi'an | 親 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 親 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 惜, 啜, 痛 |
| Hong Kong | 惜, 啜, 嘴 | |
| Taishan | 啜 | |
| Dongguan | 啜 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 惜 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 唚 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 唚 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 唚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 唚 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 唚 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 唚 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 唚 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 親 |
| Xinzhou | 親 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蜜 |
| Songxi | 鼻 | |
| Zhenghe | 蜜 | |
| Jianyang | 蜜 | |
| Wuyishan | 敕 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 鼻 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 唚 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 唚 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 唚 | |
| Quanzhou | 唚 | |
| Shishi | 唚 | |
| Zhangzhou | 唚 | |
| Tainan | 唚 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 唚 | |
| Chaozhou | 唚 | |
| Shantou | 唚 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 唚 | |
| Haikou | 惜 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 香, 親 |
| Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 香 | |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 香 | |
| Suzhou | 香 | |
| Hangzhou | 香 | |
| Ningbo | 親 | |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
啜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 諁／𰵷 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
- Wade–Giles: cho2
- Yale: jwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
- Palladius: чжо (čžo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chuò
- Wade–Giles: chʻo4
- Yale: chwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuoh
- Palladius: чо (čo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Middle Chinese: trjwet
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*tod/
Definitions
[edit]啜
Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
啜 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Chuài
- Wade–Giles: Chʻuai4
- Yale: Chwài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuay
- Palladius: Чуай (Čuaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Chuò
- Wade–Giles: Chʻo4
- Yale: Chwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chuoh
- Palladius: Чо (Čo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceoi3 / zyut3
- Yale: cheui / jyut
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey3 / dzyt8
- Guangdong Romanization: cêu3 / jud3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵy̯³³/, /t͡syːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòe
- Tâi-lô: Tshuè
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhoex
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰue²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰue⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhè
- Tâi-lô: Tshè
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhex
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cuag4 / cuêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuak / tshuek
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuak̚²/, /t͡sʰuek̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Definitions
[edit]啜
- a surname
References
[edit]- “啜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “啜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 35.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]啜
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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