守

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守 U+5B88, 守
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B88
← 宇
[U+5B87] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 安 →
[U+5B89]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
6 strokes

守 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十木戈 (JDI), four-corner 30342, composition ⿱宀寸)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7071
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 912, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5B88

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 守
alternative forms 㝊

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 守
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (守) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
守 *qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus
狩 *qʰljus

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof; building”) + 寸 (“hand”); to guard, keep, or defend a place (e.g., a building whose roof is visible on top of the character). It's possible that 寸 (original form of 肘 (OC *tkuʔ)) is also a phonetic component. A more conservative version is 㝊, in which 又 is not a phonetic component.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • siú - literary;
  • chiú/chiúⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 書九切 舒救切
Baxter syuwX syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨuX/ /ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiəuX/ /ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕuwX/ /ɕuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuX/ /ɕiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəuX/ /ɕĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ə̯uX/ /ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǒu shòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau2 sau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǒu shòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syuwX › ‹ syuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tuʔ/ /*s.tuʔ-s/
English keep, guard territory in somebody"s guard, fief

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 守 守
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11666 11668
Phonetic
component 		守 守
Rime
group 		幽 幽
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		首 狩
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰljuʔ/ /*qʰljus/
Notes 從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事，
或許肘亦聲

Definitions

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守

  1. to keep; to maintain; to preserve
  2. to abide by; to follow; to comply with
  3. to defend; to protect; to keep watch
  4. to approach; to come closer; to draw near
  5. 57th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "guardedness" (𝌾)
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to keep):
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  • (to abide by):
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  • (to defend):
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  • (to approach):
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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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守

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. protect, defend, watch over

Synonyms

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Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
守
もり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (moru, “to protect, to watch over”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(もり) • (mori) 

  1. a watchman, a keeper (as of a lighthouse), a caretaker
  2. a nursemaid, a babysitter

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
守
まもる
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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守(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
守
まもり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(まもり) • (mamori) 

  1. standing watch, standing guard
  2. a watchman, a guard (especially at a castle or fort)
  3. divine protection from misfortune
  4. a god or spirit providing such protection
  5. a ward, charm, talisman, or other item providing divine protection
  6. short for 守り刀, 守刀 (mamorigatana, “protection sword”, sword always kept at one's side for personal protection)
  7. a seal or coat of arms using a 守り札 (mamorifuda, “charm tag”), 守り袋 (mamoribukuro, “charm bag”), or similar charm for the design
Synonyms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
守
まぼり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of mamori.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(まぼり) • (mabori) 

  1. see mamori above

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
守
まぶり
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of mabori.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(まぶり) • (maburi) 

  1. see mamori above

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
守
しゅ
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 守 (shǒu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(しゅ) • (shu) 

  1. (archaic) used when listing an official's titles when there are two or more (compare English cum)
  2. short for 守護 (shugo, “protection, protector”)
  3. (archaic) short for 国守 (kokushu, “head administrator of a kuni in the old Ritsuryō system”)

Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
守
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From the sense of being above in rank and status. Essentially of the same meaning as 上 (kami, “above”), but spelled 守 to convey a sense of “watching” or “overseeing”. This spelling is an example of jukujikun or ateji used for the meaning.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. (archaic) under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the highest of the four ranks of civil servant staff, and general term for head administrators of government departments
  2. (archaic) in the first year of the new Meiji era government established in 1868, the title of the seven heads of all government bureaus except the 総裁局 (Sōsai Kyoku, “Bureau of the President”), whose head was titled 総裁 (Sōsai, “president” or “director general”)

Etymology 8

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Kanji in this term
守
こう
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alteration of kami.

/kami/ → /kamu/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

Pronunciation

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Noun

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守(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

  1. (obsolete) see kami above; used in obsolete titles
Derived terms
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The following are all titles in the old Ritsuryō system.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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守 (eumhun 지킬 수 (jikil su))

  1. hanja form? of 수 (“protection”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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守: Hán Nôm readings: thú, thủ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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